Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Dahl.
In five patients who exhibited allergic reactions, four with asthma and one with angioneurotic oedema, to orally administered soybean flour, the protective effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate has been investigated. Protection from reactions in soybean provocation tests has been achieved with doses ranging from 400 mg to 600 mg given four times daily.
In a food allergic patient challenge evoked a dual asthmatic response. These reactions could be partly or completely blocked by pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate (Intal, Lomudal) orally, depending on the doses given. Pretreatment with inhalations of disodium cromoglycate gave no protection.
Eosinophil cationic protein constitutes a major part of eosinophil leucocyte granule protein. Low serum concentrations have previously been found in patients with bronchial asthma. As this might reflect a low intracellular content, eosinophils were isolated from normal controls and patients with bronchial asthma. Eosinophil cationic protein was estimated after extraction of the cells and a similar content was found in cells from both groups.
Inhalation challenge test was performed in 12 patients with bronchial asthma. The subsequent variation in blood cosinophils and serum-eosinophil cationic protein was followed up. Uniform patterns in both parameters were seen suggesting active participation of the eosinophil leucocyte in allergic inflammation.
The in vivo effect of beta-2-adrenergic stimulating and blocking drugs and of corticosteroid medication on blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) has been studied. The beta-2-adrenergic drugs, salbutamol and terbutaline, had an eosinopenic effect. They were able to decrease S-ECP concentration, which administration of steroid was not, indicating that only the adrenergic stimulators affect leucocyte secretion. Care must be taken in interpretation of blood eosinophil count and S-ECP concentration, and the actual medical treatment must be known.
Normal subjects and patients with bronchial asthma showed a similar diurnal variation in blood eosinophil count and serum eosinophil cationic protein concentration. The blood eosinophils showed the highest count during the night whereas serum eosinophil cationic protein showed the highest concentration in the early evening. It is concluded that this may result from a difference in hormonal or other influences.
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Arginine-rich cationic proteins are a major constituent of the granules of eosinophil leucocytes. In healthy individuals, serum levels of cationic proteins were correlated with blood eosinophil-counts. In asthma patients blood eosinophil-counts were raised but serum cationic-protein levels were lower than expected. Some patients with intrinsic asthma had very low cationic-protein levels despite high eosinophilia. A challenge test in one patient caused a striking decrease in serum cationic proteins but no change in eosinophil-count. Assays of serum "eosinophil" cationic proteins may be useful in the differentiation of atopic and intrinsic asthma and may throw light on pathogenesis.
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The pleiotropic ctr mutation has been shown to affect tryptophan uptake and tryptophanase formation. Genetic reversions are of two types: (i) complete, restoring to wild type, located at 46 to 47 min; (ii) partial, restoring only tryptophanase synthesis, located at 73 min. In some strains the effect of ctr mutations could be reversed by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) plus tryptophan. A mutant producing tryptophanase constitutively was suppressed by a ctr mutation. Production of tryptophanase in this suppressed strain was not restored by the addition of cAMP, but required cAMP plus tryptophan.