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Biomedical subjects

R D Cartwright

Publications and source records attributed to R D Cartwright.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea severity.

Thirty male patients evaluated sequentially for sleep apnea syndrome by all-night clinical polysomnography were compared for apnea plus hypopnea index (A + HI) during the time in the side versus time in the back sleep posture. For 24 subjects of this sample, who occupied both major body positions during the evaluation night, the apnea index was found to be twice as high during the time spent sleeping on their backs as it was when they slept in the side position. This difference is reliable and inversely related to obesity. Five patients meeting diagnostic criteria for sleep apnea on an all-night basis fell within normal limits while in the side sleep position. This suggests sleep position adjustment may be a viable treatment for some nonobese sleep apnea patients.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1984

Self-reported sleep disorder symptoms in epilepsy.

Three groups of adult epileptic subjects with simple partial, complex partial, and generalized seizures and normal control subjects completed a brief self-report sleep questionnaire. The simple partial and complex partial groups indicated significantly more sleep disorder symptoms, especially frequent night awakenings. The generalized group was most similar to the controls. Irrespective of seizure type, the epileptic patients with the most frequent seizures also had the most sleep disturbances. Sleep disorder symptoms did not increase with age in the seizure groups. It would thus seem that epileptic patients with partial seizures and those with more frequent seizures are at risk for developing sleep disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Rapid eye movement sleep characteristics during and after mood-disturbing events.

Twenty-nine women undergoing divorce were monitored for six nights to explore the relation of mood disturbance and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Follow-up evaluations were completed on 13 women one to two years later. The more traditional women were more depressed and had shortened REM latencies. Depression was also related to an irregular eye movement density sequence throughout the night. Although depression and REM latency were both significantly improved at follow-up, the REM latency of those initially most depressed remained at a lower than normal level and the eye movement density sequency remained irregular, suggesting some lag in the sleep response or a traitlike vulnerability to future depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

The effects of a nonsurgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. The tongue-retaining device.

The tongue-retaining device (TRD) was designed to increase the unobstructed dimension of the nasal breathing passage during sleep. Twenty male patients with diagnoses of sleep apnea syndrome, primarily of the obstructive type, confirmed by clinical polysomnography, were fitted with the device. The TRD holds the tongue in a forward position by negative pressure. Fourteen patients have been tested before and after this treatment, and ten of these have also completed two follow-up recordings four to six months after being trained in the use of this device. There was significantly improved sleep and significantly fewer and shorter apneic events on all nights when the device was worn. On the first night of wearing the TRD for a half night only, there was a significant reduction in the number of obstructive and central apneic episodes. The mean apnea plus hypopnea index while wearing the TRD is comparable with the rate reported for patients who have been treated surgically by either tracheostomy or by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, although the tracheostomy group contained more severe cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Focusing on dreams. A preparation program for psychotherapy.

Forty-eight patients selected as potential early dropouts from insight-oriented psychotherapy were offered a two-week program to prepare them for treatment. Thirty-two were sleep-monitored for eight nights; half were given access to their dreams by awakening them from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep periods; the other half were awakened as often, but only from non-FEM (NREM) stages. A third group of 16 subjects went directly into treatment. All laboratory subjects were asked each morning to recall and discuss the reports they had given during the night. The effect of these discussions was measured on the drop-out rate during the first ten treatment hours and on the development of treatment-appropriate behaviors. Those who successfully retrieved and discussed dreams as opposed to other content stayed in therapy at a significantly higher rate and used the hours more productively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The effects of electrosleep on insomnia revisited.

Ten subjects who had suffered from sleep onset insomnia for a minimun of 2 years participated in a double blind study of the effects of electrosleep on this disorder. This paper reports a 2-year follow-up of these subjects. Of the five subjects who received 24 live treatments, four appeared to be able to fall asleep with little difficulty and to awake feeling moderately to very well rested. Only one appeared to have relapsed during the 2-year-no-treatment period. Of those receiving sham treatment four were having quite a bit of difficulty falling asleep but three of the five awoke feeling moderately well rested. Although the number of subjects is small, the trends appear consistent with the interpretation that sleep habits were improved for most of the real treatment subjects and for few of those receiving sham treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗