Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Cheli

Publications and source records attributed to R Cheli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cimetidine and cytoprotection.

The actions of cimetidine are well known: an inhibitor of gastrin hydrochloric secretion, cimetidine modifies neither the motility nor any of the other functional factors. Numerous authors also attribute a cytoprotective role to cimetidine, one that is apparently carried out independently of the inhibitory effect on hydrochloric secretion. The cytoprotective mechanism itself is not yet fully understood. Numerous hypotheses have been made, including increased production of bicarbonates, inhibition of cyclic AMP, increased mucosal blood flow, and increased mucous production. However, all these hypotheses have not been fully explained, hence the problem remains open to further contributions. Well accepted, instead, is the possibility that the drug may not only intervene in acid-hydrochloric inhibition but may also, by broadening its mechanisms, enhance the powers of the mucosal barrier.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1986

Somatostatin and cimetidine in the control of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A controlled multicenter study.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a difficult emergency problem, and, despite recent pharmacological advances, the choice and results of medical treatment are the subject of debate. To determine the effectiveness of two potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, somatostatin and cimetidine, in the control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of non-variceal origin, we initiated a multicentric, randomized, prospective therapeutic trial in 56 patients presenting with acute hemorrhage due to gastric and duodenal ulcers and erosions defined by uniform and precise criteria. The two drugs were administered i.v. for 48 hours at a dose of 250 mcg/h (somatostatin) and 1,600 mg/24 h (cimetidine). Vital signs, laboratory values, and gastric aspirate were checked frequently in accordance with a strict schedule; the number of blood transfusions was also noted. Endoscopy for the assessment of bleeding before admission to the trial and the end of treatment was performed in every patient. Bleeding stopped in 28 of the 30 (93.3%) patients treated with somatostatin, and in 16 of the 26 (61.5%) of those receiving cimetidine (p less than 0.01). The blood requirement of the patients treated with somatostatin and cimetidine was, on average, 1.10 +/- 1.16 and 2.46 +/- 4.03 units per patient, respectively (p less than 0.05). Somatostatin was also significantly superior - in the patients in whom the treatments were successful - with respect to the time taken to achieve this result. In conclusion, our results, together with those already published, point to a definite therapeutic effectiveness of somatostatin in upper gastrointestinal bleeding as here defined, and would appear to justify a more extensive clinical use under controlled conditions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Accelerated healing of ulcus ventriculi by a single evening dose of famotidine. Results of an Austrian-German-Italian multicenter study].

An 8 week, double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in Austria, Germany and Italy to determine whether famotidine would speed healing and relief of symptoms in patients with benign gastric ulcer. Of the 131 patients who completed the trial, 66 received 40 mg famotidine in the evening and 65 placebo. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after entry, ulcers had healed in a higher percentage of patients treated with famotidine than of those treated with placebo (47%, 70%, 91% vs 32%, 49%, 61%). In the famotidine group healing had occurred significantly more often after 6 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Famotidine was superior to placebo in relieving ulcer symptoms. The proportion of patients receiving additional antacid therapy was significantly lower in the famotidine group. The findings suggest that the new H2-receptor antagonist famotidine significantly speeds the healing of benign gastric ulcers in a single evening dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Famotidine in the management of duodenal ulcer: experience in Italy.

A multicenter study that involved 15 Italian institutions was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of famotidine 40 mg at bedtime, famotidine 20 mg b.i.d., famotidine 40 mg b.i.d., and ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. in promoting the healing of acute duodenal ulcer. Two hundred and twenty-four patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated into four treatment groups. Efficacy results for the four groups were similar at weeks 2, 4, and 8 of therapy. At week 8, the percentage of patients healed in each group was as follows: 92% in the famotidine 40-mg bedtime group, 97% with 20 mg b.i.d., 93% with 40 mg b.i.d., and 90% with ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. Day pain and night pain were markedly reduced in all four groups, antacid consumption fell considerably, and therapy was generally well tolerated. The adverse experiences evaluated by the investigator as possibly, probably, or definitely related to test medication were rare and moderate.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Famotidine (MK-208) in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Results of a multicenter double-blind controlled study.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the efficacy and safety of famotidine (MK-208), a new, potent, histamine H2 receptor antagonist, in promoting the healing of active gastric ulcer when compared to placebo. Of the 71 patients who took part in this multicenter double-blind study in Italy, 37 were administered famotidine 40 mg once daily and 34 placebo. Treatment duration was for up to 8 weeks, and endoscopic and clinical studies were performed at onset and week 4 and, if necessary, at weeks 6 and 8. All patients were carefully evaluated at regular intervals for adverse drug reactions by clinical and laboratory examinations. By the end of the study, 97% of the ulcers were healed in the famotidine group compared to 66% in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). Day and night pain decreased significantly more in the famotidine group than in the placebo group. Both treatments were well tolerated, and no alterations in laboratory tests were observed. Famotidine, therefore, proved effective in the treatment of gastric ulcer and was well tolerated on a short-term basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Famotidine versus placebo in prevention of the recurrence of duodenal ulcer disease. A multicenter study in Germany, Austria and Italy].

The aim of this study was to gain experience concerning efficacy and safety of famotidine, the new H2-receptor antagonist, for the maintenance of duodenal ulcer disease. 344 patients whose acute duodenal ulceration had recently been healed under famotidine or ranitidine were recruited for a year maintenance treatment with 20 mg bedtime dose of famotidine or placebo. 167 patients were treated with famotidine over 6 and 52 over 12 months. The corresponding numbers in the placebo control were 177 and 21. A life table method of analyses showed that the ulcer relapse rate was consistently and significantly (p less than 0.01) lower on famotidine than on placebo after 6 months (26% [43/167] versus 55% [98/177]). Of the 52 patients treated with 20 mg famotidine at night for further 6 months 7 (14%) developed an ulcer relapse. Of the 21 patients treated for further 6 months with placebo 5 (24%) showed an acute ulcer crater at endoscopy. Famotidine was well tolerated in the longterm therapy. The results confirm the efficacy and safety of famotidine in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse for at least 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Is duodenitis always a peptic disease?

Acid secretory behavior as well as gastrin levels were evaluated in 38 cases of chronic duodenitis. Basal HCl secretion was normal in 39% of cases, hypochlorhydria was observed in 29%, and hyperchlorhydria in 32%. Maximal acid output was normal in 71% of patients with duodenitis, decreased in 19%, and increased in 10%. Fasting serum gastrin was always within normal limits. The secretory behavior correlated with age but not with the histological pattern of duodenal mucosa. In chronic duodenitis, normal secretion or hypochlorhydria is the prevailing finding. This does not exclude the possibility of a peptic pathogenetic mechanism which could be involved in the rare cases of chronic duodenitis with hyperchlorhydria. Acid-peptic disease is not etiopathogenetic in the causation of most cases of chronic duodenitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hematoporphyrin derivative photochemotherapy of spontaneous animal tumors: clinical results with optimized drug dose.

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photochemotherapy was performed on 13 primary spontaneous tumors in dog and cat. The animals received an optimized drug dose of 5 mg/kg body wt i.v. 48 h before the first treatment with laser light at 631 nm. An evaluation of the clinical results is presented and discussed. Complete disappearance of the primary tumors was obtained in all cases with one or more light irradiations. Five cases presented recurrences that were cured with a further treatment. In 4 cases treated after surgical exeresis of the primary tumors, this therapy resulted in complete cure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Clinical significance of duodenal erosions.

In 2436 duodenoscopies performed in 1979-1980, 142 cases of duodenal erosions were found. In 68% of the cases erosions were autonomous, while in the remaining 32% they were associated with peptic ulcer. Either autonomous or associated erosions were mainly present in males with prevalence of the 4th, 5th and 6th decades of life. Moreover, autumn and spring were the most common times of appearance. With respect to symptomatology, 125 cases complained of dyspepsia with a prevalence of ulcer-like symptoms in both autonomous and associated erosions: in the remaining 17 patients hematemesis and melena were the main symptoms. The intake of alcohol and of coffee, as well as the smoking habit did not reveal any particular pattern in these cases, while the association with recent consumption of potentially mucolytic drugs was frequent. In addition, the last 38 cases of autonomous duodenal erosions were studied from the anatomo-functional point of view, revealing the presence of normochlorhydria in 42%, hyperchlorhydria in 47% and hypochlorhydria in 11%: in contrast, fasting gastrinemia was always within normal limits. The histological evaluation of the fundic mucosa showed normal patterns in 71% of the cases, superficial gastritis in 18%, and preatrophic gastritis in 11%. The parietal index was normal in 42% of the cases, high in 47% and low in 11%. The results would seem to suggest that duodenal erosions should be included in the wide spectrum of peptic pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Does malabsorption occur in chronic atrophic duodenitis?

Absorption behavior was studied in 6 patients with chronic atrophic duodenitis and compared with that observed in 6 cases of untreated celiac disease. The histobioptic study of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa showed that in atrophic duodenitis the lesions involve just one or two duodenal portions with normal jejunal mucosa: in contrast it was confirmed that in celiac disease atrophic lesions extended from the duodenal to the jejunal mucosa. From the clinical point of view, patients with chronic atrophic duodenitis do not show evidence of malabsorption while such phenomena occur consistently, even though in varied form, in celiac disease. The possible reason for this clinical behavior seems to be linked to the different extention of the histological damage in the two diseases. In conclusion, chronic atrophic atrophic duodenitis is a clinically autonomous entity as compared with gluten enteropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gastric mucus secretion in chronic gastritis.

We have studied gastric soluble mucus behaviour in 58 patients with histological evidence of chronic gastritis and without circumscribed lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopically demonstrated, compared with a control group of 8 normal subjects. As mucus secretion parameters, the protein component of mucosubstances, glucosamine, fucose, the free NANA and sulphate groups content were determined with biochemical methods. In cases of superficial gastritis, either diffuse or limited to fundus or to antrum with normal remaining mucosa, we have observed a significant decrease of fucomucines and a significant increase of sulphomucines compared with a control group, without significant quantitative variations of total soluble mucus. In cases of diffuse and limited atrophic gastritis there were more significant qualitative variations of soluble mucus characterized by a higher decrease of neutral mucosubstances with a high increase of the acid ones than in cases of superficial gastritis. Quantitative variations of total soluble mucus were present only in the situation of diffuse to fundus and antrum atrophic gastritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reflux gastritis and dysplasia.

In order to evaluate if duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is associated with a different frequency of gastric dysplasia in comparison with the absence of DGR. 40 dyspeptic patients were studied. Nineteen of them had scintigraphic evidence of the DGR, while in 21 DGR was absent. The obtained results demonstrate a higher frequency of antral gastritis in presence of DGR, while fundic gastritis is similarly represented in the two studied groups. Dysplasia of the mild type is observed in 1 case of fundic atrophic gastritis without DGR and in 3 cases of atrophic gastritis with DGR (1 in fundus and 2 in antrum), thus demonstrating that reflux gastritis is not strictly correlated with dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric mucosal atrophy--one and the same.

The differentiation between gastric mucosal atrophy and atrophic gastritis is studied by quantitatively evaluating inflammatory cell component in cases with pernicious anemia and chronic atrophic gastritis without anemia. Comparison of data from patients with fundic gastritis without anemia and in patients with pernicious anemia failed to reveal any significant difference in the inflammatory cell count in the epithelial layers or in the lamina propria.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Somatostatin and serum gastrin behaviour.

The effect of somatostatin (250 mcg. by i.v. bolus injection) on serum gastrin behaviour was studied in 12 dyspeptic subjects. In 6 of them, seven gastrin levels were determined in the basal conditions and after somatostatin injection. In the remaining 6 patients, the gastrinemic profile was evaluated after histamine injection (0.5 mg/i.m.) and after the injection of histamine plus somatostatin (24 h later). Gastric acid secretion was also determined in all the cases. The results obtained demonstrate that somatostatin reduces the gastrin release: this reduction appears 30 minutes after its administration and persists until the 60th minute: after the 75th minute the serum gastrin returns to the basal level. The contemporaneous injection of somatostatin and of histamine does not modify the gastrinemic profile as compared to what was observed in the basal condition or after histamine alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dyspepsia and chronic gastritis.

The histological pattern of fundic and antral mucosa was evaluated in endoscopically bioptic material obtained from 32 dyspeptic patients in the absence of circumscribed lesions of the stomach, duodenum, hepato-biliary area and pancreas, and in 30 asymptomatic controls. The data obtained failed to reveal any significant differences between the dyspeptic patients and the asymptomatic control group as regards the presence of chronic inflammatory alterations of the fundic or antral mucosa. Furthermore, the present findings reconfirmed the well-known progression with age, of the gastric inflammatory damage both in the antral and fundic area in the two groups considered without evidence of significant differences between them. Therefore, in conclusion dyspepsia "sine materia" does not have a histological pattern of chronic gastritis either of the fundus or of the antrum as its substrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oesophagitis in Italian and Hungarian asymptomatic subjects.

It is known that chronic inflammatory phenomena of the gastric mucosa fairly often occur in asymptomatic subjects. Starting from this fact, the authors decided to investigate possible non-symptomatic oesophageal inflammatory lesions referable to oesophagitis and any other digestive and/or systemic pathology. Furthermore it was also intended to ascertain the possible existence of geographical differences. 108 subjects, 65 Italians and 43 Hungarians, were studied. The endoscopic examination revealed congestion of the lower third of the oesophageal tract in 5 Italians out of 65, whereas all the Hungarians presented normal oesophageal findings. The histological examination showed inflammatory lesions in 13 Italians and 10 Hungarians. The incidence of lesions was higher in the fifth and the sixth decade of life. The results suggest that oesophageal inflammatory lesions are fairly frequent in asymptomatic subjects, with no significant differences between the two groups considered; the role of the histological bioptic investigation in the diagnosis of oesophageal inflammatory lesions is underlined.

Adolescent↗