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Biomedical subjects

R Chazan

Publications and source records attributed to R Chazan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Correlation of ECP levels in sputum and blood with parameters of airflow obstruction and hyperreactivity in patients with irreversible bronchial obstruction due to chronic bronchitis].

The aim of this study was to find if there was any correlation between the serum and sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentrations with the parameters of airflow obstruction as well as degree of bronchial hyperreactivity. 18 patients aged 40-75 years with irreversible bronchial obstruction (FEV1 > 0.61 or < 70% of the predicted value, FEV1%VC < 60%) without eosinophilia and high hyperreactivity (PC20 0.02 mg/ml -0.4 mg/ml) were examined. The FEV1 reversibility after 400 micrograms MDI salbutamol was 5-10%. ECP was measured by radioimmunosorbent assay using the ECP RIA kit (Pharmacia). The range of the standard curve was 2-100 micrograms ECP/L, while all assays were run in duplicate. The bronchial challenge was performed with histamine. The challenge was stopped when the FEV1 had decreased by > 20%. Serum ECP concentrations ranged from 0.0001-0.063 mg/ml, whereas sputum ECP concentrations were between 0.0002-1.84 mg per g sputum. There was no correlation between sputum and serum ECP concentrations and the degree of hyperreactivity and were not related to the parameters of hyperreactivity and were not related to the parameters of airway obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Increasing serum creatinine and age reduce the response to hepatitis B vaccine in renal failure patients.

The relationship between diminished response to hepatitis B vaccine in renal failure patients and serum creatinine level, age and other factors is unknown. The immune response of patients with renal failure of varying severity to hepatitis B vaccine was determined in this study. Sixty-eight patients with renal failure of varying severity who were negative for hepatitis B markers received four doses of hepatitis B vaccine, and anti-HBs titers were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12 months. Maximum anti-HBs titers were seen at 8 months. At this time 86% of patients with creatinine < or = 4 mg/dl but only 37% with creatinine > 4.0 mg/dl had a protective titer of > or = 10 mIU/ml (p < 0.002). Age was inversely related to anti-HBs titer (p = 0.045) and was independent of serum creatinine in predicting antibody response. We conclude that all patients with chronic renal failure should be immunized against hepatitis B as early as possible in the development of their disease, to ensure maximum response, and to minimize the effects of elevated serum creatinine and increasing age.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of salbutamol on left ventricular function and selected biochemical parameters in patients with bronchial asthma].

Many authors link increased mortality in course of bronchial asthma (BA) with the administration of excessive doses of beta-2 agonists, one of the causes considered being their cardiotoxic effect. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5 mg intravenous bolus of salbutamol (S) on left ventricular (LV) function assessed by echocardiography and on the selected biochemical parameters: the activity of creatinine kinase (CK) and its cardiac specific isoenzyme (CK-MB), potassium (K+) and free fatty acids (FFA) serum concentration as well as partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2). The studied group consisted of 16 patients (pts)--12 males and 4 females, aged 36-60 yrs, mean 49.0 +/- 7 yrs with BA and moderate airway obstruction (FEV1%VC--60 +/- 7%). Pts with cardiac disorders were excluded from the study. Echocardiographic examination was performed before and 30 min after S injection. Biochemical determinations were carried out at 5 min., 30 min, 2 h, and 4 h following S administration. We found mean HR increase by 20 beats per min (p < 0.001) and mean systolic blood pressure elevation by 19 mmHg at 30 min (p < 0.001) after S. It was accompanied by significant increase of cardiac output (CO) from 5.7 +/- 1.5 to 8.4 +/- 1.8 l/min (p < 0.001) and mean rate of circumferential shortening (mVcf) from 1.48 +/- 0.27 to 1.88 +/- 0.43 (circ/sec), p < 0.01. Stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF%), fractional shortening of LV (FS%) increased nonsignificantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of the influence of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol on activity of phosphocreatine kinase (CK) and isoenzyme CK-MB].

The effect of salbutamol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist versus ipratropium bromide anticholinergic agent on creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in serum of 20 asthmatic patients was investigated. Twenty asthmatic subjects (12 males and 8 females) were studied. They were aged 45 +/- 5 years and had moderate airway obstruction FEV1 was 65 +/- 7 and FEV1% VC 64 +/- 6 of predicted value. Venous blood was obtained before and 30 min and 2 h after two puffs of salbutamol (200 micrograms) or ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms). Total creatinine activity was assayed on a Technico RA-1000 analyzer with the IFCC recommended method. CK-MB activity was determined using a centrifugal analyzer (Cobas Fera, Roche Switzerland). Reagent kits were provided by Boehringer Mannheim Germany. We observed statistically significant increase of CK-activity in three subjects and found increase of CK-MB activity in five patients after salbutamol inhalation. Mean serum CK-MB activity before treatment was 13.0 +/- 8 UI/l, 14 +/- 5 IU/l after 30 min of drug inhalation and after 2 h 19 +/- 6 IU/l, but it was not significant. We did not found any changes after ipratropium bromide. We conclude that salbutamol exerts an influence on cardiac muscle and it is probably connected with adrenergic stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of intravenous infusions of theophylline on cardiac arrhythmias and activity of creatinine kinase CK-MB in patients with airway obstruction].

The effect of intravenous theophylline upon the activity of creatinine kinase (CK) and its cardiac specific isoenzyme compound (CK-MB) and the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was evaluated in 12 patients with bronchial asthma and spastic bronchitis. The patients were receiving an intravenous infusion of theophylline for three days. On the first day twice (400 mg and 300 mg) and subsequently, 400 mg once daily over 30 minutes. Measurements of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) were obtained prior to theophylline administration, immediately after the infusion and at 1, 3 and 6 hours while serum theophylline levels were determined at the same time by enzyme immunoassay. Continuous 24-h Holter monitoring the electrocardiogram was performed. CK-MB elevation was observed related to the theophylline infusion. The CK-MB activity prior to theophylline administration was 10.87 +/- 5.2 units and 24.9 +/- 13.4 units at 5 min after termination of the infusion. The elevation was sustained until the end of the observation period, being 29.4 +/- 17 units at 1 hour, 27.95 +/- 12.1 units at 3 hours and 34.9 +/- 13.9 at 6 hours. On the third day of the study, although theophylline had been withheld for 24 hours the baseline CK-MB levels were found to be higher than on day 1, at 14.35 +/- 5.35 (the difference, however, was not statistically significant) and the activity increased after each theophylline infusion (21.7 +/- 6.7 units, 22.5 +/- 5.7 units, 23.6 +/- 5.5 units and 28.2 +/- 7.3 units respectively). No statistically significant differences in CK activity were found. In most patients the heart rate was accelerated during the theophylline infusion and four patients developed clinically silent ventricular arrhythmias obviously related to the infusion. In one patient a five-hour long bout of atrial fibrillation, which resolved spontaneously was observed. No changes were found in the ST-T segment. The ventricular arrhythmias correlated with the increased activity of CK-MB and were related to the serum theophylline levels. The study confirms a potential cardiotoxic effect of intravenous theophylline with a resultant requirement of careful adjustment of doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in serum before and after intravenous salbutamol administration of patients with bronchial asthma.

The effect of salbutamol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist, on creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in serum of 20 asthmatic patients was investigated. Venous blood was obtained 30 min, 2 h and 4 h after 0.5 mg salbutamol intravenous injection of 0.5 mg salbutamol. Total creatine kinase activity was assayed on a Technico RA-1000 analyzer with the IFCC recommended method. CK-MB activity was determined using a centrifugal analyzer (Cobas Fera, Roche, Switzerland). Reagent kits were provided by Boehringer Mannheim (FRG). We observed no increase of CK-activity after salbutamol, and found a statistically significant increase of CK-MB activity. Serum CK-MB activity before treatment was 13 +/- 10/IU/l after 30 minutes drug, 31.8 +/- 19 IU/l after 2 h 27.2 +/- 17.79 and after 4 h 22.6 +/- 12 IU/l. We conclude that salbutamol exerts a cardiotoxic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

In vitro and in vivo effect of salbutamol on histamine release from human basophils.

The effect of salbutamol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist, on immunological release of histamine from leukocytes isolated from blood of 14 allergic, asthmatic patients, was investigated after in vivo or in vitro drug administration. Simultaneously, the effect of this drug on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was estimated. Histamine was assayed by the single isotope-enzymatic method. Obtained results have confirmed that salbutamol is a rather poor inhibitor of histamine release from basophils. Although both administered salbutamol doses (0.5 or 1 mg, i.v.) significantly increased PEFR (p less than 0.01), inhibitory effect on histamine release by allergen was seen only after higher dose administration in vivo (p less than 0.01 against control). Similarly, a small but significant decrease in histamine release by both concanavalin A (by 20%, p less than 0.01) and allergen (by 30%, p less than 0.025) was seen in vitro after incubation of leukocytes with 8 x 10(-6) mol/l salbutamol, whereas 4 x 10(-7) mol/l salbutamol was without effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacodynamics of salbutamol in humans.

Twenty patients with mild chronic bronchial asthma (females and males between 45-69 years old) treated with single dose of 0.5 mg at 1 ml of salbutamol were investigated. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and plasma concentration or glucose, potassium and non-esterified fatty acids-NEFA, and salbutamol plasma levels were recorded at the same time before and 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after salbutamol injection. Decrease in heart rate, blood systolic pressure and metabolic changes correlated with the salbutamol plasma level. Increase in PEFR was elevated much longer.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hepatitis B infections in a chronic hemodialysis unit in a country where hepatitis B is endemic: a prospective study.

Hepatitis B markers were determined in patients with chronic renal failure and in staff members prior to entry into the hemodialysis unit of a hospital in southern Israel, an area in which hepatitis B is endemic. Patients and staff who were negative for hepatitis B markers were followed for a mean of 26.7 and 29.2 months, respectively, between November 1975 and May 1984. New infections occurred in 25.9% of the patients and 17.3% of the staff; the difference was not statistically significant. Hepatitis B markers were found in 26% of the staff and 41% of the patients (p less than 0.05) prior to their entry into the hemodialysis unit. Furthermore, in the patients, a relatively high rate of carriers was detected (7% compared with 2% in the general population), while no carriers were detected among the staff members. Within the staff group, nurses were at particularly high risk for new infections, accounting for seven of the nine (78%) events recorded. The high risk for the nursing staff is probably due to greater exposure to blood among nurses compared with other staff members.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1985

Changes in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels after salbutamol.

Administration of salbutamol--in a single dose of 0.5 mg i.v. and in a dose of 8 mg twice daily during two weeks--was associated with an increase of HDL-cholesterol concentration in the serum of patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airway obstruction. At the end of the second week of oral treatment with salbutamol, the HDL-cholesterol concentration in serum increased by 6.9% (p less than 0.01).

Albuterol↗