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Biomedical subjects

R Chazan

Publications and source records attributed to R Chazan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Extracellular components of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as markers of interstitial pulmonary disease activity. II. Phospholipid concentration].

Phospholipids found in the alveolar space come from the surfactant which is produced by type II pneumocytes and whose surplus is eliminated from lungs by macrophages. In 188 patients with interstitial pulmonary diseases bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Phospholipids from the supernatant of BALF were extracted using of Folch method and their concentration was measured colorimetrically assaying inorganic phosphorus after prior mineralization by Fiske-Subbarov method. The persons were divided into 7 groups: active sarcoidosis, inactive sarcoidosis, avian fancier's lung in the period of contact with the antigen, and after stopping the contact with the antigen, advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and a control group of healthy persons. Apart from that, the patients were divided into untreated and treated with corticosteroids. In every group of patients we have noticed increased concentration and total amount of phospholipids in BALF. Particularly distinct increase of the total number of phospholipids in BALF in pulmonary fibrosis was observed. However, this parameter does not permit to estimate disease activity in interstitial lung disease. Corticotherapy increases phospholipids concentration in BALF in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and avian fancier's lung but decreases in sarcoidosis patients.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

[Theophylline--anti-inflammatory drug].

Since many years the theophylline have been noted for their bronchodilator properties. Several studies have indicated an inhibitory action of theophylline on the late response following allergen challenge and his effect was demonstrated at lower plasma levels then the so called therapeutic range of 10-20 micrograms/ml. There is now evidence to suggest that theophylline has anti-inflammatory actions. It has been recently reported that low dose of theophylline reduces the number of activated eosinophils found in bronchial biopsies and decreases the number of activated CD.4-lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. It was detected that neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes exclusively contain PDE-IV. In lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages PDE IV and PDE-III are present in different amounts and ratios. Functional studies comparing the influence of mono-selective (rolipram-PDE-IV; motopizone PDE-III) dual-selective (zardaverine) and non-selective (theophylline) on cell activation considered the participation of PDE isoenzymes present in the respective cells. In mast cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes and eosinophils PDE-IV appears to be the predominant isoenzyme and inhibits cell activation and secretion. PDE-IV is also involved in inhibition of mediator release from epithelial cells and neuropeptides from sensory nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Atenolol in the treatment of patients with airway obstruction].

Tachycardia in the asthmatics and bronchitis patients is very frequently observed. Atenolol-beta 1 selective beta-blockers, have little lipophilicity and intrinsic sympathetic activity and relatively long acting. It is known that atenolol more then other beta-adrenergics decreases frequency of cardiac rhythm even in a doses which have not antiarrhythmic nor hypotensive action. Atenolol effect on airways resistance was studied in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma determining the heart rate, pulse and atrial blood pressure and the vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1%VC), value of maximal expiratory flow at 50% of VC(MEF50) thoracic gas volume (TGV) and bronchial resistance (Rt). A statistically significant difference in the measurements of heart rate and pulse but no rise of the airways resistance after 25-50 mg atenolol per day was observed.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment with salmeterol and quality of life in patients with asthma].

The aim of this study was to assess an influence of 4-week treatment with salmeterol on quality of life in asthmatic patients. It was a double blind, placebo controlled study. On the first visit spirometer parameters and PC20H were measured. Within one week of observation all patients recorded scores of asthma symptoms and after that time 22 patients were randomised to the treatment with salmeterol or placebo. On the fourth visit 4-week salmeterol or placebo therapy was finished and all parameters were carried out as on the first visit. Symptoms severity recorded in diary cards was reduced after 4-week of salmeterol therapy. Four week treatment with salmeterol did not change PC20H. Treatment with salmeterol reduced severity of asthma symptoms and use of short-acting beta 2-agonists. The reduction of asthma severity and the use of bronchodilators was more pronounced in the group of patients treated with salmeterol than in the placebo group, but the differences were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The patient as moral agent in psychotherapy.

Psychotherapists may be uncertain whether the morality of the patient is their concern. Philosophically, we can distinguish between two kinds of morality: relativistic and universal. Relativistic morality is concerned with the conventions of a particular society and is authoritarian in nature. Universal morality is common to all humanity and is innate and autonomous. We can identify the two kinds of morality in psychological theory, representing stages of development. Psychoanalysis may facilitate a movement from authoritarian (relativistic) to autonomous (universal) morality. I shall argue that universal morality is relevant in psychotherapy. On the other hand, the therapist might help patients to question and reconsider their adherence to conventional codes.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Beta 2-mimetics--mechanism of action and their place in treatment of bronchospastic states].

Beta 2-agonists have been widely recommended for the treatment of acute asthma attacks and they have also been used in the maintenance treatment of asthma, as a second stage treatment when the patients requires a higher level of control than can be provided by the use of bronchodilator on demand. This maintenance use has been questioned however, as some studies have suggested deteriorating asthma control in patients receiving regular treatment with beta 2-agonists compared to their use only on demand. Recently some studies of limited numbers of asthma patients have indicated that regular inhalation of short-acting beta 2-agonists may slightly increase bronchial responsiveness. Most studies however have failed to identify such an effect, which, if it exists, may be of little clinical significance. International Consensus Reports, that regularly scheduled be kept to a minimum. When there is a need for regular daily bronchodialator treatment, a steroid inhaler should be ordered.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of salmeterol on the number of hypodense eosinophils, eosinophilic cationic protein levels ECP in serum, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and lung function test in patients with bronchial asthma].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to compare the influence of salmeterol xinofoate on blood hypodense eosinophil numbers ECP level in serum and sputum, and on lung function tests (VC, FEV1), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PC20) Lung function tests (FEV1, VC), bronchial histamine challenge (PC20) and measurements of hypodense eosinophils number and ECP level in sputum and serum were done before two and six weeks after treatment with 50 micrograms salmeterol twice daily. Hypodense eosinophils were measured by Kuo et all, ECP by radioimmunosorbent assay using ECP RIA kit Pharmacia. Normal range of ECP is 2.3-15 micrograms/L Hyperreactivity by standard bronchial provocation techniques. The lung function tests (VC, FEV1, FEV1%VC) were measured with Pneumoscreen. RESULT: Eosinophil number decrease after treatment: 42.7 +/- 18.3 before vs 23.4 +/- 8.7 after. ECP level had decreased in serum 53 +/- 24 micrograms/L before and 32 +/- 12 micrograms/L after 2 weeks and 36 +/- 13 micrograms/L after 6 weeks: in sputum 2345 +/- 489 micrograms/g before and 1342 +/- 894 micrograms/g after 2 weeks 1741 micrograms/g after 6 weeks. Lung function tests had improved during the observation and hyperresponsiveness had decreased (0.08 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml before 0.24 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml after 2 week sand 0.4 +/- 0.16 after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: ECP in serum and sputum in asthmatic patients is higher then in normal patients. Salmeterol improved lung function tests, decreased bronchial responsiveness, decreased hypodense eosinophils number and ECP concentration in serum and sputum. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This date suggested that salmeterol modified bronchial responsiveness and protected the bronchial inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of an isotonic solution of theophylline 300 on eosinophil cationic protein levels].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to compare the influence of theophylline 300 on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)level in serum in asthmatic patients Theophylline was given twice a day. Measurements of ECP in serum and lung function tests (PEF) were done before and at the first and fifth day after treatment Theophylline concentration were measured before and after treatment on the first injection and second injection at the first and the fifth day. ECP in serum was measured by radioimmunosorbent assay using ECP RIA kit Pharmacia. Concentration of theophylline by Emit Theophylline Assay Syva Company. The lung function test (PEF) were measured with Wright Peak flowmeter RESULT: ECP level had decreased in serum 37 + 15 micrograms/l before vs 30 + 12 micrograms/l on the first day and 17 + 9 micrograms/l on the fifth day of observation Lung function tests had improved during the observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical evaluation of the isotonic solution of theophylline for intravenous injection].

The safety and tolerance of intravenous theophylline in asthmatic patients was investigated. The effect upon the lung function tests and frequency of cardiac arrhythmias were evaluated in 15 patients after five days treatment with theophylline 300 mg twice a day. Measurements of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) were obtained prior to theophylline administration, immediately after first intravenous infusion and 1.3 and 6 hours later and before and after second infusion, while serum theophylline levels were determined at the same time by enzyme immunoassay (Diagnostica Merc). The same measurements were made at the fifth day of observation. Continuous 24 hour Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram before the study and at the fifth day of the treatment was performed. Biochemical investigations included aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (GGTPi GOT), sodium and potassium ion concentrations, serum levels of creatinine, glucose and bilirubin hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, MCHC, red blood cells count and white blood cell differential count were determined. The therapeutic concentration of theophylline in serum were found in all subject treated with theophylline 300 mg twice a day. The improvement in lung function and no changes in cardiac rhythm were observed the biochemical findings did not demonstrate any significant differences after five days of the study. The study confirm safety and good tolerance of intravenous theophylline used in the doses 300 mg twice a day.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Atenolol in treatment of patients with airway obstruction].

It is well known that beta-2-blockers are contraindicated for patients with bronchial hyperactivity. Author discusses the clinical observations in relation to treatment with atenolol in circulatory system pathology.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Cardiac arrhythmias as a result of intravenous infusions of theophylline in patients with airway obstruction.

The effect of intravenous theophylline upon the activity of creatinine kinase (CK) and its cardiac specific isoenzyme (CK-MB) and the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias were evaluated in 12 patients with bronchial asthma and spastic bronchitis. Measurements of the peak expiratory flow (PEF) were obtained prior to theophylline administration, immediately after the infusion and at 1, 3 and 6 hours, while serum theophylline levels were determined at the same time by enzyme immunoassay. Continuous 24-hour Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram before the study and at the first day of the investigations was performed. CK-MB elevation was observed relating to the theophylline infusion. The CK-MB activity prior to theophylline administration was 10.87 +/- 5.2 units and 24.9 +/- 13.4 units at 5 minutes after termination of the infusion. The elevation lasted until the end of the observation period, being 29.4 +/- 17 units at 1 hour, 27.95 +/- 12.1 units at 3 hours and 34.9 +/- 13.9 at 6 hours. No statistically significant differences in CK activity were found. In most patients the heart rate was accelerated during the theophylline infusion and 4 patients developed clinically silent ventricular arrhythmias obviously related to the infusion. In one patient a 5-hour long bout of atrial fibrillation, which resolved spontaneously, was observed. No changes were found in the ST-T segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome--OSAS].

22 patients with (OSAS) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were divided into two groups: patients with OSAS and without arterial hypertension, and OSAS with hypertension. The effect of CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) on the left ventricular function was evaluated using 2D and Doppler echocardiography. Systolic left ventricular function (ejection fraction) was normal in all patients. The decrease in peak mitral flow velocity during early diastole E (m/sec), the increase of atrio-systolic contraction A (m/sec), the increase in E/A and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was observed in the both groups at the beginning of the study. After three month treatment with CPAP the increase in the ratio E/A, 1.38 + 0.23 m/sec vs 0.98 + 0.28 (p < 0.05) and a reduction in IVRT, 79 + 6.8 milisec vs 91.3 + 6.3 (p < 0.05) in the group with OSAS and hypertension was observed. In the group with OSAS and without hypertension only a statistically significant reduction in IVRT was observed, 77.8 + 5.4 vs 83.7 + 5.15 milisec p < 0.05.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Concentration of sialic acid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in selected interstitial pulmonary diseases].

Sialic acid is a component of cell membranes and it can take part in immunological processes with lymphocytes and neutrophiles. In the present work the concentration of sialic acid in BALF in selected interstitial pulmonary disease was studied (in sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, avian fanciers lung) and compared with the control group of healthy persons. The investigations were repeated during the observations. The patients were divided into active and inactive groups. The analysis included the results in 187 patients divided into 9 groups. Sialic acid was measured with colorimetric method with the use of Ehrlich's reagent. The growth of sialic acid concentration in supernatant of BALF was observed in the studied diseases. The increase of sialic acid occurs in inflammatory processes especially those with neutrophiles. The correlation of acid concentration with the percentage or the total number of lymphocytes in BALF was observed. It is specific that the concentration of sialic acid in BALF in patients with avian fanciers lung keeps growing even after the contact with the antigen was discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of 16-week use of salmeterol on ECP levels, pulmonary function tests and bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

The aim of the study was to compare the influence of salmeterol on lung function tests (VC, FEV1), bronchial hyperreactivity (PC20) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level in serum and in sputum in 10 patients with COPD. FEV1 was less than or equal 70% of predicted values but greater than 0.6 L. FEV1%VC less or equal 60% (reversibility after 200 micrograms salbutamol between 5-15%. Patients were treated with 2 x 50 micrograms salmeterol for 16 weeks. Lung function test didn't change during the observation but hyperreactivity had decreased (0.08 + 0.1 microgram/ml before, 0.24 + 0.2 microgram/ml after 4 weeks and 0.4 + 0.16 microgram/ml after 16 weeks) ECP level had decreased in serum (53 +/- 24 micrograms/l before, 32 +/- 12 micrograms/l after 4 weeks and 36 +/- 13 micrograms/l after 16 weeks) and in sputum (2345 +/- 789 micrograms/g before 1342 +/- 894 micrograms/g after 4 weeks, 1742 mu 698 micrograms/g after 16 weeks). We concluded that salmeterol didn't change lung function test but decreased bronchial hyperreactivity and decreased ECP level in serum and sputum.

Albuterol↗