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Biomedical subjects

R Campos

Publications and source records attributed to R Campos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants.

European American, Japanese, and Chinese 11-month-olds participated in emotion-inducing laboratory procedures. Facial responses were scored with BabyFACS, an anatomically based coding system. Overall, Chinese infants were less expressive than European American and Japanese infants. On measures of smiling and crying, Chinese infants scored lower than European American infants, whereas Japanese infants were similar to the European American infants or fell between the two other groups. Results suggest that differences in expressivity between European American and Chinese infants are more robust than those between European American and Japanese infants and that Chinese and Japanese infants can differ significantly. Cross-cultural differences were also found for some specific brow, cheek, and midface facial actions (e.g., brows lowered). These are discussed in terms of current controversies about infant affective facial expressions.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) mobilized with G-CSF in AML in first complete remission. Role of intensification therapy in outcome.

In order to determine if peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) collected after priming with G-CSF in AML in first complete remission (CR) can be used for autologous transplantation and to evaluate the efficacy of early intensification therapy as in vivo purging, we studied 35 consecutive patients with AML in first CR. After standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy, 24 of them were treated with one (10 patients) or two (14 patients) cycles of high-dose cytarabine plus etoposide prior to PBSC collection. G-CSF was used as the priming agent. Of the 35 patients scheduled for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), three relapsed before transplantation, and the 32 remaining underwent PBSCT. High-dose therapy consisted of either total body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide or busulphan plus cyclophosphamide. The median number of CD34+ cells infused was 3.24 x 10(6)/kg (range 0.15-14). The median times to reach a PMN count of 0.5 x 10(9)/l and a platelet count of 50 x 10(9)/l were 12 (8-28) and 30 (11-345) days, respectively. There was no transplant-related mortality. Twelve patients relapsed between 2 and 21 months post-PBSCT. With a median follow-up of 28 months, actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) is 52.41 +/- 9% in the intent-to-treat group and 57.4 +/- 9.8% in patients who underwent PBSCT. The probability of DFS is significantly higher for patients who receive early intensification therapy prior to both PBSC collection and PBSCT as compared with patients that do not: 68.8 +/- 10.27% vs 35.5 +/- 12.6%, P = 0.0418. These results indicate the feasibility of PBSCT in AML using G-CSF-mobilized PBSC. The use of intensification treatment as 'purging in vivo' prior both to collection of PBSC and PBSCT significantly reduces the risk of relapse in this group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Three forms of somatization presenting in primary care settings in Spain.

The objective of this paper is to study the prevalence and clinical characteristics of functional, hypochondriacal, and presenting somatization (FSTS, HSTS, and PSTS, respectively) defined by standardized criteria, as well as the validity of their distinction in primary care in Spain. A two-stage epidemiological study of a representative sample (N = 1559) of primary care patients was carried out. In the first phase, the validated Spanish versions of General Health Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, and CAGE were used. In the second phase, the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an interview for the multiaxial assessment of medical patients, was employed. The prevalence of any form of somatization in Spain was 21.3% (FSTS: 16.2%, PSTS: 9.4%, HSTS: 6.7%). Overlap of any of the three clinical forms was very frequent (42.7%). FSTS patients tended to be more chronic and showed higher scores in fatigue but lower scores in both depression and anxiety. Chronicity was frequent among somatizers, particularly in those who fulfilled more than one kind of somatization. Differences in diagnostic distribution among the three groups were also observed. In conclusion, this is the first study giving support to the validity of the distinction among three types of somatization in Spain, but overlap was more frequent than reported in North American studies.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1998

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in two different pediatric populations from Argentina.

Differences in pathogenesis and the probability of becoming a chronic carrier depend on the age at which hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is acquired, ranging from 82% in infants less than 6 months of age to 15 to 30% in older children. HBV genotypes from 22 pediatric patients from two areas that differ in prevalence have been determined. Phylogenetic analysis shows a clear difference between the genotype distribution in Buenos Aires, a low-prevalence area, and that found in Gualeguay, Entre Ríos, a high-prevalence area. While the analysis allocated the sequences in the Buenos Aires group to genotypes A (36%), D (9%), and F (55%), the Gualeguay group presented exclusively genotype A isolates with very low nucleotide divergence, which suggests a strong founder viral population. The high prevalence of genotype F in the Buenos Aires group and its high intragroup heterogeneity agree with the American origin of this genotype.

Argentina↗
PubMed1998

Atherosclerotic lesions, myocardial damage and lipidograms: a multiarterial study applying an atherometric system and canonical correlation.

472 autopsy subjects were examined with the following aims: to study the association pattern of atherosclerotic lesions between different arterial sectors, the impact of serum lipid disorders (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and triglycerides were analyzed) and the association pattern between the atherosclerotic lesions in different arterial sectors and the degree of heart damage. For morphometric analysis of the vessels (aorta, circle of Willis, coronary, renal, iliac, and femoral arteris) the atherometric system was used. The most relevant results were as follows: the lipid disorders show their greatest impact in the heart, coronary and femoral arteries and abdominal aorta, whereas the strongest correlations between the atherosclerotic lesions in different arterial sectors were found in those with anatomical continuity.

Arteries↗
PubMed1997

Characteristic in vitro evolution pattern of foot and mouth disease virus A81/Castellanos/Arg/87.

The in vitro evolution of Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) A/81/Castellanos/Arg/87 (A/Castellanos/87) was studied by partial biological and biochemical characterization of viral populations selected after 25 passages on secondary fetal bovine kidney cell monolayers. These passages were performed in the presence or absence of immune pressure exerted in the form of antiviral polyclonal serum. While the viral populations passaged in the absence of immune pressure acquired characteristics such as antigenic heterogeneity, VP1 amino acid modification and plaque size reduction, the populations selected after immune pressure also presented both neutralizing resistance and attenuation for suckling mice. The comparison with other previously studied FMDV strains suggests that FMDV A/Castellanos/87 adopts a differential response to immunological pressure and other selective forces. In addition, the sequencing analysis of viral selected populations shows a restriction in the number and type of amino acid replacements tolerated by FMDV capsid proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Attribution in somatizers: stability and relationship to outcome at 1-year follow-up. Grupo Morbilidad Psiquica y Psicosomática de Zaragoza (GMPPZ).

The aim of this study was to determine whether attributional style is a stable pattern in somatizers, to analyse the sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics that can modify it, and to study the relationship between attributional pattern and outcome. A total of 147 somatizers and 46 psychologizers from a representative sample (n = 1559) of primary care patients in Zaragoza, Spain were followed up for 1 year. Attribution of somatic symptoms was a stable construct in somatizers. Patients who modified attribution were younger (by 15 years on average), tended to be without a partner, and had a shorter illness duration (by 20 months on average) than those who maintained it. Attribution showed no correlation with outcome at the 1-year follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Health services research on mental health in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: The article seeks to provide an international perspective on the facilitating role of health services research in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in primary care. It builds on Goldberg and Huxley's model describing pathways to mental care for the psychiatrically ill in the community. METHOD: Seventy studies were selected for review by Medline search, sixteen studies by contacting prominent researchers in the field. All studies are discussed more or less extensively. RESULTS: Case identification strategies including screening tools and diagnostic modules have been developed. Other strategies include educational training programs and psychiatric consultation services designed to facilitate psychopharmacological and other types of treatment of psychiatric disorders in primary care. Several models for the linkage of primary care and specialty mental health providers are discussed, and a primary care psychiatry programme is examined. CONCLUSION: Better psychiatric training of general practitioners (GPs), on-site consultation, and better communication between mental health professionals and GPs can improve the recognition, management, and referral of psychiatrically ill primary care patients. The further development of guidelines focusing on anxiety disorders, somatization, subthreshold disorders, and effectiveness in primary care is recommended.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1997

[Immune response against modified low-density lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Low density lipoproteins are considered a key factor in the formation of atheroma and the immune system has an important contribution to this process. AIM: To quantify the immune response against modified low density lipoproteins in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: LDLs obtained from blood of healthy subjects, were glycated or altered with malondialdehyde and used as antigens. Serum autoantibodies against these LDLs were measured by ELISA in 22 patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus aged 46 to 67 years old and 13 healthy controls aged 41 to 65 years old. Basal and LDL stimulated tumor necrosis factor a production in vitro, by peripheral leukocytes of diabetics and controls was also measured. RESULTS: The ratio of glycated LDL/native LDL antibodies was higher in diabetics than in controls (9.37 +/- 2.72 and 0.41 +/- 0.11 respectively p < 0.05) and the ratio of MDA modified LDL/native LDL antibodies was not significantly different (8.64 +/- 3.83 and 2.14 +/- 1.26 respectively, NS). Tumor necrosis or production by leukocytes was higher in diabetics than in controls in basal conditions (53.3 +/- 15.3 and 26.9 +/- 14.7 arbitrary units (a.u.) respectively), when stimulated with native LDL (46.5 +/- 5 and 24.3 +/- 9.4 a.u. respectively), when stimulated with malondialdehyde modified LDL (50 +/- 16.2 and 24.4 +/- 7.7 a.u. respectively) or when stimulated with glycated LDL (38.3 +/- 8.8 and 14.4 +/- 7.5 a.u. respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients have an enhanced immune response against low density lipoproteins, factor that could contribute to the accelerated atherogenesis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Screening of somatization disorder: validation of the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza test.

The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test for Somatization Disorder. We have designed a validity study using the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an instrument specifically designed to diagnose psychiatric morbidity in medical settings as the 'golden rule'. The control group displayed 'functional' and 'presenting' somatization. The Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test, with a threshold of three symptoms, shows 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity and a misclassification rate of 17%. It is concluded that Othmer and DeSouza's screening test, with a threshold of three symptoms, is a useful tool for the diagnosis of somatization disorder in medical and primary care settings in Spain. Discrepancies with US findings are discussed on a cross-cultural basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Somatisation in primary care in Spain: I. Estimates of prevalence and clinical characteristics. Working Group for the Study of the Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Morbidity in Zaragoza.

BACKGROUND: This is the first attempt to study the prevalence and clinical characteristics of somatisation (ST) in a representative primary care sample in Spain. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1559 consecutive patients attending eight randomly selected health centres in Zaragoza, Spain, examined by two-phase screening. First phase (lay interviewers): Spanish versions of GHQ-28, CAGE questionnaire, substance abuse, Mini-Mental State Examination. Second phase (research clinicians and psychiatrists): Standardised Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, which permits the reliable coding of Bridges & Goldberg's ST criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of somatisers was 9.4% (34.5% of the cases) and most patients (68.7%) were diagnosed in the depression or anxiety DSM-IV categories. The severity was moderate in 401% and 66.6% were chronic (six or more months). No significant demographic differences were found with non-cases. Backache was the most frequent somatic presentation (71.4+%). CONCLUSIONS: ST in primary care is a much broader phenomenon than categories such as somatoform disorders reflect. It may be less influenced by sociodemographic factors, but more chronic than previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Somatisation in primary care in Spain: II. Differences between somatisers and psychologisers. Working Group for the Study of the Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Morbidity in Zaragoza.

BACKGROUND: This study is the first attempt to document the differences between somatisers (STs) and psychologisers (PGs) in Spanish primary care patients. METHOD: A sample of 1559 consecutive patients attending eight randomly selected health centres in Zaragoza, were examined in a two-phase screening using Spanish versions of GH-28, CAGE questionnaire, substance abuse, MMSE and SPPI. STs and PGs were diagnosed according to operationalised Bridges & Goldberg's criteria. RESULTS: ST was found to be three times more prevalent than PG, but the ratio ST: PG was highest (10.5) in the DSM-IV category dysthymia. Generalised anxiety disorder was the most frequent diagnosis in STs and major depressive episode the most frequent in PGs. No significant differences between the two groups have been found in demographic characteristics. Total GHQ scores were significantly higher in PGs, but global SPPI scores were not. Most psychopathological scores were higher in PGs, but both somatic symptoms and suspiciousness were higher in STs. The psychopathological findings are consistent with hypotheses related to blame avoidance and defensiveness in STs. CONCLUSIONS: ST is three times more prevalent than PG, but the ratio ST: PG depends heavily on diagnostic categories. While most psychopathological scores are higher in PGs, both patient groups are similarly disturbed. Previously assumed socio-demographic differences between STs and PGs have not been found in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Somatization disorders in primary care: differential clinical aspects. Study Group of Psychic and Psychosomatic Morbidity of Zaragoza, Primary Care Section].

BACKGROUND: To identify specific sociodemographic and psychopathological features of somatization disorder (SD) patients in relation to other patients with psychiatric and organic morbidity in primary care (PC) setting. METHODS: A group of SD patients from PC was compared with other two control groups: the first one made of patients with psychiatric morbidity (with or without organic disease) and the second group of patients with only organic disease without psychiatric morbidity. Polivalent standardized psychiatric interview (PSPI), a specific psychiatric interview for PC settings, was used as diagnostic instrument. RESULTS: 1) there is a female predominance in SD statistically significant compared with organic patients and with a trend to significance in relation to psychiatric patients. Age, marital status and educational level show no significant differences among the groups; 2) in relation to psychopathology, SD patients show, in relation with organic patients, statistically higher levels in all items measured by PSPI. On the contrary, SD overwhelmed psychiatric patients in just four items: somatic symptoms, fatigue, reported anxiety and hystrionism as well as sexual problems and lack of social support, and 3) high psychiatric morbidity (85%) in SD, most of them affective and anxiety diagnosis, make it difficult to differentiate from the other patients suffering from psychiatric morbidity in PC. CONCLUSION: Patients with SD show a very different profile compared with those with organic disease in relation to psychiatric symptoms and social problems. On the other hand, when compared with patients with psychiatric disorders, differences are rather scarce. In addition, affective and anxiety comorbidity associated make it difficult the diagnosis. For this reason, the use of screening instruments for SD seems mandatory.

Adult↗