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Biomedical subjects

R Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to R Campbell.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Failure of trasylol to reduce intestinal content of trypsin and chymotrypsin in man.

The daily output of trypsin and chymotrypsin was measured in the stools of four patients with an established ileostomy under controlled dietary and metabolic conditions for a control period of four days. Trasylol, given intravenously in a dose of 500,000 units over eight hours, failed to affect the output of enzymes over the next two days, or to alter the distribution of bound and soluble enzymes.

Aprotinin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total parenteral nutrition during acute pancreatitis: clinical experience with 156 patients.

Over a 3-year period, 156 of 815 patients admitted to a single institution with acute pancreatitis received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 2,572 patient days. Seventy had "simple" acute pancreatitis (group I) and 86 (group II) developed local complex disease (pseudocyst, abscess, or necrotic gland). In groups I and II, respectively, days without oral intake (NPO) were 13.6 +/- 1.5 (SEM) and 24.0 +/- 2.1 (p less than 0.005), hospital days were 19.8 +/- 1.7 and 35.8 +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.005), and duration of TPN was 10.9 +/- 1.0 and 21.0 +/- 2.3 days (p less than 0.005). Thirty-three patients in group I and 53 in group II required exogenous insulin. Alteration of standard formulas was necessary in 87 patients, but cessation of therapy was necessary in only one instance. Twenty catheters were removed for suspected sepsis with only 3 confirmed cases. Fat-based formulas were well tolerated in 15% of patients. During TPN, body weight rose from 95.0 +/- 2.4% to 97.4 +/- 4.3% of ideal in group I and remained at 90.5 +/- 1.8% in group II. Albumin rose from 3.36 +/- 0.10 to 3.50 +/- 0.08 g/dl in group I and from 3.01 +/- 0.07 to 3.35 +/- 0.07 g/dl in group II. The entire cohort differed from 10 randomly chosen patients who did not receive TPN in terms of days NPO (2.8 +/- 0.3) and hospital days (5.5 +/- 0.6). Variables associated with prolongation of hospital stay and time NPO were number of prognostic criteria, local complex disease, and underlying chronic pancreatitis only in select groups. We conclude that during acute pancreatitis, TPN can be administered safely but with careful monitoring and we recommend early aggressive therapy in the subgroups noted above and when underlying malnutrition exists. In the borderline patient, TPN may be administered by peripheral vein until the severity of disease is manifest.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperlexia: a variant of aphasia or dyslexia.

We report five patients with hyperlexia who presented for evaluation in the Learning Disabilities Clinic at the Medical College of Georgia over a two year period. Analysis of the data from the neurologic and neuropsychologic evaluations indicates that the primary and essential cognitive deficit in these children is a disorder in speech and language involving a severe deficit in their ability to comprehend language whether it be spoken or written, as opposed to a dyslexia syndrome involving only recognition and/or comprehension of written language. This finding is in contrast to the Nosology of Disorders of Higher Cerebral Function proposed by the Child Neurology Society which views hyperlexia as a variant of the language disorder subtype of dyslexia.

Aphasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin production by surface plasmon resonance immunoassay.

A rapid and sensitive assay using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunoassay has been developed for the detection of Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin. The SPR immunoassay was conducted off-line by passing fermentation broth by a sensor chip coated with a monoclonal antibody specific for C. perfringens beta-toxin. Quantitation of toxin using SPR immunoassay was achieved by mass transport analysis; results were obtained within 20 min. The SPR immunoassay was compared with an ELISA and the traditional bioassay for C. perfringens beta-toxin. The SPR immunoassay and ELISA detected at least twofold differences in toxin levels at 95% confidence over a broad range of toxin concentrations. The traditional bioassay did not produce the resolution observed with the immunoassays. The SPR immunoassay allows for real-time monitoring of beta-toxin accumulation during production and permits the bioengineer to harvest C. perfringens fermentations when toxin is most concentrated. The SPR methodology may be applied to other fermentations to enhance and optimize toxin yields.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crystallization and preliminary crystal structure of the complex of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with a dual-site inhibitor.

Human estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD1) catalyzes the synthesis of 17beta-estradiol (E2) from estrone, in the ovary and peripheral tissues. While the structures of 17beta-HSD1 alone and in complex with E2 have been determined (D. Ghosh, V. Pletnev, D.-W. Zhu, Z. Wawrzak, W.-L. Duax, W. Pangborn, F. Labrie, S.-X. Lin, Structure of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at 2.20 A resolution, Structure 3 (1995) 503-513), no structures of inhibitor/enzyme complex, either modeled or from crystallography, have been reported before the submission of the present paper. The best available inhibitors are among the 'dual-site inhibitors', blocking estrogenic 17beta-HSD and the estrogen receptor. These compounds belong to a family of estradiol analogues having an halogen atom at the 16alpha position and an extended alkyl-amide chain at the 7alpha position (C. Labrie, G. Martel, J.M. Dufour, G. Levesque, Y. Merand, F. Labrie, Novel compounds inhibit estrogen formation and action, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 610-615). We now report the crystallization of this enzyme/inhibitor complex. The complex of the best available dual-site inhibitor, EM-139, with 17beta-HSD1 has been crystallized using both cocrystallization and soaking methods. Crystals are isomorphous to the native crystals grown in the presence of 0.06% beta-octyl-glucoside and polyethyleneglycol 4000, with a monoclinic space group C2. Data at 1.8 A have been collected from a synchrotron source. Even though the size of the inhibitor is greater than that of the substrate, our preliminary X-ray-diffraction study shows that EM-139 fits into the active site in a position similar to that of estrogen. The availability of such structural data will help design more potent inhibitors of estrogenic 17beta-HSD.

Apoenzymes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigating parental views of involvement in pre-school speech and language therapy.

Today, speech and language therapists working with the pre-school population routinely involve parents in their children's treatment programmes. Also, there is increasing recognition of the importance of considering client and carer views in evaluating services. Thus, in both clinical and research terms, the role of parents is key. This paper reports an aspect of a study that investigated parents' views and perceptions of their pre-school children's speech and language difficulties and the speech and language therapy (SLT) they received. The methodology of the study was qualitative and data were collected from the parents of 16 pre-school children, using in-depth interviews. The parents' perceptions could be characterized as a process with three phases. On the whole, parents viewed their involvement in SLT positively but crucially, the interviews highlighted discrepancies between therapists' and parents' perceptions of the therapy process. The study demonstrates that when parents' views are considered, a fuller understanding of the effectiveness and acceptability of treatment can emerge.

Attitude to Health↗