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Biomedical subjects

R Campani

Publications and source records attributed to R Campani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[SPECT with 99m-TC HM PAO in the study of classical hemicrania].

Five patients presenting with migraine attacks underwent Electroencephalography (EEC), Computed Tomography (CT) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-HM PAO. EEG and SPECT were subsequently repeated in the intercritical period. We observed that: two patients only showed non-specific abnormalities in EEG; scans were normal in all patients; all subjects exhibited diffuse cortical hypoperfusion. A strong correlation was always found between clinical presentation and hemispheric impairment. One patient exhibited asymmetrical perfusion between cerebellum hemispheres; intercritical SPECT showed homogeneous distribution of the radio-tracer in four patients. In the last one minimal residual hypoperfusion was observed, although less marked than in the acute phase. Therefore SPECT with 99mTc-HM PAO can be reasonably employed as the examination of choice when a migraine attack is clinically suspected, because of its reproducibility and reliability. It can be easily performed in every nuclear medical center supplied with modern tomographic gamma-cameras.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Computerized tomography versus lymphography in the assessment of lymph node metastasis in epithelial carcinoma of the ovary].

We investigated the accuracy of both lymphangiography and CT in detecting lymph node metastases in 59 patients evaluated preoperatively and subsequently submitted to surgery with selective/systemic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. CT accuracy was also investigated in 46 patients with a clinically suspected relapse of ovarian cancer (verified by means of clinical and/or CT follow-up in 36 patients, by laparotomy in 7, by fine-needle biopsy in 1 and by necroscopy in the last 2). In the first group (previously untreated patients) the overall results in the pelvis were, respectively, for lymphangiography and CT: 94.9% vs 89.8% accuracy, 86.6% vs 60% sensitivity, 97.7% vs 100% specificity, and 92.8% vs 100%, 95.5% vs 88% positive and negative predictive values. In the paraaortic region the results were: 89.1% vs 86.5% accuracy, 73.3% vs 66.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity for both techniques, 100% positive predictive value, and 84.6% vs 81.5% negative predictive value. In the second group (clinically suspected relapse), CT accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were, respectively: 91.3%, 81.8%, and 100%. Our experience demonstrated a high incidence of lymph node metastases in ovarian cancer, both in pelvic (15/49; 25.5%) and especially in aortic (15/37; 40.5%) locations in untreated patients, and an even higher incidence in relapses (22/42; 52.5%). The high specificity and positive predictive value of CT depended on the fact that there were no false positives. We arbitrarily considered as metastatic a lymph node with phi greater than 2 cm, and this threshold seemed to be of clinical value since it made a good predictor of metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Color Doppler in the echographic evaluation of breast nodules].

The authors report on their experience with color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of solid breast masses. Twenty-two patients were examined; breast masses were studied with B-mode US first, and then with color Doppler US to evaluate eventual tumor vascularization. Color Doppler US demonstrated only one vascular pole in histologically confirmed benign masses. On the contrary, in 92.8% of histologically confirmed malignant masses, color Doppler easily depicted 2 or more groups of nutritional arteries. Color Doppler makes the diagnosis of malignant masses easier, thus allowing, in the author's opinion, a reduction in the number of biopsies of solid breast masses clinically/mammographically detected. The use of color Doppler US is therefore suggested: the technique is noninvasive, fast, and easy and its widespread use would translate into advantages for both the patient and the clinician.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

[The role of echotomography in sports traumatology of the lower extremity].

Sonography, which is commonly used in the evaluation of muscular traumas following exercise, quite often provides the radiologist with normal findings. One hundred and fifty-nine athletes were considered (170 US examinations), and the clinical diagnoses the patients had been referred for were compared with US findings: the pathologic condition was confirmed in 59% of the cases, while the extant 41% had normal findings. The highest percentage of positive findings was observed in the Achilles tendon region (75%), while the figure dropped to 38% in the thigh. In the latter location, muscular ruptures were confirmed in 69% of the cases, versus 17% in case of muscular distraction. As for the Achilles tendon, pathologic conditions both along the axis and in the insertion of the tendon were confirmed in 20% of the cases, but clinical accuracy was improved by US in 47% and 20% of the patients, respectively, and the diagnosis was changed in 10% and 20% of the cases, respectively. Therefore, clinical accuracy was demonstrated to depend on the pathologic condition as well as on the anatomical region involved.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

[Portal hypertension of hepatic origin. A qualitative assessment by color and echo Doppler US].

One hundred and twenty-eight subjects were studied: 103 of them were affected with portal hypertension diagnosed both radiologically and clinically. Twenty-five healthy subjects were studied, as a control group, by means of combined real-time US and color Doppler. US parameters were evaluated, specific to chronic hepatopathy, together with the Doppler qualitative parameters relative to splanchnic vessels hemodynamics. Our results allowed a sort of noninvasive angiogram of the portal system to be obtained, which is to be of use for diagnosing portal hypertension, and for assessing its causes, risks, and consequences. This study was also aimed at suggesting an examination protocol for portal hypertension, employing real-time and color Doppler US, which any radiologist with enough experience in abdominal US could use. Color Doppler, although not strictly necessary to obtain good results, dramatically shortens execution times. Moreover, color Doppler allows the method to be more quickly learned.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of carcinoma of the breast].

Data relative to 51 patients operated for breast carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had undergone US and mammographic evaluation of max diameter of the neoplastic nodule. The above data were correlated with pathologic measurements of the surgical specimens. US-pathologic correlation coefficient was extremely high (r = 0.94). US proved especially helpful in those cases where mammography had failed to visualize the mass-namely in patients with dense breasts. Nearly all evaluated carcinomas had a typical US pattern: a hypoechoic lesion with irregular outline. US is recommended in evaluating tumor response to nonsurgical conservative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lymph node metastasis of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Role of lymphography and computerized tomography].

The presence of lymph nodal metastases in the patients affected with carcinoma of the uterine cervix is of the utmost clinical relevance. In the Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments of Pavia University we have evaluated the accuracy of lymphangiography and CT in recognizing lymph nodal metastases in 95 patients, 58 of them evaluated preoperatively (49 subsequently submitted to radical hysterectomy). CT accuracy was also evaluated in 37 patients with a clinically suspected relapse of cervical cancer. In the first group the overall results were: 91% accuracy, 88% sensitivity, 92.5% specificity for lymphangiography and 87.9% accuracy, 72.2% sensitivity, and 95% specificity for CT (in 49 patients, stage I-II, submitted to lymphadenectomy, lymphangiographic accuracy was 91%, sensitivity was 88%, specificity 92% versus CT accuracy 85.7%, 44.4% sensitivity, and 95% specificity). In the second group (relapse) CT accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 94%, 100%, and 91%, respectively. In conclusion, lymphangiography gives better results than CT in the patients with early stages (I-II) of the disease. In advanced stages and relapses CT was found to have high accuracy in demonstrating lymph node status. This information is useful for treatment planning and for avoiding unnecessary surgical exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arrhythmogenic right and left ventricular disease: evaluation by computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

Ventricular tachycardia may represent the first sign of an unknown cardiomyopathy; fewer data are available on the anatomical substrate of the arrhythmia. The aim of the study was to characterize better those patients who usually do not have haemodynamic impairment, but in whom the arrhythmia may be severely invalidating. To that purpose, two recent and sophisticated radiological methods were used, computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); both methods allowed a precise characterization of the morphology and function of the right and left ventricle; a tissue analysis was performed that identified regions of lipomatous degeneration both in the right and the left ventricle, particularly with NMR. In conclusion, CT and particularly NMR appear to be able to reveal minimal changes suggestive of a right and/or left cardiomyopathy whose first manifestation is ventricular tachycardias.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1989

[The optic pathways: a magnetic resonance study at 1.5 tesla. I. Anatomy].

The authors retrospectively examined one hundred and twenty-nine patients who had undergone MR examination of the sellar, parasellar and orbital regions, to evaluate MR capabilities in demonstrating the optic pathways and their relationship to the most important anatomical structures nearby. T1-weighted images allowed a very good evaluation not only of the optic pathways as a whole, but also of the intracanalicular and intracranial segments of the optic nerve; the optic tracts and geniculate bodies were also clearly demonstrated. Optic radiations were clearly visible on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The orbital portion of the optic nerve could be evaluated with T1-weighted images, which showed its external profile. However, only multi-echo T2-weighted images allowed the nerve to be differentiated from perineural spaces, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, thus giving a true cisternographic effect.

Geniculate Bodies↗
PubMed1989

[Doppler color in the echographic study of hyperplastic parathyroid glands].

The sonographic examination of hyperplastic parathyroid glands is a well-known and appreciated technique. However, its diagnostic contribution is still somehow inadequate, due to the difficult differential diagnosis of the various solid hyperechoic nodular structures in the neck and to the presence of frequently ectopic glands. The combined use of B-mode and color-Doppler US allows the vascular features of suspicious parathyroid nodules to be satisfactorily demonstrated. Higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional US are the main advantages of this technique. Still, further research is needed for B-mode color-Doppler US to actually replace fine needle biopsy in confirming the diagnosis.

Color↗