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Biomedical subjects

R C Russell

Publications and source records attributed to R C Russell.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A new interpretation of the insulin test validated and then compared with the Burge test.

A prospective study of 40 patients undergoing proximal gastric vagotomy confirmed the validity of a new interpretation of the insulin test in the early postoperative period (Maybury et al., 1977). Of the 30 patients falling into the group expected to be free from recurrent ulceration (low risk group), none had developed symptoms suggestive of this condition, whilst of the 10 in the contrasting high risk group, 6 have already developed proved recurrences (mean follow-up period 26 months). A further group of 24 patients was studied by performing a peroperative Burge test for completeness of vagotomy and comparing these results with a postoperative insulin test. This study showed that the Burge test, properly performed, is a reliable test of the adequacy of vagotomy. The use of this test has led to a better understanding of the operative technique required to achieve the objective of an adequate vagotomy.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Laboratory studies on the transmission of yellow fever virus by Aedes (Finlaya) notoscriptus (Dipt., Culicidae).

Aedes (Finlaya) notoscriptus (Skuse), a mosquito which occupies a similar ecological niche to Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L), the urban vector of yellow fever virus, was screened as a possible vector of this disease. The results indicate that almost certainly Ae. notoscriptus is refractory to the virus and could not act as a vector if yellow fever were introduced to Australia.

Aedes↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion by cimetidine.

The effect of cimetidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on gastric acid secretion stimulated by a homogenised meal was studied in six normal volunteers using an in vivo intragastric titration technique. The subjects were studied twice, no more than 48 h apart, receiving either cimetidine 200 mg or placebo in random order. Cimetidine administered either 32 men before (three subjects) or with the meal (three subjects) significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion in all the subjects throughout the period of study; 96 min after food, total acid secretion decreased by 67 and 57% respectively. When the drug was taken with the meal absorption was slower (mean peak blood level 2-34 mumol/l, 80-128 min after dosing) than when administered on an empty stomach (mean peak blood level 5-08 mumol/l, 48-64 min after dosing). Blood cimetidine concentration correlated significantly (P less than 0-01) with percentage inhibition of acid output and the calculated concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of gastric acid secretion (IC50) was 1-6 mumol/l. Secretion of gastrin in response to food was unaffected by cimetidine. The results suggest that 200 mg cimetidine effectively inhibits food-stimulated acid secretion and that the bioavailability of the drug may be affected by the timing of dosage in relation to meals. No unwanted effect were observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Hyperglucagonaemia in the surgical patient.

Twenty-one patients had serial samples of blood taken before, during, and after operation for the measurement of plasma glucagon, plasma insulin, and blood glucose concentrations. A significant rise in plasma glucagon level was noted during the operation. In contrast the plasma insulin concentration fell during the operation and rose in the postoperative period despite hyperglycaemia during and after the operation. These findings show that hyperglucagonaemia is a physiological consequence of a surgical operation and that the relationship of plasms glucagon to plasma insulin is complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The predictive accuracy of the postvagotomy insulin test: A new interpretation.

Insulin-stimulated gastric secretion alone, without reference to basal secretion, has been examined in 45 male patients with duodenal ulcer in whom no gastric operation had been performed and in 124 patients following vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Gastric juice was examined in terms not only of conventional indices, observed volume, titratable acidity and acid output, but also Vg, the volume corrected for pyloric loss and duodenal reflux. The range of secretion of the unoperated subjects was established in terms of peak and half-totwo-hour values for all indices. By reference to these ranges, secretion of postvagotomy subjects could be divided into two groups: (a) those with secretion within the preperative range, and (b) those with secretion less than the lower limit of the preoperative range. The best discrimination was given by Vg; those within the preoperative range (peak Vg in excess of 140 ml/hour and Vg half to two hours in excess of 105 ml/hour) had a 50% liability to recurrent ulcer, while those below the preoperative range had a zero liability to recurrent ulcer. Of the conventional indices acid output gave the best discrimination, which was almost as good as Vg. Peak acid output of 8 mmol/hour or acid output one half to two hours of 525 mmol/hour discriminated into two groups, with a 50% or zero liability to recurrent ulcer. Titratable acidity (Hollander's index of secretion), being highly susceptible to reflux, was not an adequate discriminant.

Chlorides↗