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Biomedical subjects

R C Russell

Publications and source records attributed to R C Russell.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Grain auger injuries: the replacement of the corn picker injury?

Corn picker injuries, although more infamous, are less frequent than those produced by the grain auger. The former rarely occurs in other than adult males who are responsible for their carelessness, whereas the grain auger injury frequently involves innocent and uninformed youths. We report 4 arms, 4 forearms, 5 hands, 24 digits, 2 legs, 4 feet, and 4 toes injured by a grain auger in 24 patients. Multiple-level injuries accounted for the larger number of injuries than patients. Twelve amputations or devascularizations were reattached or revascularized successfully. Not all amputations had attempts at reattachment because of the severe crushing of the part and/or stump that was present in all patients to varying degrees. All wounds were heavily contaminated and were treated with voluminous irrigation and adequate debridement. Serial debridements were needed prior to coverage in several patients. Prevention is the best treatment, but given early aggressive care, many injured can regain a high level of function.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1981

Alternative hand flaps for amputations and digital defects.

Traumatic or thermal injury to the hand may result in a composite tissue loss. Exposed tendon, bone, or joint surface is best treated by flap coverage. This paper will discuss four types of alternative hand flaps that can be used to treat difficult areas and/or minimize complications. (1) A thumb flap elevated from the metacarpophalangeal joint flexion crease covers a fingertip injury and the donor site is closed primarily. (2) A proximally based side-finger flap, preferably from the ulnar side of the donor finger, can be used to cover a fingertip defect in a young person or a thumb tip in any age. (3) A deepithelized cross-finger flap, flipped 180 degrees upside-down, can cover a defect on an adjacent finger. The under side of the flap and the donor area are skin grafted. (4) A proximally based arterialized side-finger flap, including the digital artery but sparing the digital nerve, is rotated dorsally to cover a secondarily exposed proximal interphalangeal joint in burn patients where adjacent fingers are not available as donor sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Wound healing after laser surgery: an experimental study.

Healing after carbon dioxide laser incisions has been assessed in three animal experiments. Nine incisions in pig skin were found to be significantly weaker after 7 days than similar incisions made with a scalpel, but stronger than those made with a cutting diathermy. Laser excision of skin discs in pigs provided a satisfactory base to take split-skin grafts, but graft take around the edges was less complete than after scalpel excisions. Division and anasto mosis of the colon of 75 rats showed that the laser produced anastomoses that were as strong after 7 days as those produced by scalpel or diathermy division, but the laser did not produce the narrowing of the lumen that occurred with diathermy. It is concluded that if epithelial surfaces are particularly thick and slow to cut with the laser than thermal damage will impair healing, but that in general epithelial surfaces need not be avoided in laser surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Anatomy and physiology of the perionychium: a review of the literature and anatomic study.

The perionychium includes the nail and surrounding structures. The anatomy and physiology of the perionychium is presented in detail. Microscopic examination reveals the nail production to take place on the dorsal roof of the nail fold, the ventral floor of the nail fold, and on the nailbed to the free margin of the nail. The arterial supply is by two dorsal terminal branches of the proper digital artery and the nerve innervation by dorsal terminal branches of the proper digital nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Burns due to grain dust explosions.

Dust explosions occurring in grain elevator storage and processing operations are increasing in frequency and are a world-wide source of injury and fatality. Despite extensive investigation by both private and governmental interests, the causes of most grain dust explosions remain a mystery. A number of methods to help prevent such explosions have been developed, but none has gained uniform acceptance. Despite a brief contact with flame in the flash of a dust cloud ignition, temperatures may exceed 1,000 degrees F and can cause severe burns. A single burn center's experience with eight patients injured in three separate grain elevator dust explosions during a 12-month period highlights the potential seriousness of the problem. Physicians practicing in grain producing or shipping areas of the world should be aware of the potential hazard imposed by grain storage operations. Prevention of these explosions by mandatory dust control systems and appropriate safety regulations is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

V-Y advancement flap for facial defects.

We have used 107 V-Y advancement flaps in 76 patients with only loss of one flap and loss of hair growth in a second. The versatility of this method of closure and its superior cosmetic result recommend it to the plastic surgeon who must close defects of the face.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The anatomical basis for gastric mobilization in total oesophagectomy.

Following the injection of suitable media, the arterial tree of 22 post-mortem human stomachs was studied by angiography, or corrosion and micro-dissection. In stomachs infused exclusively by the right gastroepiploic artery, i.e. following ligation of all other gastric vessels on the stomach wall, both methods produced good fundal filling, while demonstrating consistently poor filling of a strip of stomach wall along the lesser curve. These findings do not support the assertion that in operations involving mobilization and transposition of the stomach the viability of the fundus is critically dependent upon an anastomotic circulation involving the extragastric portion of the left gastric vessels, but rather indicate that these vessels can, if required, be excised with impunity in most patients, provided that there is no extensive atherosclerosis. However, these findings indicate that such a procedure may impair the blood supply of the lesser curve, and they provide an anatomical explanation of the occasional occurrence of necrosis of the lesser curve following proximal gastric vagotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The role of ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of thyroid swellings.

This study has determined the ability of grey scale ultrasound to assess if a thyroid is normal or abnormal, if the appearances of the gland are specific for one disease and if the probability of malignancy can be determined. One hundred patients were studied, 65 with histologically confirmed diagnoses. It was found that the normal gland was distinguished from the abnormal with 99 per cent accuracy, simple cysts were diagnosed with 100 per cent accuracy and a specific disease diagnosis was given with 84 per cent accuracy. It was correctly stated in 87 patients that the disease was definitely benign, but in the remaining 12 patients (3 with cancer) it was stated that malignancy could not be excluded.

Cysts↗
PubMed1978

G cell population of the gastric antrum, plasma gastrin, and gastric acid secretion in patients with and without duodenal ulcer.

Estimates of the G cell population were made in 24 resected human pyloric antra from counts of cells in multiple samples and from measurements of antral size. Measurements had been made previously in 20 subjects of acid output (basal and after pentagastrin) and in 10 subjects of plasma gastrin (basal and after insulin + bicarbonate). G cells were most dense near the pylorus, but their circumferential distribution was even. The G cell populations ranged from 8 to 15 (mean 10) million in four control patients and from 3 to 43 (mean 18) million in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer. Those with recurrent ulcer after vagotomy had either a low G cell count and incomplete vagotomy, or a high G cell count and apparently complete denervation. Two patients with hypergastrinaemia and duodenal ulcer had moderate (29 X 10(6)) or marked (56 X 10(6)) excesses of G cells. 'G cell hyperplasia' may represent the extreme end of the normal range of G cell numbers in the antrum, and can be assessed by semi-quantitative grading of G cell hyperplasia in antral biopsies. There were significant direct correlations between antral area and G cell density, between peak acid output and G cell population, and between basal plasma gastrin and G cell density (but not population). We suggest that, in patients with duodenal ulcer, acid and gastrin secretion are interrelated and that both are related to the masses of parietal cells and of G cells.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

Gastric acid secretion after chronic administration of the anti-secretory agent salbutamol in the dog.

Salbutamol is known to be a potent inhibitor of pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in both man and dog. This study describes the results, in both acute and chronic experiments in the dog, of salbutamol administration on gastric acid output and plasma gastrin concentration in response to a standard food stimulus. In the acute experiments, salbutamol in fusion reduced both gastric acid output and peak plasma gastrin concentration. In contrast, during chronic oral administration, salbutanmol caused a significant increase in the acid secretory response to the food stimulus; 2 weeks after the drug was stopped acid output has returned to control values. Only small changes in plasma gastrin concentration were found in the chronic study and these changes could not explain the increase in acid output.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1977

Mechanism of pancreatic polypeptide release in man.

Pancreatic polypeptide (P.P.) is a potent hormonal peptide which has been isolated from the pancreas. Its role in human physiology and pathology is not yet established. After a standard hospital lunch the plasma concentration of P.P. showed a rapid and identical rise in 10 healthy controls, 11 duodenal-ulcer patients, and 6 post-vagotomy patients but remained undetectable in 4 totally pancreatectomised subjects. In contrast plasma-P.P. was unaffected by intravenous administration of glucose, aminoacids, or fat. However, during intravenous infusion of caerulein, a cholecystokinin analogue, P.P. rose by nearly five-fold, and an even greater rise was seen after intravenous injection of Boots secretin. In 19 duodenal-ulcer patients insulin hypoglycaemia produced a rapid rise in plasma-P.P. but this did not occur in any of the 17 patients studied after a truncal vagotomy. Thus P.P. is released by oral but not intravenous nutriments and the existence of an entero-P.P. axis is postulated. One component of this axis may be the vagal innervation but the normal postprandial rise seen after vagotomy suggests that other control mechanisms, such as the intestinal hormones, are more important.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma gastrin concentration related to acid secretion during insulin hypoglycaemia.

The release of gastrin by insulin hypoglycaemia was studied in man before and after vagotomy. Completeness of vagotomy was judged by the gastric acid response to the same hypoglycaemia, using several criteria including one that allows for pyloric losses and duodenogastric reflux. A total of 137 tests was performed on 10 subjects. The plasma gastrin concentration was found to rise in the preoperative studies and also in the postoperative studies no matter what type of vagotomy had been performed or what criteria of completeness of vagotomy were used. We concluded that gastrin can be released in response to hypoglycaemia in the absence of the vagus nerve.

Adult↗