[What is the status of tuberculosis among the occupational diseases today?].
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Cross-Sectional Studies↗
Biomedical subjects
R Bauer
Publications and source records attributed to R Bauer.
Chiari's pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
Results of Chiari's pelvic osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease were analyzed in 37 hips of 36 patients. The mean age at surgery was nine years. The results were assessed according to both the quality of sphericity and containment of the femoral head. The results were satisfactory in 26 hips (70%), acceptable in 10 hips (27%), and poor in only one hip (3%). In cases where preoperative arthrography revealed a saddle-shaped distortion of the protruding and flattened epiphysis, the results were less satisfactory. The authors conclude that Chiari's osteotomy is needed where other kinds of containment cannot be expected to be successful. The indications are smooth flattenings of severely protruding epiphyses in patients aged seven years or more, and severe epiphyseal protrusions without flattening in patients 10 years or older.
Adolescent↗
[Lymphadenopathy and a lower T-helper/suppressor cell (Th/Ts) ratio in homosexual men in West Germany. Studies of 147 patients to evaluate the individual risk of acquiring AIDS].
Investigations on 147 homosexual men in Berlin-West (17-57 years old, kappa = 32 years) revealed the presence of lymphadenopathy in 90 cases (61.2%). In addition, the Th/Ts-ratio was significantly reduced in the entire homosexual group compared to a control group of heterosexual men (n = 13) of comparable age [2P(z) = 0.0001; Mann-Whitney-U-test]. In homosexual men with marked lymphadenopathy (n = 43) the ThlTs-ratio was found to be lower than in those without lymphadenopathy (n = 57); the difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The reduction of the Th/Ts-ratio in the entire group was mainly due to a significant increase of the number of Ts-lymphocytes (P less than 0.005); Th-lymphocytes showed a trend to decrease which only became significant values in the group of homosexual men with marked lymphadenopathy (P less than 0.05). Similarly, no statistical correlation was found between reduction of Th/Ts-ratio and the age of homosexual men in the entire group (n = 147) as compared to controls; whereas, in the group of homosexuals with marked lymphadenopathy (n = 43) the decrease of Th/Ts became significant with increasing age. No statistical correlation was found between lymphadenopathy, reduction of Th/Ts-ratio and promiscuity (lifetime number of partners, number of partners during the last 6 months). The high prevalence of lymphadenopathy and reduction of Th/Ts-ratio, regarded as parameters of the individual AIDS-risk, indicate that a considerable number of homosexual men in Germany may develop that syndrome.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
The mapping of visual space onto foveal striate cortex in the macaque monkey.
Visuotopic maps of foveal striate cortex have been obtained by means of single cell recordings from four hemispheres in two awake, behaving macaque monkeys. The numbers of successful separate striate penetration sites in the four hemispheres were 42, 58, 81, and 61, for a total of 242. The resolution of the maps is 10 min of visual angle, nearly an order of magnitude finer than previous maps. No striate receptive field center was found more than 5 min into the ipsilateral visual field. The four maps were sufficiently compatible with one another that they could be combined into one. There are only minor magnification differences between the right and left hemispheres and between the upper and lower quadrants. There is a vertical/horizontal magnification anisotropy of about 1.5:1 in central foveal cortex (0 to 20 min). The composite map can be approximated by the complex logarithmic equation, w = 7.7 * ln (x + iy + 0.33), where w is expressed in millimeters and x and y are expressed in degrees.
Animals↗
[Dissimilar course in the right and left ventricular function in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy].
The case of a patient with severe dilative cardiomyopathy and cardiomegaly demonstrates that M-mode echocardiography and planar chest radiographs are not always sufficient to follow up the disease correctly. Using other non-invasive imaging modalities, in this case radionuclide ventriculography and NMR tomography, which provide more precise information with regard to morphology and function of both the right and the left heart, allows a more reliable follow-up of the disease.
Adult↗
[Mycotic mycetoma (eumycetoma) caused by Madurella mycetomi].
Mycotic mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous and fistulous tropical disease caused by hyphomycetes of different families. A case caused by Madurella mycetomi is presented and the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities discussed.
Adult↗
[Age and sex dependence of tubular kidney clearance in childhood].
Nuclear medicine methods have gained wide-spread use for quantitative determination of renal function, but normal values related to age and sex are often not available, especially in children. Since pediatric clearance studies in our clinic are carried out routinely by means of I-123-OIH (ortho-iodo-hippurate), OIH-clearance determinations were performed in 33 children considered to have normal renal function. Within the investigated age of 3,5-15 years no significant correlation of tubular renal clearance with age and no difference between both sexes was found, the mean value +/- SD being 577 +/- 88 ml/min/1,73 m2 surface area. Comparing all age related values known from literature, our values from children and adults fit in quite well.
Adolescent↗
The structure of chromatin reconstituted with phosphorylated H1. Circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies.
The effect of binding enzymatically phosphorylated H1 histone on the structure of reconstituted chromatin was determined by circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies at low ionic strength. Procedures were developed for the selective removal of the lysine-rich histones H1 and H5 from chicken erythrocyte chromatin (stripped chromatin) and for the specific reconstitution of chromatin, without nucleosome sliding. Reconstitution was carried out with either rat thymus H1, phosphorylated rat thymus H1 (containing an average of 5.3 phosphates/molecule, or chicken erythrocyte H5. The maximum ellipticity in 1.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, of stripped chromatin [( theta]282.5 = 4800 degree cm2/dmol) was effectively reduced to the value for native chromatin [( theta]282.5 = 3900 degree cm2/dmol) through reconstitution with approximately one molecule of either H1 [( theta]282.5 = 4050 degree cm2/dmol) or phosphorylated H1 [( theta]282.5 = 4100 degree cm2/dmol) per 200 base pairs of DNA. As the circular dichroic spectra for chromatin reconstituted with H1 and phosphorylated H1 are similar, it appears that phosphorylation per se does not induce a major structural alteration of chromatin structure. Thermal denaturation studies at low ionic strength of chromatin reconstituted with either H1 or phosphorylated H1 revealed a transition that occurs at a slightly lower temperature than the high temperature transition of native chromatin. This transition was shifted approximately 1 degree C to lower temperature when the chromatin was reconstituted with phosphorylated H1 as compared to H1. Thus, phosphorylation of H1 caused a significant destabilization of the chromatin structure at low ionic strength. When thermal denaturation was carried out on chromatin reconstituted with H5, native-like profiles were obtained.
Animals↗
[The lymphadenopathy syndrome. Immunologic studies of young homosexual men with and without lymphadenopathy].
Investigations on 147 young homosexual men living in Berlin (West) revealed lymphadenopathy in 61.2% (90 pat.). This finding was prominent in 43.4% of all cases. Evaluation of total T-, T-helper und T-suppressor lymphocytes by means of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies showed an unchanged total number of T-lymphocytes; in contrast, the T-helper subpopulation was decreased and the T-suppressor subpopulation was increased in the peripheral blood, in comparison to a control group of heterosexual men. Therefore, a significantly reduced Th/Ts-ratio was supposed. These changes were more pronounced in the group with marked lymphadenopathy. Our investigations prove a high prevalence of lymphadenopathy and immune dysfunction among young homosexual men in Germany. Both are correlates of one syndrome characterized by persisting unexplained lymphadenopathy, immune dysfunction, and general clinical symptoms (including loss of weight, fever, diarrhoea, etc.). This so called lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) with the above mentioned clinical symptoms and reduction of the Th/Ts-ratio may represent a prodrome of AIDS. A long-term and careful follow-up of these patients is therefore necessary.
Adolescent↗
Negative selection of patients for dialysis and transplantation in the United Kingdom.
In order to understand why the United Kingdom ranks low in the treatment of end stage renal failure a questionnaire investigating knowledge of current acceptance practice for dialysis and transplantation was sent to various groups of doctors throughout the country. The questionnaire comprised 16 case histories of patients with established end stage renal failure and associated social and medical problems. In each case the responding doctor was asked to indicate whether the patient would be suitable for treatment by dialysis or transplantation or both. The questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of general practitioners and non-renal consultant physicians and their responses compared with those of all the nephrologists identified in the United Kingdom. The mean number of cases rejected by both general practitioners and non-renal consultant physicians was significantly higher than the number rejected by nephrologists. The findings suggest that underreferral of patients to dialysis and transplant units contributes to the current low acceptance rate of new patients into treatment programmes in the United Kingdom.
Adult↗
Single cell activity in area 18 of the cat's visual cortex during optokinetic nystagmus.
Single cell activity was recorded in area 18 during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in awake cats. The search coil technique was used to record the horizontal and vertical eye movements. Cells showing direction specific responses to a moving large area random dot pattern (70%) were tested with different velocities in the preferred and in the null-direction. Their response characteristics can be classified according to the two phases of the OKN. 41% responded specifically to the retinal slip velocity, having their response optimum at different values between 2 and 100 degrees/s. Additionally, in 60% of all tested cells the resetting saccades of the OKN were correlated with brief activity bursts of 39 ms latency on the average. These results are discussed in terms of two concepts: the classic concept of a corollary discharge from the oculomotor system and the concept of a gating function of the reticular system on thalamic and cortical transmission.
Animals↗
Retinotopy and orientation columns in the monkey: a new model.
A model is presented in which orientation columns arise directly out of retinotopy. According to the model, iso-orientation lines are arrayed radially around nodal centers which correspond to cytochrome oxidase patches. The nodal centers form a square matrix superimposed upon the map of ocular dominance stripes. In the supragranular layers horizontal iso-orientation lines run down the centers of ocular dominance stripes, with vertical iso-orientation lines crossing perpendicularly. Diagonal orientations (45 degrees and 135 degrees) are represented as alternating iso-orientation zones at the centers of the interstices in the matrix (internodal centers). Preferred orientations in the infragranular layers are reversed with respect to the supragranular layers. The model is consistent with new data concerning ocularity and preferred orientation in systematic penetrations through striate cortex, and helps to explain some previously puzzling features of the relationship between ocular dominance columns, orientation columns and retinotopy.
Animals↗
The application of somatosensory-evoked potentials in orthopedic spine surgery.
This review will report results and experience gained with intraoperative monitoring SSEP's (somatosensory-evoked potentials) during 61 operations on the spine for correction of scoliotic curvatures. The potentials were elicited by uni- or bilateral stimulation of the tibial nerve and recorded from the scalp. Four cases, in which we observed intraoperative or postoperative alterations in waveform or neurologic status, are described. The method is easily applicable, noninvasive, and can--in spite of its sensitivity to environmental influences--well provide information about the neurologic function of the spinal cord.
Adolescent↗
A proposal for the metal geometry in yeast superoxide dismutase based on results from EXAFS spectroscopy.
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra have been recorded at the Cu edge and Zn edge in native yeast superoxide dismutase and at the Cu edge and Cd edge in the yeast superoxide dismutase derivative, where Zn has been substituted with Cd. Two different metal ligand distances in the range 1.9-2.0 A and 2.3-2.4 are determined for the Cu and Zn metals. For Cd in the Zn site two different metal ligand distances about 2.2 A and 2.6 A, respectively, were found. The striking feature is the similarity between the amplitude and radii determined for both the Cu and Zn sites. The increased distances for Cd can be explained by the increased ionic radius of Cd relative to Cu and Zn. Based on these EXAFS results and other relevant knowledge about the metal geometries, we propose that histidine 61 (63) positioned between the Cu and Zn metals are in one subunit bound to Zn and in the other to Cu. This model explains the recently observed difference between the two metal sites in each subunit.
Copper↗
[10-MHz-B-scan sonography of the cervical carotid arteries].
Two hundred and eighty-two consecutive patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency, with non-specific neurological symptoms or asymptomatic murmurs, were examined prospectively by two-dimensional high resolution 10 MHz B-scan real time sonography. Arteriosclerotic plaques were usually semi-circular (77%), of high amplitude (64%) and homogeneous (80%). Ulcerating plaques were correctly diagnosed in only three out of eight cases demonstrated angiographically. So far there has been no definite relationship between the appearance of the plaques and clinical symptoms. Compared with arteriography (170 examinations) the specificity of sonography was 98% (62/63), the sensitivity for plaques was 100% (50/50), for stenoses it was 63% (5/8) to 93% (14/15), for occlusions it was 76% (13/17). The indications and drawbacks of the method are discussed.
Carotid Artery Diseases↗
[Registration of visual evoked neuromagnetic fields following partial field stimulation of the fovea].
Visual evoked neuromagnetic fields were recorded after stimulation of the right and left foveal half-field and of the right lower and upper quadrant. A contralateral topography of the dominant complex of the visual evoked field was measured on the skull after right and left half-field stimulation. After switching from the right half-field stimulation to the stimulation of the right quadrants we observed large individual differences in our subject group. A possible morphological explanation is that the more elementary stimulation in the quadrants is connected with a greater number of dipole orientations as compared with the less elementary stimulation in the half-fields.
Adult↗
[Fetal magnetoencephalography I: 1st prenatal registration of auditory evoked neuromagnetic fields].
Using a SQUID gradiometer of the second order, we succeeded in recording a prenatal auditory evoked neuromagnetic field in the 35th week of pregnancy. After sonographic localization of a suitable recording site on the fetal skull, the neuromagnetic field was recorded above the mother's abdomen. It will be necessary to develop special gradiometer configurations for further prenatal registrations of the stimulus-related and spontaneous fetal brain activity.
Electroencephalography↗
Outcome measures for district and regional health care planners.
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Adolescent↗