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Biomedical subjects

R B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R B Jones.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cognitive functioning in albino children.

Twelve albino children with IQs in the normal range were psychometrically assessed and compared to a control group of equally visually handicapped children who were non-albino. A striking and consistent pattern of cognitive functioning emerged in the albino group (a large verbal/performance discrepancy in favour of verbal skills) which could not be attributed to their poor visual acuity. This unusual pattern of intellectual functioning may be related to the unique neuroanatomy and neurophysiology recently demonstrated in people with albinism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fluorescent monoclonal antibody for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures.

We evaluated a monoclonal fluorescent-antibody (FA) reagent (Neisseria gonorrhoeae Culture Confirmation Test; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) for confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae isolates obtained from clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in four cities. The FA test was performed in parallel with established confirmation procedures on all organisms growing on 773 primary culture plates of modified Thayer-Martin agar. All N. gonorrhoeae isolates reacted with the FA reagent and produced a bright, easily interpretable fluorescence. The FA test correctly identified 533 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 474 patients and did not react with 90 N. meningitidis or with 213 non-Neisseria isolates. In one city (Baltimore), Gonochek II (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.) failed to identify four N. gonorrhoeae isolates reactive with the FA reagent and confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae by Phadebact (Pharmacia Inc., Piscataway, N.J.) and acid production from sugars. The FA test was rapid and specific and could be performed directly from primary isolation plates. The test requires 1 h to perform and is applicable to mixed-flora cultures.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Diagnosis of chlamydial infection in women attending antenatal and gynecologic clinics.

Two antigen detection systems (MicroTrak [MT], Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.; and Chlamydiazyme [CZ], Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) were compared with semiquantitative culture for diagnosis of chlamydial infection in 1,059 patients. Cultures were done on microtiter plates and blind passaged once. Culture-negative but CZ- or MT-positive specimens were recultured. True positives were positive by either initial or repeat cultures. Of 827 nonpregnant and 231 pregnant patients, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, had positive cultures. Overall sensitivity of the initial culture was 48.5% without passage and 86.4% with passage. The sensitivity of CZ was 67%. The sensitivity of MT in our laboratory was 50%; however, further review of these specimens by Syva employees gave a combined sensitivity of 71.6%. MT and CZ were more sensitive for pregnant patients (MT, 84.6%; CZ, 85.7%) than for nonpregnant patients (MT, 65.5%; CZ, 60.0%). All the tests had specificities above 95%. Of the specimens that were positive after initial culture without subculture, MT-negative specimens had a mean of 3.7 inclusions in culture, and MT-positive specimens had a mean of 24.8 (P = 0.002); CZ-negative specimens had a mean of 4.3 inclusions, and CZ-positive specimens had a mean of 20.0 (P = 0.026). In addition, cultures of specimens from pregnant patients had more inclusions than did those from gynecology patients, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.096). No method is ideal; however, MT and CZ were less sensitive than was this culture system for detecting chlamydial infection in patients in gynecology clinics and were of comparable sensitivity for pregnant patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A phase I-II study of intensive-dose adriamycin for advanced breast cancer.

Twenty-six women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with intensive Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) as a single agent administered for three successive days once a month. Dosing started at 25 or 30 mg/m2/d three times, and was escalated by 5 mg/m2/d monthly to maximal tolerance based on hematologic, mucosal, or cardiac toxicities. Four patients (15%) had complete remissions (CRs) pathologically proven, and six others (23%) sustained complete CRs, but were found to have microscopic residual tumor (three) or refused biopsy (three). Twelve patients (46%) attained partial remission (PR). The overall response (85%) and CR rates (38%) were approximately double those reported with conventional Adriamycin doses. Median unmaintained remission duration for the ten patients in CR was 11 months. Cardiotoxicity, determined by radionuclide physiologic studies, occurred in 16 patients at a mean dose of 459 mg/m2; three patients developed reversible congestive failure. There were no toxic deaths. The median overall survival was 18 months. These data suggest that there is steep dose responsiveness to Adriamycin in metastatic breast cancer, and that more effective techniques for using Adriamycin may exist than those conventionally used.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chlamydial infections.

Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are of epidemic proportions. Since chlamydial infections are often asymptomatic, identification of infected persons is the major public health challenge in the control of chlamydial disease. Unfortunately, asymptomatic infections in women can be complicated by salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy, and involuntary infertility. The best current diagnostic test is cell culture. Direct antigen tests are cheaper and more widely available than cell culture but are less sensitive. Improved diagnostic tests, screening of groups at risk, educating patients and health care providers, and reporting of chlamydial infections will be essential in controlling chlamydial disease.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1986

Recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from the endometrium of women at risk for chlamydial infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted disease in Western Society today and is a major cause of salpingitis and tubal infertility. However, the frequency with which it produces upper genital tract infection in asymptomatic women has not been determined. Endometrial, endocervical, and urethral cultures for C. trachomatis were obtained from 60 women who were at risk for chlamydial infection but who did not have evidence of endometritis or salpingitis on physical examination. Chlamydia was isolated from the lower genitourinary tract in 26 (43%) and from the endometrium in 12 (20%). Thus 12 of 29 (41%) women infected with C. trachomatis had endometrial infections. Upper genital infections appear to be common in women at risk for chlamydial infection, and spread to the upper tract may occur shortly after the infection is acquired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The effects for recall patients of a comprehensive sealant program in a clinical dental public health setting.

The preventive outcomes of a comprehensive sealant program in a dental public health treatment center for low SES children are reported. The Linn County (Iowa) Dental Health Center implemented a comprehensive sealant philosophy in 1978. Since then, virtually all pits and fissures in primary and permanent teeth for all new and recall patients have been sealed. The comprehensive sealant philosophy was formulated following a previously reported Dental Health Center study documenting the negative outcomes of unmet treatment need as a result of the lack of continuity of care for this specific low SES target population. Sealants were evaluated for all recall patients seen over a two-month period. The sealants had been placed six months to six years before the two-month examination period. Ninety-five percent of the sealants were intact for the recall patients. Only 3.3 percent of the sealants were in need of repair or resealing--a procedure easily incorporated into the preventive recall appointment. Only 1.5 percent of the teeth were carious, and to a minor extent. To maintain the total sealant treatment philosophy on repaired and newly erupted teeth for recall patients in the dental public health setting requires on the average approximately five additional minutes per recall appointment. Low SES children are at highest risk to dental caries, but are still not guaranteed access to ongoing preventive services. Sealants are of much greater importance than the usual prophylaxis-fluoride regimen for low SES children displaying more episodic than preventive dental behavior. Comprehensive sealant programs should be considered for all dental public health clinical treatment programs for children.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Antigenic analysis of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis with murine monoclonal antibodies.

We prepared monoclonal antibodies against prototype strains of the 15 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis and identified a subset of reagents that reacted with the major outer membrane protein(s) (MOMPs) of one or more serovars. We then determined the specificities of these anti-MOMP monoclonal antibodies by radioimmunoassay and immunoblot assays against the 15 serovars of C. trachomatis and a C. psittaci strain. We identified 14 different anti-MOMP antibody specificities, including serovar-, several orders of subspecies-, and species-specific determinants. In addition, one antibody reacted with all C. trachomatis serovars and a C. psittaci strain, indicating the presence of a genus-specific epitope on MOMP. Many of the cross-reactions of the subspecies-specific antibodies were similar to those previously reported by use of the microimmunofluorescence technique. We also observed a number of cross-reactions that were unexpected but consistent with data derived by the microimmunofluorescence test. All antibodies, except the genus-specific antibodies, reacted with whole elementary bodies in a radioimmunoassay, suggesting surface exposure of the epitopes. These data confirm and extend previous observations that MOMPs among C. trachomatis serovars are antigenically complex and diverse. In addition, these data indicate that the cross-reaction patterns of some monoclonal antibodies directed against MOMP are similar to those detected by the microimmunofluorescence test and are consistent with the hypothesis that such determinants are contained within MOMPs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serovar determination of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates by using type-specific monoclonal antibodies.

A panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies was prepared that could distinguish among the 15 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. Twelve of these antibodies were specific for a single serovar (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L1, and L2) and three were specific for two serovars (B/Ba, C/J, and C/L3). Ten of the serovar-specific and two of the bispecific antibodies were shown by immunoblotting to recognize epitopes on the major outer membrane protein. These data provide evidence that such epitopes are closely correlated with and may be partly responsible for the antigenic variations detected by microimmunofluorescence that distinguish the currently recognized serovars. When used in a radioimmunoassay, these antibodies correctly identified the serovar of 17 strains that had been serotyped by the microimmunofluorescence test. In addition, we found that the chlamydial antigen derived from 1.0 cm2 of an infected HeLa cell monolayer was sufficient to allow serotyping with these antibodies. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies may provide a rapid and reliable alternative to mouse immunization and microimmunofluorescence for serotyping of clinical isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of blind passage and multiple sampling on recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from urogenital specimens.

Detection of chlamydial infections depends on the sensitivity of the techniques used. Variables include the number of body sites sampled, the number of samples obtained, and the number of passages in tissue culture. To assess these factors, microdilution plate cultures with a single blind passage were performed on specimens from 10,291 men and women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Overall, 21% of the men and 30% of the women were culture positive. However, 18% of endocervical, 28% of female urethral, and 29% of male urethral cultures that were positive became so only after a single passage. Of culture-positive women, 23% were positive at the urethra only. Pooled urethral and endocervical specimens were positive more often than an endocervical specimen alone but less often than separately cultured endocervical and urethral specimens. A total of 221 specimens from 92 men and 66 women were subjected to five serial blind passages. Of 83 positive specimens, 29 (35%) were positive only after two or more passages. A total of 37 (46%) women were culture-positive, but only 12 (33%) of those who were positive and had an endocervical culture would have been detected by a single endocervical culture that was not passaged. The sensitivity of chlamydial culture is substantially less than 100% but can be improved by culturing samples from both the urethra and endocervix in women and by serial passage in tissue culture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Cost-effectiveness of culturing for Chlamydia trachomatis. A study in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.

We have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using cell culture to test for chlamydial infections in 9979 patients at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. From results of cultures, we have established prevalence data and, using decision-theory analysis, have calculated costs and probabilities of various outcomes. According to their histories and presenting signs and symptoms, patients were classified as at high or low risk for chlamydial infections. Empiric treatment of all patients attending the clinic was the most cost-effective strategy, followed by empiric treatment of high-risk women and culture-based treatment of low-risk women. Obtaining cultures for men at high and low risk was not cost-effective. If universal treatment is not provided, the most cost-effective strategy appears to be empiric therapy in patients at high risk for chlamydial infections and therapy based on diagnostic test results in women at low risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Olfaction and behavioral modification in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus).

Olfactory responsiveness in the female domestic chick was examined in a series of experiments. Individually-housed chicks preferred the familiar soiled substrate from their own home box to that soiled by a strange conspecific and to clean wood litter when placed in an otherwise novel Y maze. An artificial odorant present during the development of group-reared chicks subsequently proved attractive in an otherwise novel and potentially frightening situation. Chicks reared with one of two aromatic oils subsequently discriminated between them and preferred the familiar oil when both were present in the test box. The preferences are likely acquired because naive, one-day-old chicks reacted similarly to wood litter treated with either water or oil. Presence of a familiar rearing odor also reduced fear of a novel open field. In contrast to controls, chicks whose nostrils were blocked prior to rearing with an aromatic oil showed no subsequent preference for this odorant. The present results suggest that domestic chicks can regulate their behavior in response to olfactory cues though trigeminal chemoreception may also be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intramitotic variation in proliferative potential: stochastic events in cellular aging.

A series of mitotic pairs of cells were isolated and the proliferative potential of each cell determined. Although the proliferative potentials of the two cells of a single pair were similar for most pairs examined, in a significant proportion large differences were observed. These results suggest a strong stochastic component in the somatic inheritance of proliferative potential. This observation provides the basis for refinement of a mathematical model for in vitro cellular aging.

Cell Division↗