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Biomedical subjects

R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R Anderson.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effects of lithium on the functions of human neutrophils and lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo.

The effects of lithium sulphate (LiSO4) at concentrations ranging from 10(-7)M to 10(-2)M on human polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) and lymphocyte functions in vitro were investigated. The leucocyte function assessed were PMNL motility, post-phagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity, myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination of Candida albicans and lymphocyte transformation to mitogens. These same functions as well as the results of serological studies were assessed in normal volunteers prior to ingestion of lithium carbonate (LiCO3), 2 hours and 24 hours after the ingestion of a single oral dose of 480 mg LiCO3, and on the 4th day of ingestion of 2 X 480 mg LiCO3 tablets daily. Incubation of PMNL with LiSO4 at concentrations up to 10(-3)M had no detectable effects on motility or post-phagocytic metabolic activity. Higher concentrations (10(-3)M) inhibited these functions. Likewise, at concentrations up to 1 X 10(-4)M LiSO4 had no effects on mitogen-induced transformation of lymphocytes, although higher concentrations did inhibit this activity. These same leucocyte functions were unaffected by ingestion of LiCO3. Levels of serum immunoglobulins and complement components, total haemolytic complement activity and salivary IgA values also remained unaltered. In vitro investigations showed that at a concentration of 10(-3)M LiSO4 had no inhibitory effects on the stimulation of PMNL motility mediated by ascorbate, levamisole and thiamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mediators of inflammation and tissue damage.

Mediators on inflammation have been classified according to their mode of activation in the case of latent humoral mediators of their mode of generation in that of newly synthesized mediators of cellular origin. The mechanisms by which these agents cause inflammation and tissue damage are considered, as are the control of their generation and toxicity for host tissues by biological and pharmacological anti-inflammatory agents.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1982

Immune responses and immunostimulation in tuberculosis therapy.

Despite a reasonably extensive literature on cellular and humoral immune responses in tuberculous disease, abnormalities tend to be secondary rather than predisposing to disease. No discrete immune deficiency or failure, which would explain the progression from non-infection to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to tuberculous disease, has been identified. There is evidence that tuberculous disease occurs in a spectrum, analogous to leprosy, and it would seem that if immunostimulants, as adjuncts to standard therapy, are to be of any value in the treatment of tuberculosis, they should be used for non-reactive tuberculosis patients. The range of immunostimulants currently available tends to be indiscriminate in action and their targets in tuberculous disease largely uncertain; their role in therapy in discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of oral and pharyngeal cavities.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans were prospectively obtained on 68 patients with previously untreated stages III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and pharyngeal cavity. We report herein the results of CT evaluation of primary disease arising in these sites, improvements in contrast-enhancement techniques, and CT assessment of the patient's condition after radiation or chemotherapy treatment.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Combined clinical and computed tomographic diagnosis of primary lacrimal fossa lesions.

We studied 39 patients who had solid mass-lesions primary in the lacrimal gland by computed tomography and reviewed their clinical histories. Twenty-three patients had either inflammatory conditions (16 cases) or lymphoid tumors (seven cases), with average symptomatic periods of less than a year. In this group, soft-tissue contour analysis in the axial and corneal projections demonstrated diffuse, compressed, and molded enlargements of the lacrimal gland in an oblong fashion, and there were no associated bone defects. Sixteen parenchymal benign or malignant tumors (six benign mixed tumors, one schwannoma, and nine malignant epithelial tumors) exhibited rounded or globular soft-tissue outlines and were frequently associated with contiguous bone changes. The benign tumors had smooth encapsulated outlines at their margins, whereas the malignant tumors displayed microserrations indicative of infiltration. The patients with the benign mixed tumors had had symptoms, on the average, for more than a year, whereas those with epithelial malignancies became symptomatic or had a preexisting benign mixed tumor that became exacerbated in periods of less than six months. Contour analysis of the soft-tissue mass depicted in coronal and axial tomograms is a valuable adjunct that leads to more accurate preoperative diagnosis when combined with a radiographic search for bone changes and the clinical history. Once a diagnosis regarding the presumptive lesional family has been made preoperatively, corticosteroid therapy may be instituted for acute inflammation and biopsies through the eyelid should be performed for suspected chronic inflammations, lymphoid lesions, or epithelial malignancies. A lateral orbitotomy without prior biopsy should be performed for rounded, well-encapsulated masses of long duration that are likely to be benign mixed tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Septic shock and the obstetrician/gynecologist.

Septic shock continues to be a serious problem with a mortality ranging from 11% to 82%, depending upon the cause, the time of diagnosis, and the type of treatment. The condition is seen in pregnant patients with postabortal or postpartal endometritis, chorioamnionitis, and pyelonephritis. In gynecology patients it is seen after severe pelvic infection and in immunosuppressed patients with gynecologic cancer. Prompt diagnosis, adequate monitoring and vigorous treatment are essential if deaths are to be reduced. Over the period July 1, 1959, to June 30, 1981, 91 patients were treated for septic shock with a mortality of 18%. Although medical treatment is important, the most important aspect of treatment for most patients is removal of the septic focus.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1982

Effects of clofazimine alone or combined with dapsone on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions in normal individuals and patients with lepromatous leprosy.

The effects of clofazimine on neutrophil activities such as random motility, migration to the leukoattractants endotoxin-activated serum and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine phagocytosis of Candida albicans, postphagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity, and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination and the effects of clofazimine on lymphocyte transformation to mitogens were assessed in vitro and after ingestion of the drug by normal individuals and patients with lepromatous leprosy. For in vitro studies, the concentration range of the drug investigated was 10(-6) M to 10(-2) M. for in vivo studies, subjects ingested 200 mg of clofazimine daily for a period of 5 days. At concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) M to 5 X 10(-3) M clofazimine caused a progressive dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil motility without detectable effects on phagocytosis, postphagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity, or myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination. Over the same concentration range, clofazimine inhibited lymphocyte transformation. The inhibitory effect on neutrophil motility was associated with a spontaneous stimulation of oxidative metabolism and could be prevented by coincubation of dapsone with clofazimine. after ingestion of clofazimine responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens was decreased in normal volunteers and leprosy patients: neutrophil motility in normal individuals was likewise inhibited.

Candida albicans↗