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Biomedical subjects

R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R Anderson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The antirheumatic effect of benoxaprofen.

This study was undertaken to investigate the antirheumatic activity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen. Ten patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were assessed before beginning drug therapy, using standard clinical criteria and serological tests of disease activity. These tests were repeated monthly during treatment with benoxaprofen for a period of 6 months. The results showed that benoxaprofen improved clinical parameters of disease activity, including morning stiffness, walking time, tenderness and swelling of joints and pain rating, in 7 of the 10 patients studied. One patient's condition remained unchanged and 2 deteriorated during the trial period. In the group of 7 patients who showed clinical improvement there were significant reductions in serum levels of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, IgA, IgM and IgE, as well as in erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Five of the 10 patients, all of whom were initially seropositive for rheumatoid factor, became seronegative at the end of the trial and 5 of 6 with raised C-reactive protein levels registered undetectable levels. Although this trial was uncontrolled, these findings indicate that benoxaprofen has antirheumatic properties.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Ascorbic acid in bronchial asthma.

Sixteen White children with bronchial asthma were divided into two groups; one received standard anti-asthma chemoprophylaxis (SAC) and the other SAC supplemented with 1 g ascorbic acid (Redoxon) given as a single daily dose for a 6-month period. In 10 patients the effects of ascorbic acid on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) were assessed by comparing the pre-ascorbic acid results with those obtained 2 1/2 hours after the intravenous injection of 1 g ascorbic acid. Immunological investigations performed on the two groups were assessment of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) motility, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and measurement of secretory IgA, serum immunoglobulin and total haemolytic complement levels and levels of the components C3 and C4, alpha 1-antitrypsin, antistreptolysin O (ASO), C-reactive protein and antibodies to certain respiratory viruses. These investigations were performed before and 1, 3 and 6 months after the commencement of therapy. Radio-allergosorbent testing for sensitivity to four common allergens was carried out at the outset and after 6 months of therapy. Injection of ascorbic acid had no detectable effects on the degree of EIB. Slight but not significant immunological changes were observed in the SAC group over the 6-month study period. However, in the SAC plus ascorbic acid group significantly improved PMNL motility and decreased ASO levels and reduced (although not to a significant extent) IgE levels and titres of antibodies to the respiratory viruses were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of nephelometry and complement-based tests for the detection of circulating immune complexes.

Sera from 20 normal adult control subjects and 28 patients suffering from various diseases which may be associated with an immune complex disorder were investigated, using three different techniques for detection of circulating immune complexes (CICs). The sera from the patients were assigned expected positive or negative ratings by the clinicians according to clinical and laboratory criteria. This information as well as the diagnoses was withheld until the results of immune complex determinations were available. The three tests used to detect CICs were laser nephelometry (LN), 125I-C1q binding and measurement of the C3 breakdown product C3c. Serum levels of the complement components C3 and C4 were assessed on the serum specimens from the patients. Results obtained from normal control sera showed that 18 of the 20 and all 20 were negative with the C1q binding technique and LN respectively. Of 16 sera for which a positive result was expected, 5 (31,3%) and 14 (87%) were positive when examined by the C1q binding technique and LN respectively; C3c determination produced no positive results. No false-negative results were obtained with the C1q binding and C3c tests, but 2 out of 16 (13%) results obtained with the LN test were false negative. LN is a rapid, sensitive test for the detection of CICs.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Complication of septorhinoplasty. Benign or malignant?

Routine septorhinoplasty on an unchanging nasal hump and deflected nasal septum resulted in subcutaneous respiratory epithelium, possibly surgically misplaced with a fibrotic host response. Progressive growth of the lesion over midface resulted in severe cosmetic deformity. Findings from repeated early biopsy specimens were benign. Removal of entire mass (44 g) failed to definitely resolve a tentative diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, grade 1. A study will be made from a nationwide sample. Prevention, treatment, and final diagnosis are the ultimate objectives.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Oxidative inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility mediated by the peroxidase/H2O2/halide system: studies on the reversible nature of the inhibition and mechanism of protection of migratory responsiveness by ascorbate, levamisole, thiamine and cysteine.

The antimicrobial oxidative system (myeloperoxidase (MPO), H2O2 and a halide) produced by stimulated PMNLs is simulated in vitro using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), H2O2 and NaI. Ascorbate, thiamine, levamisole and cysteine prevent and reverse the PMNL motility inhibiting effects of the HRP/H2O2/NaI system. The ability of these agents to protect the PMNL specifically from the known iodinating and oxidising abilities of this system was investigated. All four agents protect the PMNL from iodination by HRP/H2O2/NaI. However, only ascorbate and thiamine are able to reverse this process after it has occurred. Thiamine is seen on thin layer chromatography followed by autoradiography to be iodinated by this system. Ascorbate, thiamine and cysteine are able to protect the neutrophil sulfhydryl groups from oxidation by the system. One can therefore conclude that ascorbate and cysteine protect neutrophil motility from inhibition by the HRP/H2O2/NaI system by acting as reducing agents which maintain the neutrophil sulfhydryl groups. Thiamine also acts as a reducing agent, though not as effectively as ascorbate or cysteine. In addition, thiamine protects the PMNL from iodination by a competitive mechanism. The mechanism of levamisole protection is less clear but may involve scavenging of free radicals generated by the HRP/H2O2/NaI system. Protease enzymes, glycolysis and adherence are found not to be target sites for the PMNL motility inhibiting effects of the HRP/H2O2/NaI system. Further, increasing concentrations of the synthetic leukoattractant FMLP were shown to increase the auto-iodination of PMNLs without addition of extraneous peroxidase or peroxide. This data was compared with optimal FMLP concentrations for chemotaxis.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Further decrease in subclinical hemolysis utilizing 12.7 mm tubing in the arterial roller head.

In a series of 20 consecutive perfusions done for the same surgeon, 9.54 mm tubing was used in 10 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures (Group 1), and 12.7 mm (1/2 in) internal diameter tubing was used in 8 CABG operations and 2 single valve replacements (Group 2). Extracorporeal circulation techniques were otherwise identical in all procedures. While no statistically significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 were noted for pump time or platelet counts, it was observed that the patients undergoing perfusions with 12.7 mm internal diameter tubing showed significantly less hemolysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The effects of ketoconazole on cellular and humoral immune functions.

The effects of ketoconazole at varying concentrations on in-vitro neutrophil random migration, chemotaxis to autologous endotoxin--activated serum and the synthetic chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine, phagocytosis and postphagocytic hexose monophosphate shunt activity and myeloperoxidase--mediated protein iodination were investigated. Neutrophil functions, in-vivo mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation and levels of serum immunoglobulins and complement components were also assessed before and after ingestion of ketoconazole by six individuals. It was found that ketoconazole caused stimulation of neutrophil migration to leucoattractants 2 h after ingestion of a single dose of 400 mg ketoconazole. This stimulation was not sustained. The drug had no effect on the random migration of neutrophils. Likewise serum levels of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA, total haemolytic complement and serum levels of the complement components C3 and C4 were unaffected. Ketoconazole in vitro had no effect on the neutrophil functions tested. Ingestion of ketoconazole caused a slight inhibition of lymphocyte mitogen-induced transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Coronaviridae.

The family Coronaviridae comprises a monogeneric group of 11 viruses which infect vertebrates. The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) Morphological: Enveloped pleomorphic particles typically 100 nm in diameter (range 60-220 nm), bearing about 20 nm long club-shaped surface projections. (ii) Structural: A single-stranded infectious molecule of genomic RNA of about (5-7) X 10(6) molecular weight. A phosphorylated nucleocapsid protein [mol. wt. (50-60) X 10(3)] complexed with the genome as a helical ribonucleoprotein; a surface (peplomer) protein, associated with one or two glycosylated polypeptides [mol. wt. (90-180) X 10(3)]; a transmembrane (matrix) protein, associated with one polypeptide which may be glycosylated to different degrees [mol. wt. (20-35) X 10(3)]. (iii) Replicative: Production in infected cells of multiple 3' coterminal subgenomic mRNAs extending for different lengths in the 5' direction. Virions bud intracytoplasmically. (iv) Antigenic: 3 major antigens, each corresponding to one class of virion protein. (v) Biological: Predominantly restricted to infection of natural vertebrate hosts by horizontal transmission via the fecal/oral route. Responsible main for respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Further studies on the hypernoradrenergic state of treated hypertensives: effect of captopril.

We investigated the effect of captopril on plasma norepinephrine concentration and blood pressure in two groups of hypertensive patients. One group consisted of five severely hypertensive patients rendered hypernoradrenergic by administration of a minoxidil-propranolol-diuretic regimen. The other group was ten untreated mildly hypertensive patients. Two hours after 12.5mg of captopril, blood pressure was lowered (p less than .05) in four of the five hypernoradrenergic patients from 180 +/- 8/102 +/- 8 to 132 +/- 7/77 +/- 8 mmHg. Chronic administration of 100-150mg of captopril tid caused no further blood pressure reduction. Precaptopril plasma norepinephrine concentration was 925 +/- 206 and two hours after the 12.5mg dose was 807 +/- 80 pg/ml. Three months later having advanced the dose to 300-450 mg/day it was lower (p less than .05) at 752 pg/ml. The acute blood pressure response correlated (r = -0.72, p less than .001) with the precaptopril plasma norepinephrine. Precaptopril blood pressure in the mild hypertensive patients was 146 +/- 4/98 +/- 1, after a 25-100mg dose it was 137 +/- 6/91 +/- 2 (diastolic p less than .05) and at two months with the same captopril dose bid it was 141 +/- 8/88 +/- 4 mmHg (diastolic p less than .01). Corresponding initial PNE was 425 +/- 72, two hours after captopril 405 +/- 47 and 310 +/- 63 pg/ml (p less than .05) with chronic administration. Thus, captopril lowers blood pressure in both hypernoradrenergic and eunoradrenergic hypertensive patients without increasing plasma norepinephrine suggesting some unique dampening effect of this drug on the sympathetic nervous system. Also, addition of captopril to triple therapy lowered blood pressure in proportion to plasma norepinephrine levels suggesting importance to its action on this sympathetic nervous system effector.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Minority alcoholism programs: issues in service delivery models.

This article describes how one metropolitan community attempted to set up a program to treat Black alcoholics. The effort is analyzed from direct service and administrative perspectives. When this program failed, an alternative model was developed. The two programs are compared, and an integrated model for minority community alcoholism services is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of induction of suppressor activity in human mononuclear leukocytes by ascorbate and cysteine in vitro.

Concanavalin A (con A) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen caused increased oxidative metabolism and suppressor activity in human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro. The relationship between enhanced oxidative metabolism and suppressor activity in MNL was investigated using the water-soluble anti-oxidants ascorbate and cysteine at fixed concentrations of 1 X 10(-3) M. Ascorbate and cysteine inhibited both the induction of suppressor activity and increased oxidative metabolism in MNL caused by con A and benoxaprofen. It is proposed that ascorbate and cysteine prevent the induction of non-specific suppressor activity in MNL by an anti-oxidant mechanism.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Networking: a method of retaining nursing staff.

Nursing administrators are well aware of the negative impact of nursing turnover on the quality of nursing care and the productivity of a nursing department. They are equally aware of the high cost of continually recruiting and orienting new nursing staff. Yet finding a solution to the problem of turnover has proved very difficult. This article proposes the use of networking as a method of retaining nursing staff. A conceptual design is offered that focuses on communication and collaboration. This networking plan relies on aspects of the nursing process--assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation--to reach its goal: retention of high-quality nursing staff.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1983

Dehydroascorbate uptake as an in vitro biochemical marker of granulocyte differentiation.

We tested the hypothesis that the rate of cellular uptake of dehydroascorbate in cultures of developing granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in vitro would serve as a biochemical marker of neutrophil maturation. Suspension cultures of low-density, nonadherent, T-lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells from eight normal volunteers were cultured in medium containing 10% human placental conditioned medium and were harvested at intervals over 14 days. The harvested cells were tested for their ability to take up dehydroascorbate. Mean cellular uptake rate increased 12-fold by Day 10, at which time the cells had differentiated to neutrophils. Uptake increased by less than 2-fold in cells which had been induced to differentiate to mature mononuclear phagocytes with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Additional studies using HL-60 cells induced to differentiate with dimethyl sulfoxide or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate support the view that a major increase in dehydroascorbate uptake in cultured granulopoietic progenitors is a manifestation of a neutrophil differentiation.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Accurate laboratory measurement of serum C-reactive protein levels.

Estimations of serum levels of the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed by three different techniques, viz. the latex indirect agglutination (LIA) test, rocket immuno-electrophoresis (RIE) and laser nephelometry (LN), on 50 consecutive serum specimens referred to the routine serology laboratory. Of the specimens 27, 18 and 13 were positive using the LIA, RIE and LN techniques respectively. The best correlation coefficient was obtained for RIE and LN (0,9113) and the poorest for LIA and LN (0,7712). We conclude that for determination of CRP the LIA test may be useful as a screening test but must be considered poorly quantitative and prone to produce false-positive results. The most accurate techniques with regard to quantitation or RIE and LN. A combination of LIA as a screening test with subsequent quantitation with either RIE or LN is recommended.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗