Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Agrawal

Publications and source records attributed to R Agrawal.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Blunt renal injury--an experience of 30 cases.

Thirty cases of blunt renal injury are reviewed. The need for rapid and accurate diagnosis of these cases with excretory urography, supplemented in certain patients with renal angiography, is discussed. High-dose excretory urography allows the cases to be categorized into minor or major injuries. All minor injuries can be managed without operation. For major injuries, a conservative approach, if necessary followed by surgical exploration, avoids loss of organ in most of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Control of gap junction formation in canine trachea by arachidonic acid metabolites.

This study examined whether the synthesis of the metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) was involved in gap junction formation by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) treatment in vitro in canine trachealis. Studies were made of the effects on gap junction formation of putative inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase and of both this and the lipoxygenase pathway of AA metabolism and the direct effects of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and I2. The number of gap junctions of similar size was increased after brief exposure to 4-AP. After indomethacin (IDM), 4-AP treatment decreased the number of gap junctions but did not affect their size. Pretreatment with 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid or nordihydroguiaretic acid, putative inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes, inhibited both the 4-AP-induced increase and decrease in the number of gap junctions. FPL 55712, a putative antagonist of leukotriene C4, did not alter either the number or the size of gap junctions when added alone or in combination with IDM. AA alone increased the number of gap junctions, but after IDM, AA decreased the number of gap junctions compared with the controls. Incubation of trachealis strips in vitro for 30 min with PGE2 increased the number of gap junctions by about threefold along with an increase in the size of the gap junctions. Similar incubation with PGI2, however, increased the number of gap junctions by approximately 60% without any change in the size. In the course of some control experiments, an interaction between carbachol and alcohol was observed such that alcohol caused an IDM-sensitive relaxation of carbachol-induced contractions, which was not observed when serotonin was the contractile agent. These results strongly suggest that PGE2 and PGI2 increase the formation of gap junctions in canine trachealis and that these prostanoids are released by 4-AP treatment. Leukotrienes may also be inhibitory in the formation of gap junctions, but FPL 55712 did not affect either the increase or the decrease in gap junctions after 4-AP.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1986

Rheumatic fever: clinical profile of the initial attack in India.

The clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever in developing countries is frequently reported to differ from that in developed countries. This probably arose because a distinction was not made between the manifestations of the initial attack and those of a recurrence. Here, we report the patterns of presentation and clinical features of 100 cases of carefully determined initial attacks of rheumatic fever. As many as half the patients had carditis, and, of these, 50% exhibited congestive cardiac failure. This high incidence arises because in developing countries with limited health-care facilities patients continue to be physically active during the long pre-admission period. The study confirms that the clinical profile of the initial attack of rheumatic fever in developing countries is in most respects not unlike that in developed countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Anxiety and adjustment levels among the visually and hearing impaired and their relationship to locus of control, cognitive, social, and biographical variables.

Forty-five hearing-impaired and 40 visually impaired male residential school children aged 6 to 16 years were administered measures of adjustment, anxiety, and locus of control (LOC). Scores related to intelligence and academic level, teacher and peer acceptance, and biographical variables were also obtained. The findings show that the correlates of anxiety and adjustment differed qualitatively as well as quantitatively between the groups.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatic exocrine function and cyclic nucleotides in the diabetic rat.

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat results in a 30% decrease in serum amylase and an 80% decrease in pancreatic amylase levels. Pancreatic trypsinogen levels decrease 50% whereas pancreatic lipase levels increase 30%. Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels (cAMP and cGMP) increase 40-100%, urine cyclic nucleotide levels decrease 75-99%, but pancreatic cyclic nucleotide levels are unchanged. Short-term insulin treatment restores pancreatic amylase and trypsinogen levels to normal but has no effect on serum amylase or pancreatic lipase levels. Plasma cAMP levels decrease 20% toward normal during insulin treatment, but no other effects on cyclic nucleotide levels occur. These data confirm the profound but reversible effect of experimental diabetes mellitus on pancreatic secretion of amylase and trypsinogen. The results suggest that cyclic nucleotides do not play a direct role in the generation of pancreatic exocrine deficiency in diabetes mellitus or its reversal by insulin.

Amylases↗
PubMed1980

Radiochromium distribution in thyroid and parathyroid deficiency.

Body retention and tissue distribution of a 51chromium (Cr) tracer were studied in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats and in TPTX rats after replacement with thyroxin, calcitonin, or parathyroid hormone. A tracer dose containing 1 ng Cr or less and 0.5 to 0.7 muCi of high specific activity 51Cr (Cr III) was injected intravenously in control, TPTX, and TPTX animals receiving hormone replacement. Three days later, the 51Cr content of the serum and various tissues was determined and the data were expressed as percent dose per milliliter or gram and as tissue: serum 51Cr ratios. TPTX resulted in a significant increase in total body 51Cr retention and 40 to 240% increases in serum and tissue 51Cr levels. Tissue:serum 51Cr ratios were uniformly depressed. Replacement with thyroxin completely or partially reversed these changes in all tissues studied except bone. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone had no consistent effect on body, serum, or tissue 51Cr levels. These data, indicating that 51Cr distribution is influenced by thyroid hormone activity but not by calcitonin or parathyroid hormone, are compatible with the hypothesis that thyroid hormone controls cellular Cr transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Radiochromium distribution in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats.

The effects of hypophyseal and adrenal ablation (HYPOX, ADX) on trivalent radiochromium (51Cr) distribution and of GH and T4 replacement in HYPOX rats were determined. Hypophysectomy increased body retention of 51Cr by 20--35%, and hormonal replacement restored body retention to normal. Serum 51Cr was increased 300--800%, resulting in depressed tissue to serum 51Cr ratios. GH replacement partially restored the 51Cr distribution abnormalities in HYPOX rats to normal. The combination of T4 with GH enhanced the restoration of normal 51Cr distribution, and tissue to serum 51Cr ratios returned to baseline levels. ADX had no effect on body retention of 51Cr but had a small effect on increases in serum and tissue 51Cr levels. As a result, tissue to serum 51Cr ratios did not change. These data indicate that in the HYPOX state there is a marked disturbance in Cr metabolism which is due to deficiencies of both GH and T4. Whether or not adrenal hormones are envolved in 51Cr distribution will require further study.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1976

Effect of angiotensin II on cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human plasma.

Infusion of alpha-adrenergic catecholamines increases plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (pcGMP), raising the possibility that the pressor effect of these agents may be mediated by cyclic GMP. We infused pressor doses of angiotensin II in 10 studies in 8 normal subject and measured pcGMP and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (pcAMP) by radioimmunoassay. After 120 minutes of infusion, mean pcGMP was 128 +/- 31% (SE) higher than baseline values (P less than 0.01) while pcAMP was increased 30 +/- 10% (P less than 0.05).

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1974

Cyclic guanosine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphates in canine thyroid: localization by immunofluorescence.

When guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) are localized in canine thyroid by a flurescence Immunocytochemical procedure, distinct staining patterns for each nucleotide are seen: Cyclic AMP is distributed throughout the follicular cell cytoplasm before and after administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, while cyclic GMP is localized to the follicular cell mumbrane in the control state, and increased cytoplasmic fluorescence is visualized after acetylcholine. These data provide histological evidence that correlates with cyclic nucleotide tissue measurements, sugesting diverse roles of the two nucleotides in thyroid function.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endometriosis: appearance and detection with conventional and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo techniques.

Suspected pelvic endometriosis was prospectively evaluated in 31 women with T1- and T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (CSE) magnetic resonance imaging alone and in combination with T1-weighted fat-suppressed (T1FS) and gadolinium-enhanced T1FS (Gd-T1FS) spin-echo techniques. Images were grouped for interpretation and comparison as follows: (a) CSE alone, (b) CSE/T1FS, and (c) CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS. All patients underwent surgery within 3 months of imaging, and 21 patients were found to have endometriosis: 59 endometriomas (26 large and 33 small) and 51 sites of implants were seen. With CSE images, 23 large and six small endometriomas were detected. With CSE/T1FS images, 25 large and 14 small endometriomas were identified. With CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images, 24 large and 14 small endometriomas were detected and ill-defined areas of enhancement were noted in 22 sites throughout the pelvis. These corresponded to endometriotic implants seen at surgery in 14 sites. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, for the detection of endometriosis were 76%, 60%, and 71% for CSE, 86%, 50%, and 74% for CSE/T1FS, and 81%, 50%, and 71% for CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images. No significant differences (P > .1) between image combinations for correctly identifying patients with and without endometriosis were seen. The difference in sensitivity between CSE and CSE/T1FS and between CSE and CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images for detecting small endometriomas was significant (P = .03).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of a ventricular tachycardia-focus with multichannel magnetocardiography and three-dimensional current density reconstruction.

The objective of this case report is to determine the accurate localization of a malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT) focus by combining multichannel magnetocardiographic (MCG) information with morphologic data. The localization was obtained by calculating the three-dimensional current density distribution (3D-CDD) on the left ventricular surface. To estimate the accuracy of this localization technique, examinations of a healthy volunteer were additionally performed. The MCG-signals were recorded in a magnetically shielded room by a 49-channel magnetogradiometer. The corresponding morphologic information was recorded by magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). The coordinate systems were matched with the help of markers. The 3D-CDD was calculated by the Philips CURRY software package. The origin of a malignant VT determined by X-ray images of the ablation catheter position during the electrophysiological examination (EPE), was used as the gold standard. This was then compared with the localization results obtained by the 3D-CDD. It was found that the localization coordinates showed a difference of less than 10 mm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor: MR findings.

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cell tumor is a rare benign neoplasm of the kidney that typically presents with hypertension, secondary hyperaldosteronism, hypocalcemia, and hyperreninism. We describe a case of JG cell tumor diagnosed with MRI.

Adolescent↗