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Biomedical subjects

R Agrawal

Publications and source records attributed to R Agrawal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The free radical system in ischemic heart disease.

The present work was conducted to evaluate the oxygen free radical system in 29 patients and comparing them with nine matched healthy controls of acute and chronic myocardial ischemic syndromes. The parameters assessed for oxidative stress were superoxide anion and malonyldialdehyde, and for the antioxidant defence system were superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. Both oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system were altered in myocardial ischemia. Subset analysis revealed that in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, superoxide anion, malonyldialdehyde and glutathione reductase were elevated while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were reduced. In stable angina only increased levels of superoxide anion and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase were found. However, this alteration was less marked than in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. In the post myocardial infarction group there was no alteration in any of these parameters.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1993

Iatrogenic pulsatile tinnitus.

We present an unusual case of iatrogenic arteriovenous malformation following a myringoplasty and its treatment by embolization. Thorough examination and investigation of patients with pulsatile tinnitus is stressed. Angiography is essential to diagnose life-threatening and treatable lesions in the presence of normal otoscopy, audiologic assessment and enhanced computed tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of gamma-interferon or cycloheximide treatment on viral and c-myc transcripts in bovine-papillomavirus-type-1-transformed primary mouse fibroblasts.

We have studied the effect of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) treatment on the transcription of viral and c-myc oncogenes in bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1)-transformed mouse fibroblast cell lines. Upon IFN-gamma treatment, viral transcripts always decreased in cell lines containing episomal BPV-1 DNA, while the effect was variable in cell lines containing integrated BPV-1 DNA. Two series of tumour cell lines established by in vivo passage of B6B71 (episomal) and B6B31-J (integrated) cells via nude mice (NuTu A) into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (NuTuA B6Tul) also showed a decrease and an increase, respectively, in viral transcripts upon IFN-gamma treatment. IFN-gamma also reduced c-myc transcription in all cell lines derived from tumours, but increased it in the transformed cell cultures. There was selection of c-myc oncogene transcripts in all the tumour-derived cell lines as compared to their transformed cell cultures. Cycloheximide treatment increased both viral and c-myc gene transcripts 3- to 20-fold in all cell lines. These results imply that IFN-gamma produced locally by immunological mechanisms may influence the expression of Papillomavirus oncogenes, and the response to IFN-gamma treatment may change when the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The open access ENT casualty service.

The ENT specialist's experience of emergencies is usually influenced by a process of prior selection in the GP surgery or in a general Casualty Department. A survey of 1,000 consecutive patients presenting to a 24 hour open access ENT Casualty service is presented. For a variety of reasons, over half of these patients had never sought their G.P.'s advice for their ENT complaint but preferred the hospital service. The value of even a brief exposure to ENT casualty work for GP trainees is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Integration of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA and analysis of the amplified virus-cell junctions in transformed primary mouse fibroblasts.

We have analysed the site of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA integration in clones originating from a transformed primary mouse fibroblast cell line established by transfection of linear BPV-1 DNA. Viral DNA was integrated at a single site in the host genome with an intact early region and an almost complete long control region. Sequence analysis showed that the BPV-1 DNA was integrated at the HindIII site (the enzyme used to linearize the BPV-1 DNA for transfection) with short deletions at both ends. These deletions correspond to a 534 bp segment spanning the 3' end of the L1 open reading frame and the replication enhancer element in the BPV-1 genome. The cellular sequences 5' to the viral integration site exhibited 85 to 97% identity to several sequences belonging to the mouse L1 family of long interspersed repetitive sequences. Cellular sequences 3' to the viral DNA exhibited no significant similarity to any known sequence. The BPV-1 sequences and the cellular flanking sequences were found to be amplified 45- to 50-fold. All the cell clones shared an identical integration site but one of the clones had an additional population of amplified and integrated BPV-1 DNA molecules with an internal deletion of 1136 bp in the late region. The significance of viral DNA integration at a murine long interspersed repetitive sequence containing an amplification-promoting sequence is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bovine papillomavirus type 1-transformed primary mouse fibroblasts show no correlation between tumorigenicity and viral gene expression, but c-myc gene expression is elevated in tumorigenic cell lines.

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1)-transformed primary mouse fibroblasts containing episomal or integrated BPV-1 sequences were analysed for virus-specific transcripts and c-myc gene expression. Total BPV-1-specific expression was high in cell lines containing episomal BPV-1 DNA in comparison to lines containing integrated BPV-1 sequences, mainly due to higher expression of the E6/E7 sequences. No correlation was found between the viral transcription and tumorigenicity, although BPV-1 gene expression occurred in all cell lines. High levels of c-myc expression were found in all cell lines exhibiting a tumorigenic phenotype as compared to the nontumorigenic lines. These data suggest that expression of BPV-1 genes may be essential for transformation but not tumorigenicity, whereas high levels of expression of cellular oncogenes like c-myc may be associated with tumorigenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in lean and obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The evidence that some women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are hyperinsulinaemic has brought into question their risk of developing early coronary artery disease. We have focused on three cardiac risk factors which have been associated with hyperinsulinaemia by measuring glucose tolerance, fasting serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure in women with PCOS. DESIGN: Comparison of clinical and biochemical measurements in lean and obese women with PCOS and in women with normal ovaries. Determinants of the risk factors for coronary artery disease were assessed by multiple regression analysis. PATIENTS: One hundred and two women with ultrasound diagnosed PCOS and 19 lean women with normal ovaries were studied. Patients were recruited from a reproductive endocrine clinic. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL2, glucose tolerance, fasting and stimulated insulin, gonadotrophins, testosterone and androstenedione were measured during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Recumbent blood pressure was measured automatically. RESULTS: Lean women with PCOS were found to be hyperinsulinaemic and have reduced serum HDL and HDL2 concentrations compared to women with normal ovaries; serum insulin concentrations correlated positively with plasma glucose and blood pressure measurements in multiple regression analysis. Obese women with PCOS were in addition found to have higher systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and plasma glucose concentration than lean women with PCOS and controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the evidence that hyperinsulinaemic women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and therefore form a population in whom metabolic screening is advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Unusual presentation of verrucous carcinoma of maxillary antrum.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma that is most often seen in the oral cavity and larynx. This paper describes a case report of a rare tumor with an unusual presentation. This patient presented with recurrent pyoceles and was diagnosed by chance. Carcinoma of maxilla is rarely diagnosed until the bony walls are eroded. This condition should be kept in mind in patients presenting with recurrent pyocele and a biopsy carried out from the maxilla.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1991

Alterations in plasma sodium and potassium levels following chronic oral ingestion of lead, mercury and cadmium in male albino rats.

Adult male albino rats were orally administered 0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm of lead nitrate, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride for 60, 120 and 180 days. The plasma sodium levels were decreased in rats exposed to varying doses of lead and mercury up to 180 days, while animals which consumed cadmium chloride showed an increase in sodium levels. In lead and mercury treated animals, plasma potassium levels were increased up to 180 days. The levels were decreased in cadmium exposed rats. These observations suggest that chronic exposure to these heavy metals considerably influences plasma sodium and potassium levels depending on the dose and duration of exposure.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Serum protein changes in lead exposed mice infected with Hymenolepis nana.

Significant decrease in serum globulin took place in Hymenolepis nana mouse model treated with lead prior to infection. Decrease of alpha, beta and gamma globulins was maximum on day 4 in comparison to that of control, gradually tapering off by day 100 when suppression was minimum with the experimental values almost reaching the same level as those of the control. Thus, suppression of globulins was neither total nor permanent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Increased susceptibility of lead exposed chickens to experimental infection of Ascaridia galli.

Two sets of one day old, white leghorn (Victoria Strain) chickens were each orally exposed to 1.0 mg lead nitrate daily for 7 days and subsequently infected with 15 and 30 A. galli eggs. These experimental chickens exposed to lead harboured significantly greater worm burden when compared to unexposed controls leading strong support to the view that lead exposure significantly suppressed their immune response to A. galli infection. It also indicated that exposure of lead prior to infection greatly impaired weakened the immune capability of such chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The human cervical myotomes: an anatomical correlation between electromyography and CT/myelography.

To correlate the accuracy of electromyography in diagnosing the correct root involved in cervical radiculopathy, 20 patients with cervical radiculopathy, diagnosed by electromyography using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, were studied. Metrizamide myelography/computerized tomography were evaluated in all 20 patients independently, and the involved root was defined. The root involved, using the EMG examination and the myotome chart of the Medical Research Council, was C5 in 3 patients, C6 in 6, C7 in 9 patients, and C8 in 2 patients. The overall correlation with myelography/CT was 65% (33.3, 66.6, 77.7, and 50% for C5, C6, C7, and C8, respectively). EMG done properly has a good correlation of myelography/CT. This correlation is higher (73.3%) for the commonly occurring cervical radiculopathies (C6 and C7).

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Attention and short-term memory in normal children, aggressive children, and non-aggressive children with attention-deficit disorder.

In the present study, fifteen 7- to 9-year-old male school children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) as well as matched groups of aggressive and normal children were compared on scores obtained for initial acquisition of information and its maintenance in the short-term score under various attentional loads. Bi-colored, alphanumeric arrays were used in a partial-report technique. Retention was measured 0, 5, 10, and 20 s, after pre- and postexposure under both rehearsal and nonrehearsal conditions. ADD children (a) were deficient in original acquisition, (b) were unable to take sufficient advantage of decreased load conditions, and (c) showed decrements over time that paralleled those of the control group (CG). The results have been interpreted in light of maturational lag and the differences between ADD and aggressive groups.

Aggression↗