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Biomedical subjects

R Agarwal

Publications and source records attributed to R Agarwal.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Ultrasonic studies of gall-bladder stones.

Measurements of ultrasonic speed, attenuation and other derived physical properties of gallstones, in vitro, have been evaluated and reported. A double-probe-contact through-transmission technique was used; the average values of ultrasonic speed and attenuation were found to be 1897 m s-1 and 10.2 dB cm-1, respectively, at 2.5 MHz (the value of speed thus being about 25% higher than that in water or soft biological tissues). The object of the present study was to determine the characteristics of stones to permit the optimization of a disintegrator design.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1989

Dermatitis artefacta.

Dermatitis artefacta is an uncommonly encountered condition. This paper presents a case report of two such rare patients. The symptomatology and history of fourteen and sixteen year old males with dermatitis artefacta are described. Possible psychophysiological aetiology of the cases is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of carcinogenic effect of jute batching oil (JBO-P) fractions following topical application to mouse skin.

Jute batching oil (JBO-P), a mineral oil fraction used in the processing of jute fibers, was, as reported in our earlier studies, found to be tumorigenic following repeated topical application to mouse skin. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to identify the carcinogenic constituents of this oil. The JBO was fractionated into (1) PAH free fraction, (2) fraction containing two- and three-ring PAHs and (3) more than three-ring PAH fractions by an enrichment procedure. These three JBO fractions along with unfractionated and reconstituted oil were then subjected to the in vivo assay of complete carcinogenic activity of JBO-P and its fractions following its topical application to mouse skin. The results showed that only unfractionated and reconstituted JBO-P samples per se were able to produce benign skin tumours, while all the other three fractions, i.e. PAH-free fraction, two- and three-ring PAH-containing fraction and more than three-ring PAH-containing fraction failed to produce tumours up to 40 weeks after application. In an extended study, mice belonging to the groups exposed to various fractions of JBO were promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent skin tumour promoter, for the two stage initiation-promotion protocol for skin carcinogenesis. After 14 weeks of promotion with TPA, all the surviving animals exposed to the fraction having more than three-ring PAHs developed benign tumours on their backs, while the other two fractions failed to do so.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

The treatment of crotalid envenomation without antivenin.

Eighty-one patients were treated for crotalid envenomation over the past 12 years at the Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston. Bites were inflicted by copperheads (56%), water moccasins (15%), and rattlesnakes (12%). In 17% of patients the species of snake was not identified. Using a grading scale of one to four from minimal to severe envenomation, 54% were grade I, 29% grade II, 7% grade III, 6% grade IV, and 4% were not graded because the patients were seen more than 12 hours after envenomation and not evaluated by other physicians. Five patients received one dose (10 cc) of crotalid antivenin each before transfer to our Emergency Center. All patients were treated with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis, immobilization of the injured part, and elevation of the extremity to the level of the heart. No patients received antivenin or excisional therapy at this institution and one minor digital fasciotomy was performed. There were no deaths or amputations in this series. Eight patients developed superficial necrosis of the skin but only one required a skin graft. Three patients developed hematologic abnormalities and were treated with either platelet transfusions or fresh-frozen plasma. One patient required dopamine for hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. This experience supports a conservative approach to venomous snakebites and raises the question about the need to utilize traditional therapy for snakebites caused by species seen in our locality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Jute batching oil: a tumor promoter on mouse skin.

A mineral oil essentially used in the jute industry for the "batching" of jute fibers, and earlier reported to be nontumorigenic on mouse skin, has been found to be a tumor promoter following a two-stage mouse-skin bioassay protocol. The types of tumors developed after initiation with a single dose of urethane or 3-methylcholanthrene (subcutaneously), followed by repeated skin painting with jute batching oil (JBO) included benign papillomas, keratoacanthomas, and fibrosarcomas. Chemical analysis of this oil indicated the total aromatic content was 11.71% and the amount of fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and triphenylene was in the range of 192.54 to 227.79 mg/kg in the test sample. The underlying biochemical mechanisms for the tumor-promoting effect of JBO seemed to operate through a different pathway rather than involving the induction of cytochrome-dependent monoxygenase and N-demethylase activities in the tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polyaromatic hydrocarbon profile of a mineral oil (JBO-P) by gas chromatography.

The present investigation was aimed at identifying the compound(s) responsible for the carcinogenic activity of a variety of jute batching oil (known as non-FDA variety, pre-FDA variety, or JBO-P), a crude petroleum distillate substantially used in jute industries. This was initially performed by isolating from JBO-P a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction containing compounds of more than three rings. This fraction was then analysed for its PAH profile by gas chromatography and individual components identified by comparing its flame ionisation detector (FID) signal with those obtained from reference PAHs. The results revealed that PAHs of more than three rings, reported to be a recognised class of chemical carcinogens, were present in the JBO-P sample at the level of 3300 mg/kg of oil (0.33%, w/w); benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene, known to be highly potent carcinogens, constituted 129 mg/kg (0.0129%, w/w) and 29 mg/kg (0.0029%, w/w) of the total oil, respectively; and except for a few signals, the PAH profile of JBO-P was found to be somewhat similar to that reported for a sample of carcinogenic used engine oil.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Quantification of tumour initiating effect of jute batching oil and its distillates over mouse skin.

In order to identify the tumour initiating constituent(s) of a mineral oil, jute batching oil (JBO), used in the processing of jute fibres, it was fractionally distilled in various boiling range fractions. The latter were then subjected to in vivo assessment of their aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducing potential in mouse epidermis. Fractions with almost similar AHH inducing potential were regrouped and studied for their tumour initiating potential over mouse skin following two-stage initiation-promotion protocol and using 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as tumour promoter. It was noticed that: (1) JBO as initiator, provoked local development of benign skin tumours over mouse back; (2) fractions of JBO boiling below 335 degrees C and above 399 degrees C accounted for most of the tumour initiating potential of the oil; (3) the histological features of the tumours (i.e. benign papillomas and keratoacanthomas) initiated by these fractions were similar to those developed after being initiated with unfractionated or reconstituted JBO; (4) removal of these fractions from JBO may be attempted which could decontaminate the batch oil from most of its tumorigenic components and make it safer for industrial use.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

CNS, anthelmintic and antiinflammatory activities of some 1-[2/3-(2-phenyl benzimidazole)]2-methyl/phenyl-4-(3,4-disubstituted benzylidene)5-oxo-imidazoles.

Twelve title compounds were synthesised by condensing 2-(2/3 amino phenyl)benzimidazoles with appropriate 2-methyl/phenyl 4(3,4-disubstituted benzylidene)oxazolin 5-ones in dry pyridine and screened for toxicity gross CNS, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory activities. In their lethal test, all the compounds were found to be non-toxic, and CNS depressants and hypothermic in their neuropharmacological testings. They showed valuable results against N. brasiliensis, whereas, were inactive against H. nana in their in vivo anthelmintic screening. Most of them showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin induced oedema.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antitubercular and CNS activities of some 2-aryl-3-[N-(2/3/4-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]iminomethylenyl indoles.

The title 2-aryl-3-[N-(2/3/4-benzimidazol 2yl)phenyl]iminomethylenyl indoles were synthesised by condensing 2-aryl-indol-3-aldehydes with 2-(2/3/4-aminophenyl)benzimidazoles in isopropanol and characterised by elemental and spectral (IR, PMR) studies. Compounds were screened in vivo for toxicity and gross CNS effects on albino mice and in vitro for antitubercular activity against human tuberculosis bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37RV. The tested compounds were nontoxic and CNS depressant. Some of them have been found to possess significant antitubercular activity, comparable with streptomycin.

Animals↗