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Biomedical subjects

R Adam

Publications and source records attributed to R Adam.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Local recurrence in breast cancer. Course of the disease with reference to morphologic parameters].

In 124 patients suffering from a local recurrence after primary treatment of a breast cancer the course of disease was checked in a retrospective manner. This particular study points out the dependence of the clinical outcome on morphological indicators. The results show that local recurrence is mostly accompanied by a generalisation of the disease and on the whole by a poor prognosis. After five years only 29% of the patients with local recurrence are still alive. Of the morphological indicators the lymphatic carcinomatosis is the most important factor related with poor prognosis. Infiltration of the pectoralis muscle has no influence on the further course. Only in few cases breast tissue that has been left after the first surgical therapy can be regarded as the starting point of a local recurrence. To avoid a further local recurrence the excision with clear tumour margins is necessary. If an incomplete removal has been carried out or in cases of narrow resection margins one has to reckon with new local recurrencies in half of all cases despite adjunctive radiotherapy. The results suggest that in cases of local recurrence beside the local treatment systemic therapy with hormones or chemotherapy might be important.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

[The role of mammography in the diagnosis of simultaneous second cancers in the contralateral breast].

In 1048 breast cancer patients, operated in the period 1969-1985 at the University of Erlangen Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, estimations were made to determine the relative contribution of mammography and meticulous histology to the diagnosis of simultaneous contralateral cancer. The incidence of a bilateral simultaneous disease was 17% (6.1% invasive forms, 10.6% in situ). Complete histological examination of the extirpated tissue as well as the occurrence of discrete radiological signs could account for the detection of 41% of all invasive and 39% of all in situ forms respectively. Those contralateral breast cancer cases detected just by means of mammography, but without any presence of clinical signs, recorded an average diameter of 9 mm and in 20% had metastacised to the axillary lymph nodes. Comparatively, clinically and radiologically diagnosed cases were 17 mm on average and the occurrence of axillary lymph node involvement was 41%. The conclusion is drawn, that a meticulous diagnostic effort is necessary in view of the high incidence of occurrence of simultaneous cancer on the other breast and the prognostic importance of an early diagnosis for many patients. Every minute radiologically detected sign in the other breast of patients with mammary carcinoma requires careful diagnostic clarification. However, it should be considered that the data presented were gathered in a situation in which the radiologist performed the X-ray examination, knowing that an excision would have been carried out in 85 percent of all cases even without his specific localisation. The presence of additional risk factors (lobular cancer, multicentricity and family history of breast cancer) make such an effort justified and obligatory as well.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Binaural summation and lateralization of transients: a combined analysis.

Subjects judged the loudness and the lateral position of dichotic transient signals, which were presented at equal and unequal levels, synchronously and asynchronously, to the two ears. Binaural loudness summation of clicks does not obey a law of linear addition: It is partial at low level and superadditive at high level. Supersummation is greater for interaurally delayed clicks than for coincidental ones. The relation between click loudness and sound pressure (over moderate SLs) can be described as a power function with a greater exponent for the binaural function. Lateral positions spread over a greater range for interaural level differences than for interaural time differences. The time-intensity trading ratio was greater than is typically reported for tones. When sound lateralization was induced by interaural time difference, but not by intensity difference, a virtually perfect negative correlation between loudness and extent of off-center displacement existed.

Attention↗
PubMed1987

Asanguineous isolated hyperthermic in vivo perfusion of the liver in the rat.

An experimental study was conducted in the rat to evaluate the sensitivity of the liver to hyperthermia and ischemia. A 15-min asanguineous isolated hyperthermic in vivo perfusion of the liver was done in rats with a normal liver and in rats with an hepatocarcinoma induced by chronic 3'-diethylaminoazobenzene intoxication. The perfusion was made using various ranges of temperature of the perfusate. In normal rats, the in vivo perfusion was well tolerated as long as the mean intrahepatic temperature remained under 38 degrees C. Postoperative evolution of serum transaminase level was similar whatever the temperature of the perfusate. Histological lesions of the hepatic parenchyma were as severe as the temperature of the perfusate was elevated. In rats with tumors, the mortality rate was elevated in the animals with large tumors. A moderate decrease in the serum alpha-fetoprotein level was observed during the first days after liver perfusion. In all cases, death occurred apparently as a direct consequence of liver injury. This study defines the sensitivity of the normal or neoplastic rat liver to hyperthermia and ischemia using a model of isolated in vivo perfusion of the liver. It provides a basis for further investigations on the effect of hyperthermia on experimental liver tumors.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1986

Arthrosonography of the irritable hip in childhood: a review of 1 year's experience.

A retrospective study of 87 children presenting acutely with an "irritable hip" was undertaken to assess the role of arthrosonography of the hip joint. Arthrosonography detected 52 hip-joint effusions, of which 16 were aspirated and an effusion confirmed in 14 (88%). In 82 cases plain radiography was compared with arthrosonography for the detection of hip-joint effusions. Of 47 children with a positive ultrasound diagnosis, 28 (59%) showed abnormal findings on plain radiographs and, of 35 cases with negative ultrasound findings, 22 (63%) had a negative diagnosis by plain radiography. Patients with more severe clinical signs were more likely to have an ultrasonic diagnosis of an effusion (87%-100%) than those with mild clinical signs (25%). The ultrasonic measurement of the hip-joint capsule to femoral neck distance was 2.2 mm +/- 0.5 mm (mean +/- 1 SD) in normal hips and 6.3 mm +/- 1.5 mm in the joints with effusions. Our study suggests that arthrosonographically the normal capsular space is less than 3 mm and the difference between the two sides less than 2 mm. It is suggested that hip arthrosonography is a more accurate method for detecting hip-joint effusions than plain radiography; it may help select cases for hospital admission and should be performed before aspiration is attempted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of hyperthermia on normal or neoplastic rat liver.

An experimental study was conducted in rats to evaluate the sensitivity of the liver to infrared hyperthermia. A 15-min hyperthermia session treating only the liver was done in rats with a normal hepatic parenchyma and in rats with hepatocarcinoma induced by chronic 3'-diethylaminoazobenzene intoxication, at various ranges of intrahepatic temperature. In normal rats, 40-42 degrees C hyperthermia was well tolerated, but the mortality rate increased when the intrahepatic temperature exceeded 42 degrees C. In rats with tumors, a 40-42 degrees C hyperthermia session was well tolerated in case of small tumors, but resulted in a high mortality rate in case of large tumors. In all cases, death occurred as a consequence of liver injury. This study using a simple method of hyperthermia defines the thermosensitivity of the neoplastic or normal rat liver and provides a basis for further investigations on the effect of hyperthermia on experimental liver tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Primary neoplasms of the central nervous system in Trinidad.

The incidence of primary neoplasms of the central nervous system in Trinidad is less than 1 case per 100.000 population per year. There is no significant difference in the sex and age distribution of the cases, but a definite racial difference is seen in the frequency of different CNS neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Endometrial carcinoma in young women.

Endometrial carcinoma in young women is uncommon. The majority of cases occur in women who have been taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives, in those with the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, or in those with gonadal dysgenesis treated by long-term oestrogen replacement therapy. We have observed 4 women under 40 years of age with adenocarcinoma of the uterus in whom chromosomal abnormalities associated with Turner's syndrome were confirmed only after the diagnosis of carcinoma had been made. None of these had received replacement oestrogen therapy. It is postulated that chromosomal abnormalities in young women with endometrial carcinoma are more common than previously thought. As the disease in this group appears to behave in a benign fashion, a conservative approach to therapy is advocated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The mega cisterna magna.

Eleven cases of enlarged cisterna magna were found in a series of 3000 computerized tomography scans. We believe mega cisterna magna by itself is not related to any specific symptoms and may not require further study or treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus-- a report of 73 patients.

In 1973 we reported results of ventricular shunting in 28 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. The present report consists of a three year follow-up of the latter (series 1), and an additional 45 patients (series 2) are presented for further insight into the conclusions drawn from the original experiences.

Adult↗