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Biomedical subjects

R Abe

Publications and source records attributed to R Abe.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[A study on the penetration of cefmenoxime into bile and gallbladder tissues and the pathological changes of inflamed tissues].

The penetration of cefmenoxime (CMX) into bile and gallbladder tissues was studied. A dose of 2 g CMX was given intravenously to each of patients with gallstones. Concentrations of CMX in the gallbladder tissues were 120.6 +/- 39.8 micrograms/g in normal tissues about 2 hours after the administration and 128.3 +/- 52.3 micrograms/g in inflamed tissues. The penetration of CMX into gallbladder tissue tended to decrease in proportion to the severity of inflammation, but the difference between the 2 groups, normal and inflamed tissues, were not statistically significant. The penetration of CMX into gallbladder tissue was presumed to increase in proportion to increase in the serum concentration of CMX. The result indicated that the achievement of high concentrations of CMX in the serum is important in the treatment of biliary tract diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of host immune response in breast cancer patients.

Cell-mediated immune status of breast cancer patients was evaluated by percentage of T gamma cells, natural killer (NK) activity, and the augmentation of NK cells by interferon. The patients with breast cancer did not show impaired cell-mediated immune responses until they were in the late stage of cancer. Sixty-one patients with breast cancer revealed higher proportions of T gamma cells measured by a new method utilizing microplate compared with those of 50 healthy subjects. Reduced NK activity was seen in the patients with stage III or IV breast cancer. Natural cytotoxicity against K-562 target cells was strongly augmentated by treatment with interferon in vitro for 2 hr, both in the patients with breast cancer and in healthy donors, except for far advanced breast cancer patients. A negative correlation between the percentage of T gamma cells and T cell was significant in the patients with primary breast cancer prior to radical mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Burkitt's lymphoma of the bilateral breasts presenting during lactation].

A 34-year-old postpartum woman with Burkitt's lymphoma is reported. Lymphoma involved the bilateral breasts chiefly, as well as the brain, ileocecal region and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Fourteen days after bilateral mastectomy, the patient suddenly went into a coma due to rapid progress of brain involvement. However, the coma improved the day after VEPA chemotherapy and radiation were undertaken, and the tumor-involved brain decreased significantly in size following chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy produced the almost complete disappearance of the remaining tumor. The patient is now being treated by a maintenance dose of Endoxan and is doing well. Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast in the present case had the clinical characteristics of bilateral involvement with rapid growth arising during lactation and pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A randomized controlled study of (2'' R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin and adriamycin in combination with cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced and recurrent breast cancer].

A comparative study of two combination chemotherapy regimens including (2'' R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) or Adriamycin (ADR) was performed to evaluate its efficacy and safety in advanced and recurrent breast cancer. In this study 64 patients were evaluated, and the response rate was 35.1% (13 of 37 patients) in group A (combination chemotherapy of THP, 5-Fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide), and 29.6% (8 of 27 patients) in group B (ADR, 5-Fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide). There was no statistically significant difference between the response rates of the two groups. As for safety, that of group A was significantly superior to group B for alopecia while that of group A tended to be lower than group B for anorexia. From the above results, THP in combination with cyclophosphamide and 5-Fluorouracil is comparable to ADR in efficacy and can be regarded as having better safety than ADR for the treatment of breast cancer.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1986

[Modified radical mastectomy and lymphocyte subsets of regional lymph nodes].

Whether or not regional lymph nodes in tumor-bearing hosts possess special immunological properties, still remains an important problem in the management of breast cancer. Regional lymph node cells from 22 patients with breast cancer were immunologically studied using monoclonal antibodies, OKT-3, 4, 8, OK-M 1, Leu-7, and laser flow cytometry. Among these patients, 13 early cancer patients underwent modified radical mastectomy (Auchincloss operation or Patey operation) and 9 underwent standard radical mastectomy (resection of breast, pectoralis major muscle and axillary dissection). More helper T lymphocytes defined by OKT-4 were found in regional lymph nodes in modified radical mastectomy patients in comparison with standard radical mastectomy patients. In patients given the modified operations, NK activity defined by OK-M 1 or Leu-7 were significantly increased, especially in lateral axillary lymph nodes. Also, OK-M 1 lymphocytes and Leu-7 lymphocytes were increased in lymph nodes without metastasis rather than those with metastasis. These findings suggest that regional lymph nodes may have defence mechanisms against the spread of tumor cells in early cancer patients.

Axilla↗
PubMed1985

Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening.

Since 1977, mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main activities consist of itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplace. In addition, examinations were also carried out at a detection center. The total number of subjects examined was 90,076 in mass screening, with 4172 (4.6%) of them requiring a second examination. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in the mass screening. In contrast, it was 3.1% at the center examination. Cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 31,833 subjects. Positive findings were seen in 4 (0.004%). The incidence of smaller tumors was higher and that of nodal metastasis was lower in subsequent examinations than in the initial screening. In the high-risk group, who also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than that among general subjects examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chromosome abnormalities in malignant histiocytosis.

Chromosome and pathologic studies were performed on two patients (a 12-year-old boy and a 62-year-old woman) with malignant histiocytosis (MH). Both patients had chromosome abnormalities in their neoplastic cells: the boy's karyotype was 45,Xp+,-Y,9p+,18q-, and the woman's 48,XX,+16, inv(1),mar(5),6p-,10p+,12q+,i(18q),+i(18q). The boy had typical clinical and pathologic findings of MH, and died without achieving remission by chemotherapy. At the initial stage the woman had the clinical and hematologic findings of MH. Chemotherapy was given, but had no beneficial effects. At the terminal stage the bone marrow (BM) biopsy and aspirate, and the autopsy findings, were consistent with those of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large cell type, although some histiocytes or abnormal cells in monocyte-macrophage lineage remained in the BM and the autopsied lymph nodes. This study and a review of data on six other cases have failed to establish any specific chromosome changes in MH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Subungual melanoma. A clinicopathologic study of 16 Japanese cases.

Melanoma occurs much less frequently among Japanese than among white people. The occurrence of subungual melanoma is uncommon both among white and among Japanese people. However, the authors found 16 subungual melanomas among 86 cases of cutaneous melanoma (19%) at their clinic, quite a high incidence. Of these, 69% (11/16) occurred on the hands and 31% (5/16) on the feet. By far the most common site was the right thumb. Histologic examination revealed that 67% were characterized by acral lentiginous, 50% by superficial spreading, and that there were no nodular melanomas. Most were Clark's Level IV and V at the time of diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for subungual melanoma was 40%. No statistically significant differences in rate were found between subungual melanoma and volar melanoma. The term "acral" melanoma is recommended to describe the melanomas in the acral regions, because it is descriptive of the regions directly affected.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. LIV. Near-tetraploidy in acute leukemia.

Near-tetraploid cell populations were observed in a case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in one of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). In the ALL case, hyperdiploid chromosomal changes, characterized by an isochromosome 17q [i(17q)], as well as other changes, were seen at the onset of the disease. At the first relapse, hypertetraploid cells appeared in about 10% of the mitoses in the bone marrow (BM), and by the second and third relapses, the hypertetraploidy was present in more than 90% of the mitoses in the BM. Even though karyotypic instability was evident, all abnormal karyotypes contained one or two i(17q) at every sampling. In spite of karyotypic instability at each relapse, karyotypic evolution was observed whenever relapse occurred. A normal female karyotype was confirmed in the BM of each period. Immunologic examinations performed at each sampling revealed no recognizable changes before and after the appearance of tetraploidy. In the AML case, which was classified as FAB M2, cytogenetic examination was performed at diagnosis and relapse. In both, hypotetraploid cells were observed in over 60% of the BM cells; the modal chromosome number was 90. Banding analysis was successful at relapse, and a pseudodiploid clone characterized by t(8;21) and a hypotetraploid clone with two t(8;21) and a loss of two Y chromosomes were observed in the same BM sample. A normal male karyotype was also observed in BM cells. In both cases, giant and bizarre blasts were seen in the BM. A close correlation between near-tetraploid mitoses and giant and bizarre blast cells in BM smears of the same samples was observed. Previously published tetraploid acute leukemia cases analyzed with banding methods were accumulated and compared with our two cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Three-dimensional atypical structure in intraductal carcinoma differentiating from papilloma and papillomatosis of the breast.

The basic architectural pattern of intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast was established by reconstructing serial sections of luminal spaces and interluminal areas of glandular structures. The materials were surgical specimens from twenty patients with intraductal carcinoma, papilloma, papillomatosis, or so-called borderline lesion. In papilloma and papillomatosis, the luminal spaces were tubular and interconnected forming a three-dimensional (3-D) network, whereas carcinoma was a porous structure with dispersed lumina. The latter represented 3-D atypical structure in intraductal carcinoma. In borderline lesion the architecture was an intermediate type, with separate lumina partially transformed into tubular shapes. It was also confirmed that the porous structure of carcinoma observed in 3-D reconstructions corresponded to the cribriform pattern seen in 2-D figures, while the network of papilloma produced a complex glandular pattern. A geometric parameter was devised to measure the different 3-D patterns of lumina and their 2-D expressions. It was concluded that the 3-D architectural pattern of intraductal proliferations was sufficiently characteristic to be of diagnostic value in differentiating these diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The significance of cytogenetic findings of erythroid colonies derived from a Ph+ ALL patient: fundamental differences between Ph+ ALL and blastic phase CML.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on colonies from erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) derived from bone marrow (BM) cells of a Ph-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) patient. A normal diploid karyotype was revealed in all 15 metaphases that could be analyzed in the erythroid colonies. Previous cytogenetic analyses of erythroid colonies obtained from BM cells of patients with Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) revealed that Ph-positive karyotypes were predominant in all 11 cases. Two of them were also examined in blastic phase (BP) and showed 100% Ph+ cells in BFU-E-derived colonies. The present findings suggest that the leukemic process of Ph+ ALL does not involve the erythroid series, which is in contrast to the involvement in CML. This is considered to be a fundamental difference between Ph+ ALL and the blastic phase of CML (BP CML). Clinically, cytogenetic analysis of erythroid colonies from BM cells may constitute a valuable approach for the differential diagnosis between Ph+ ALL and the BP of Ph+ CML.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1985

Near-triploid Ph-positive leukemia.

Tetraploid populations have been observed in various types of leukemia, but relatively few reports exist of triploid cell populations in acute or chronic leukemia. We report two cases of Ph-positive leukemia with a modal triploid cell population. Examination of peripheral blood from a 3-year-old boy with Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a 68-year-old male with Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis revealed modal populations of 72 and 63 chromosomes, respectively. G-banding analysis of both cases revealed the following: karyotypic instability (no clonality), dominant trisomy, and the random association of the Ph chromosome with gains and losses of chromosomes involved in this translocation. The cytogenetic evidence obtained suggests that the triploid cell populations were not derived from a duplication of a hypodiploid cell population, but resulted from random loss of chromosomes from tetraploid cell populations derived from duplication of pseudodiploid cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Involvement of I-J epitopes in the self- and allo-recognition sites of T cells: blocking of syngeneic and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction-responder cells by monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies.

Monoclonal anti-I-Jk antibodies (mAbs) were found to inhibit syngeneic and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions by blocking the responder T cells but not the stimulator cells. Only the responses of H-2k and H-2a strains were inhibited. Three different anti-I-Jk mAbs (1G8, 4B11, and KN34) showed different inhibitory patterns in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions of individual H-2k strains, depending on the H-2 and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH) genes possessed by the stimulator strains. The results indicated that I-J epitopes are involved in the self- and allo-recognition sites of T cells, which are clonally distributed and used to recognize Ia plus IgVH-linked products.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in heterozygotes of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.

Serum lipoprotein pattern, apoproteins and two postheparin triglyceride lipases were analyzed in a patient with familial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency and her family. Serum of the patient showed extreme hyperchylomicronemia and her postheparin plasma LPL activity was distinctly decreased. None of heterozygotes had any type of hyperlipoproteinemia. The mother and brother of the patient had moderately decreased LPL activity. There were no consistent changes in hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) activity among heterozygotes. These results suggest that assay of LPL may be helpful for detection of heterozygotes in familial LPL deficiency.

Adult↗