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Biomedical subjects

R A Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to R A Kaufman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Is cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver similar to infantile hemangioendothelioma and cavernous hemangioma on dynamic computed tomography?

Dynamic incremental contrast CT of a cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in a 10 year old boy demonstrated peripheral and septal enhancement with partial centripetal fill-in during the next sixty minutes, not unlike that which occurs in hemangioendothelioma and hemangioma. Histologic similarities among these mesenchymal lesions may explain the similar CT and angiographic characteristics of such malformations.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome with hypopituitarism contributing to growth failure.

A 35-month-old black boy with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) was evaluated for anterior hypopituitarism when he presented with ketotic hypoglycemia, microgenitalia, and short stature. Endocrine evaluation showed a low T4 and TSH levels, suggesting hypothalamic hypothyroidism; this was confirmed by TRH stimulation. Metyrapone test confirmed ACTH deficiency as a contributing factor to the ketotic hypoglycemia. A superagonist GnRH test suggested hypothalamic GnRH deficiency. Growth hormone provocative testing conclusively demonstrated complete growth hormone deficiency. MRI investigation of the brain suggested hypopituitarism. Although facial findings were not completely classical of the HSS, we suggest these may be somewhat altered due to his racial back-ground. We recommend endocrine evaluation of HSS patients with manifestations suggesting hypopituitarism since treatment of this condition will improve the quality of life of these patients.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the lung (intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor) in a young girl.

This report describes a 7 year old girl who presented with scoliosis and a small right hemithorax. Findings on spine roentgenographs were pleural thickening on the right and parenchymal densities. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed multiple pulmonary nodules and two hypervascular lesions within the liver. The diagnosis established by lung biopsy was intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the lung). This is the youngest reported case of this rare tumor.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

The significance of hematuria in children after blunt abdominal trauma.

The clinical significance of hematuria in children who sustain blunt abdominal trauma continues to be debated, as do the criteria for diagnostic imaging in this population. Previous reports have discussed the usefulness of certain clinical predictors of renal injury, such as the amount of hematuria present, the presence of shock or of head injury, and the presence or absence of symptoms or findings on physical examination. To assess the value of such predictors of renal injury in children with posttraumatic hematuria, we reviewed and analyzed the medical records and abdominal CT examinations of 256 children with blunt abdominal trauma. One hundred six children (41%) had hematuria. Thirty-five patients (14%) had renal injury that could be diagnosed by using CT. Nine of these had clinically significant injuries according to our criteria. We found a direct relationship between the amount of hematuria and the severity of renal injury. Hypotension at presentation occurred in 38 patients and was an insensitive predictor of renal injury. The combination of hypotension and hematuria was no more sensitive than hematuria alone in predicting renal injury. Sixty patients had concomitant craniofacial injuries. This subgroup had the same prevalence of hematuria and renal injury as the group that did not have head injuries. There were no clinically occult renal injuries in the study population. Furthermore, we found that no normotensive child with fewer than 50 RBCs per high-power field had a significant renal injury, and conversely, all children with significant renal injuries had either large amounts of hematuria or shock.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Pneumomediastinum caused by foreign body aspiration in children.

In a retrospective review of 155 children with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA), there were ten patients who had pneumomediastinum (PM) on an initial chest radiograph. Nine of ten presented with PM and one patient had PM noted after bronchoscopy. In a child less than two years of age with no history of trauma, the radiographic finding of PM should prompt further investigation for FBA.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1989

Function within mesoblastic nephroma: imaging--pathologic correlation.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the only primary renal neoplasm with radiographically demonstrable function. Renal function within two typical congenital mesoblastic nephromas was demonstrated by computed tomography in one case and renal scintigraphy in the other. Excretion of contrast medium and radionuclide was due to functioning nephrons trapped within the tumor.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Osteomyelitis of the distal phalanges in three children with severe atopic dermatitis.

Three children with severe, secondarily infected atopic dermatitis since infancy developed osteomyelitis of the distal phalanges of the hands. The insidious onset of one or more distal subungual black macules was followed by edema, erythema, and pain in the involved fingers. No child had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or fever, but all had roentgenographic or scintigraphic evidence of bony destruction. In two children, Staphylococcus aureus grew from skin surface cultures; S aureus also grew from nail bed and osseous cultures of the distal phalanges; Streptococcus viridans grew from one child's nail bed. All children had prolonged hospitalizations. In two children, laboratory evaluation of immunologic function disclosed normal findings. We postulate that intense scratching of infected skin coupled with minor trauma to the fingertips created distal subungual microabscesses that spread contiguously to the underlying bone.

Bone and Bones↗