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Biomedical subjects

R A Cartwright

Publications and source records attributed to R A Cartwright.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Yorkshire Regional Lymphoma Histopathology panel: analysis of five years' experience.

Five years' experience of operating a Regional Lymphoma Histopathology Panel is described. During this period, approximately 1400 cases were registered of which nearly 1200 were confirmed as malignant lymphoma. Complete concordance of diagnosis was achieved between submitting pathologists and the Panel in two-thirds of cases of Hodgkin's disease and just over half of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most discrepancies in diagnosis were found to be of clinical importance in terms of prognosis and/or therapeutic management of patients. In approximately two-thirds of such instances disagreement arose because of wrong assignment of tumour grade within the main lymphoma class but in one-third of cases the main class of lymphoma was wrongly designated. Panel members experienced similar diagnostic problems as submitting pathologists although to a lesser extent. The existence of the panel has not reduced the proportion of cases causing diagnostic difficulty for submitting pathologists or panel members during the 5 year study period. The principal cause of death was ascertained from death certificates and autopsy findings in nearly half the cases dying during the study period. In approximately half of these infection (largely pulmonary) played a major role while most of the remainder died of various cardiovascular, pulmonary or renal disorders. There was no specific pattern relating to the main lymphoma class. It is concluded that whilst the panel fulfils a useful function in resolving diagnostic difficulties and standardizing lymphoma diagnosis its role is restricted somewhat by the limitations imposed by conventional morphological assessments.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aetiologic factors in lymphoid malignancies: a case-control epidemiological study.

A prospective case-control study of the aetiologic factors involved in the production of lymphoid malignancies has been conducted within a defined geographical area covering six health districts in the Yorkshire Region. Among the aspects investigated were past medical events, occupations and certain social factors. A number of possible causal relationships have been identified including Jewish religion, past solvent exposure and ingestion of amphetamines, although the latter did not achieve statistical significance in this study. In addition several new associations have been identified, most notably with the occurrence of adult eczema/dermatitis and with treatment by radiation or steroids. The feasibility of conducting such a broadly based epidemiological investigation has been established.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Genetically determined debrisoquine oxidation capacity in bladder cancer.

A report is given of a series of bladder cancer cases examined for the oxidation capacity demonstrated by the use of debrisoquine. No overall association of poor and extensive metaboliser exists between bladder cancer patients and a control group. An absolute association between a benzidine exposed subgroup and metaboliser status exists, but the numbers are too small to indicate the true nature of this relationship.

Benzidines↗
PubMed1983

Does the use of stained maggots present a risk of bladder cancer to coarse fishermen?

A case-control study in West Yorkshire has been used to investigate possible risks of bladder cancer amongst those fishermen who used azo-based dyestuffs to stain maggots or who purchased ready coloured maggots. No risks have been found, although the confidence limits of the estimates are wide. These data refer to exposures over ten years ago and it is possible recent changes in fishing practice, if they have occurred, are not yet assessable due to the long mean latency seen in bladder cancer when exposure to carcinogens is not great. This paper does not suggest the general use of these substances is without hazard, merely that no risk is associated with the study group and that the chemicals under study are not a major cause of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood groups in bladder cancer.

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder detailing their ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood antigenic phenotypes. Differences, either between all cases and controls or between particular stages of presentation and controls, have been found in the ABO red cell system as well as the MNSs red cell system. In the case of the ABO system an excess of the A gene is present but detailed study shows this to be only in patients with T1 and T2 tumours. No excess was seen in patients with carcinoma in situ or T3 or T4 stage disease. The S gene of the MNSs system is also in excess in cases of bladder cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Cigarette smoking and bladder cancer: an epidemiological inquiry in West Yorkshire.

Results are given of a case-control study on bladder cancer in West Yorkshire. The aim of the study was to assess what risks exist for cigarette smoking in the United Kingdom and also to investigate if a dose response effect was present. The study shows for the first time in the United Kingdom a positive but weak relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer. Close examination of the data with regard to this effect shows that a complex set of relationships result when the quantity smoked and the period of smoking are taken into account. A dose response effect is weakly demonstrated when a medium quantity of cigarettes are smoked but it is not present at all in those who smoked most cigarettes for the longest periods. No risk appears to exist for those who have smoked only filter cigarettes. The results are contrasted with similar studies and the significance of the observations are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Ten genetic polymorphisms in bladder cancer.

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder, detailing red cell surface blood group antigenic phenotypes, serum haptoglobin phenotypes, and some red cell isoenzyme phenotypes. Account is taken of the stage of the disease at presentation. The results are compared with corresponding phenotype frequencies in groups of presumed healthy persons originating either in Yorkshire or County Durham. Differences in relative incidences were found in the haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and some other systems. These are both differences between all cases and controls and between particular stages at presentation and controls.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Historical and modern epidemiological studies on populations exposed to N-substituted aryl compounds.

The historical exposures to aromatic amines of various occupational groups are briefly reviewed. Modern studies indicate that other occupational groups might have risks worth investigating; these include machinists and workers in the chemical industry. Details of a recent investigation into the exposure of dye workers are given which indicate a lowered risk in recent years since the introduction of safety measures. Nonoccupational exposures to the aromatic amines are also discussed. They include cigarette smoking and phenacetin abuse, the former being a potent causal agent in bladder cancer.

Amines↗
PubMed1982

Role of N-acetyltransferase phenotypes in bladder carcinogenesis: a pharmacogenetic epidemiological approach to bladder cancer.

A large excess of patients with bladder cancer who have previously been exposed to N-substituted aryl compounds as a result of the production of dyestuff intermediates have the slow phenotype of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase. Among bladder-cancer patients in general, those presenting with T3 or T4 disease or carcinoma-in-situ also show an excess of the slower subtypes. Either N-substituted aryl compounds more frequently produce tumours with this invasive potential if linked with slow acetylation or slow acetylators are more susceptible to tumour production when exposed to some N-substituted aryl compounds. It is suggested that acetylator status could be used to identify susceptible individuals in potentially hazardous occupations.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1982

Alleviation of diabetic microangiopathy in rats by pancreatic islet cell transplantation.

Diabetes was induced in female WAG rats by an injection of streptozotocin. The resultant diabetic microangiopathy was studied in the kidney and other organs and the effectiveness of pancreatic islet cell transplantation in preventing and reversing the microvascular complications was assessed. It was found that intraportal transplants of more than 1000 islets produced metabolic normality in most animals and successful transplants prevented the development of diabetic microangiopathy. Very early lesions could be completely restored to normal. The findings strongly support the necessity of good metabolic control of human diabetic patients to prevent microangiopathic damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Liver tumours following streptozotocin administration in rats and the effects of pancreatic islet cell transplantation.

The effects of a single injection of streptozotocin, at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight, have been studied in female inbred WAG rats. The resultant diabetes in the streptozotocin treated animals was treated in one group of animals by an intraportal pancreatic islet cell transplantation whilst another group received no transplant or insulin treatment. The incidence of tumours were determined at autopsy in animals sacrificed at regular intervals. Tumours, apart from one renal adenocarcinoma, were seen only in the liver and only in streptozotocin treated animals. Liver nodules and cysts were most common in animals which had received both streptozotocin and an islet cell transplant.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Occupational bladder cancer and cigarette smoking in West Yorkshire.

This paper reports the preliminary findings of a case-controlled study of bladder cancer in parts of West Yorkshire. The first 991 cases have been analysed and the results of the occupational exposure for 5 occupations are reported. There is an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with smoking cigarettes in both males and females. These results take both the age and the year of diagnosis into account and are statistically significant. Chemical industry workers and printers have been shown statistically to have a high risk ratio, whereas leather workers, hairdressers and dye-users have a statistically insignificant risk ratio. For process workers in the dye manufacturing industry the length of service is significantly correlated with the risk of bladder cancer and so is the age at which a man first becomes a process worker.

Adult↗