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Biomedical subjects

R A Brumback

Publications and source records attributed to R A Brumback.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle.

The case is described of a 36 year old man with exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle. Persistent CPK elevation and a normal forearm ischaemic exercise test were demonstrated. Electromyography was normal. Muscle biopsy showed aggregates of tubular structures in most fibres by histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. A relationship of this syndrome to known defects in muscle energy metabolism is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Non-specificity of motor hyperactivity as a diagnostic criterion.

The relationship between motor hyperactivity and childhood depression was investigated in a group of 178 children referred for evaluation of school problems. 60% (n = 107) of the children fulfilled the modified Feighner criteria for primary childhood depression. 44% (n = 78) of the children had motor hyperactivity and 75% (n = 59) of these also showed depression. Terminal insomnia, somatic complaints, self-deprecation, episodic loss of interest in school and usual activities, social withdrawal, and preoccupation with death and dying were the symptoms which significantly differentiated depressed from non-depressed children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1981

Cognitive improvement associated with tricyclic antidepressant treatment of childhood major depressive illness.

11 children fulfilling DSM-III criteria for major depressive illness were administered detailed neuropsychological batteries prior to and 3 to 6 mo. after starting tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Remission of depressive illness in children with melancholic major depression was associated with significant improvement in WISC-R Verbal IQ and Performance IQ, and on the Similarities, Comprehension, Block Design, and Coding subtests. In addition, there were significant improvements on the Halstead Categories test, on the Visual Reception subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, and in response latencies on the Matching Familiar Figures test. Two children with evidence of mild left hemiparesis showed amelioration of hemiparesis during tricyclic antidepressant treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Histochemical staining. Its use for detection of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle.

Histochemical staining of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in fresh-frozen muscle tissue may be performed using a beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NAD) reduced-dehydrogenase tetrazolium-reductase linked reaction. The phosphate-buffered incubating medium contains glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, beta-NAD, nitro blue tetrazolium, and edetic acid. This technique produces a fine reticular pattern of blue staining in muscle fibers. In human muscle specimens, type I fibers stain darker than type II fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Electroencephalographic recording during bitemporal and unilateral non-dominant hemisphere (Lancaster Position) electroconvulsive therapy.

electrical seizure activity induced by ECT appears in three phases: Phase I initial 18-22 Hz. (beta-like) activity, Phase II arrhythmic polyspike activity, and Phase III rhythmic 2 1/2-3 1/2 Hz. spike/polyspike-wave activity. With bitemporal ECT, Phase II activity appears simultaneously in all leads. With unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT, there is an orderly march on Phase II polyspikes from the right anterior temporal region. After termination of a seizure, there is symmetrical suppression of normal activity with bitemporal ECT, but with unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT there is less suppression of normal activity in the unstimulated side.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Anesthetics and electroconvulsive therapy seizure duration: implications for therapy from a rat model.

The anesthetic agents methohexital (Brevital), Innovar, and ketamine (Ketaject) were examined for their effect on seizure duration following electroconvulsive stimulation in a rat model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Compared to unanesthetized control animals, methohexital anesthesia shortened seizure duration by 42%, ketamine anesthesia tended to increase seizure duration, and Innovar anesthesia had no effect on duration of seizures.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1981

The neuromuscular junction. Part I: physiology and the effects of drugs and toxins.

Depolarization of the nerve terminal causes release of synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine. Acetylcholine moves across the synaptic cleft and contacts specialized receptors in the junctional folds of the muscle end-plate, producing a change in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, which results in muscle depolarization. Knowledge of the physiology of the neuromuscular junction provides the basis for understanding the action of muscle relaxants, organophosphorus poisoning and myasthenia gravis.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

The neuromuscular junction. Part II: myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive nerve stimulation (Jolly test), provocative tests with quinine or curare and the edrophonium test (cholinesterase inhibition) are the diagnostic maneuvers employed.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1980

Iodoacetate inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a model of human myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) and phosphofructokinase deficiency (Tarui's disease).

A model of the human neuromuscular disorders myophosphorylase deficiency and phosphofructokinase deficiency has been developed using intra-aortic injection of sodium iodoacetate in adult male rats. Iodoacetate selectively inhibits in vivo the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The iodoacetate-injected rats develop electrically silent cramps in leg musculature during ischemic (or vigorous non-ischemic) exercise. Post-exercise rhabdomyolysis is evidenced by a 10-fold serum CPK elevation, excessive uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate by cramped muscle, and type IIB fiber damage (histochemically-demonstrated) in cramped muscle. Further analysis of this model will allow a greater understanding of the clinical syndrome associated with the human disorders and permit development of successful treatment programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Failure of oral versus parenteral corticosteroids in a case of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome).

A case of acute inflammatory polyradioculoneuropathy (IPN, Guillain-Barré syndrome) not responding to oral corticosteroids but showing marked improvement on parenteral corticosteroids is reported. Oral prednisone 60 mg/day was begun on hospital admission and increased after one week to 100 mg/day; however, the patient's respiratory function, demonstrated by forced vital capacity, continued to deteriorate. Improvement was noted when the patient was switched to intravenous methyl-prednisolone 100 mg/day. Further attempts to use oral corticosteroids (including oral methyl-prednisolone 96 mg/day) resulted in deterioration of the patient's function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Relation of intelligence to childhood depression in children referred to an educational diagnostic center.

With the development and application of specific diagnostic criteria, depression has been clarified as a major cause of behavioral disturbance in children. 62% of a group of 100 prepubertal children with school problems fulfilled the criteria for childhood depression. There was no significant difference in age, sex, grade level, intelligence quotient, or school skills achievement in the depressed versus nondepressed children. The family history was positive for psychiatric illness in 71% and for depression in 42% of the depressed children. In the depressed children, episodic hyperactivity and secondary enuresis were evident during the depressive episode.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Relationship between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency.

Juvenile delinquency in the United States is increasing in incidence, and children are becoming involved in delinquent activity at a much younger age. Learning disabilities have been associated with juvenile delinquency. Learning disabled children are labeled by teachers and peers as different, which may alienate them from "normal society." If children reject social institutions (such as school), they may seek alternative, frequently delinquent, activities. Learning disabled children must be identified so that programs which minimize the disability while emphasizing the children's strengths can be instituted. Since adjudicated delinquents of normal intelligence show a significant degree of academic underachievement, correctional programs must recognize the possibility of learning disability. Vocational training emphasizing an individual's strengths can be an effective alternative to traditional educational programs for delinquent juveniles.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

EEG--monitored ECT.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Monovalent cation transport in myotonic dystrophy. Na-K pump ratio in erythrocytes.

Myotonic dystrophy is a dominantly-inherited disorder which affects skeletal muscle in combination with several other systems. Because of abnormalities in red blood cells, a universal membrane defect has been proposed as the primary disturbance. Erythrocyte cation pump ratios have also been reported to be abnormal. Hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance are present in a large number of patients. Since dramatic effects of insulin on membrane cation transport have been shown in several tissues, notably skeletal muscle, we wished first to confirm reports of altered pump ratio in these patients and then to evaluate the effects of insulin on cation fluxes. However, in our experiments myotonic dystrophy patients had normal pump ratios when compared with disease controls.

Carrier Proteins↗