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Biomedical subjects

R A Bornstein

Publications and source records attributed to R A Bornstein.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Neuropsychological performance in Moya Moya disease: a case study.

There have been no reports of extensive neuropsychological examination of patients with Moya Moya disease. Two previously reported cases examined with an intelligence test were severely incapacitated. The present case was found to have essentially normal performance on a wide range of neuropsychological tasks. The patient's primary deficits occurred on tests requiring rapid performance. This case illustrates that Moya Moya disease does not necessarily result in an incapacitated state.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Neuropsychological and electrophysiological examination of a patient with Wilson's disease.

A patient with Wilson's disease underwent neuropsychological and electrophysiological examination 4 months following symptom onset. Although motor deficits were more severe, there was considerable impairment of cognitive and intellectual function. Auditory evoked responses were also abnormal in this patient. This case is unusual because of the early severe cognitive deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of flurazepam and triazolam on neuropsychological performance.

A double-blind study examined the effects of a single dose of either triazolam or flurazepam on measures of concept formation, attention, concentration, and motor function, the morning following drug ingestion. Subjects were 53 healthy university students, screened for history of neurological or psychiatric illness. In comparison to placebo-treated controls, there was no difference in the effects on neuropsychological performance, although subjects who received flurazepam reported more side effects. It was concluded that although these drugs may produce side effects, single doses do not appear to impair various aspects of neuropsychological ability the morning after ingestion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of age to neuropsychological deficit in Tourette's syndrome.

A previous study suggested that neuropsychological deficit in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) may increase with age. This question was studied by examining the relationship between age and neuropsychological deficit in 21 TS patients. It was found that increased age was related to greater neuropsychological deficit on a pattern of measures consistent with previous reports. The use of age corrected t-scores ruled out the general relationship of age with test performance as an explanation of these results. In addition, when the subjects were grouped on the basis of age, older patients were significantly worse than younger patients on several measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Error pattern and item order on Halstead's Speech Sounds Perception Test.

Examined the possibility that the previously reported pattern of errors on the Speech Sounds Perception Test could be explained on the basis of learning (N = 30). This possibility was examined by altering the order of presentation of subtests so that the series with the highest mean error scores in the previous study were moved to the positions in which fewest errors had been observed previously. It was found that in spite of the alteration of order of presentation, the subtests that had the greatest number of errors in the previous study again had the largest mean errors. Conversely, the subtests with the lowest mean errors previously again had the lowest mean errors. It was concluded that order of administration did not influence the number of errors on each subtest and that therefore the observed pattern could not be explained on the basis of learning. Further data were presented that suggested a relationship between the mean number of errors on each subtest and the number of items in each subtest with correct choices that were phonetically similar to real words.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Item analysis of Halstead's Speech-Sounds Perception Test: quantitative and qualitative analysis of errors.

The pattern and type of errors on the Speech-Sounds Perception Test was examined in a sample of 513 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. There was considerable variability in the rate of correct response. Groups of patients with independently documented lesions were compared in regard to number and type of errors. It was found that patients with left-hemisphere lesions made a higher percentage of ending errors and a lower percentage of beginning errors than patients with right-hemisphere or bilateral lesions. These differences were maintained when the total error score was included as a covariate. It was also found that a cutoff score based on the percentage of ending errors correctly classified the unilateral-lesion patients at a statistically significant level. The potential clinical utility of these results were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of sex and the effects of unilateral lesions on the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. Further considerations.

Previous studies of sex differences in the effects of unilateral lesions were critically reviewed. New data were included in a review of 28 samples of patients with unilateral right or left cerebral lesions. The results reveal that the relationship of sex to the magnitude of Verbal vs. Performance IQ discrepancy is equal for both right and left lesion samples, and accounts for approximately 15 per cent of the variability among samples. The data are discussed in regard to potential clinical utility of a patient's sex in the interpretation of IQ score discrepancies.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Are right-hemisphere lesions really larger? Lesion size and laterality in meningioma patients.

Patients with pathologically confirmed diagnoses of meningioma were examined to investigate the hypothesis that left-hemisphere lesions are smaller or declared earlier than right-hemisphere lesions. 77 patients were examined with regard to age at presentation and nature of symptoms. In addition CAT scan films of 47 patients were obtained for measurement of lesion size. There were no differences between right and left lesion groups with regard to size of lesion or age at presentation. Subgroups of patients with lesions in frontal association areas also did not differ. Some relationships were discovered between lesion location and nature of symptoms.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Failed suicide attempt by emission gas poisoning.

After prolonged exposure to emission gases from his car, a patient survived, probably because of low carbon monoxide levels in the emission gases of his modern car. The authors anticipate a reduction in fatalities when this method of suicide is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of age and education to neuropsychological performance in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease.

Reported the relationship between age, education, and performance on a battery of psychological and neuropsychological tests. Ss were 55 patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease (both TIA and completed stroke). Contrary to previous studies, there was no relationship between age and test performance, but there was a relationship between education and test performance. When the Ss were grouped according to level of education, the grade school group performed more poorly than both the high school and university groups on a variety of measures. These results were discussed in regard to their relation to previous studies and in the implications of these findings for clinical practice.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1983

Verbal Concept Attainment Test: cross-validation and validation of a booklet form.

Conducted this study to cross-validate the Verbal Concept Attainment Test as a measure of potential value in neuropsychological assessment and to validate a booklet form of this test. Two samples of 75 patients referred for neuropsychological examination were studied. In both samples the pattern of relationship between the VCAT and a number of widely used neuropsychological measures closely paralleled the pattern reported in the initial validation study. The pattern of relationships with the booklet form was also very similar to the pattern of relationships between the neuropsychological measures and the Impairment Index from the Halstead-Reitan Battery. It was concluded that these data provided evidence of the stability of this test across samples and that the booklet form appeared to be an equally valid measure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Construct validity of the Knox Cube Test as a neuropsychological measure.

The Knox Cube Test is used in conjunction with some neuropsychological test batteries as a measure of visual attention and memory, but no data are available regarding the validity of this measure in a neuropsychological context. The present investigation examined the construct validity of the Knox Cube Test as a measure of attention span, and also as a neuropsychological instrument. Two independent samples were administered a battery of tests including the Knox Cube Test. The test was found to be strongly related to most of the measures, and in both samples the highest correlations were found with digit span backwards, Trail Making Test and Speech Perception Test. Factor analysis in the two samples revealed that the highest loadings for the Knox Cube Test were observed on a factor interpreted as measuring attention and concentration. These findings were discussed in regard to the validity of the Knox Cube Test, and its potential use in clinical neuropsychological examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neuropsychological abnormalities in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

Seven patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome underwent an extensive psychological and neuropsychological examination. On psychological examination, it was found that consistent with previous reports these patients had a high incidence of Verbal IQ-Performance IQ discrepancies on the Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and had average mental arithmetic but poor written arithmetic. On neuropsychological examination, no single measure was performed poorly by all subjects, but there was a high incidence of poor performance on several measures from the Halstead-Reitan Battery. High frequency of abnormal performance for age was observed on the Category, Trail Making and Tactual Performance Tests. In addition, the patients had an interesting pattern of average auditory attention span but poor visual attention span. The pattern of visuomotor and visuospatial deficits was discussed with respect to possible underlying mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of unilateral lesions of the Wechsler Memory Scale.

Compared 10 Ss with confirmed unilateral lesions in the right or left hemisphere on subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scaler (WMS). The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, education, Full Scale IQ and Memory Quotient. Contrary to previous studies, it was found that the WMS was sensitive to the effects of unilateral lesions when the pattern of deficits on the subtests was examined. The same subtests that have been shown to discriminate between controls and brain-injured Ss also were sensitive to unilateral lesions.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

A factor analytic study of the construct validity of the verbal concept attainment test.

The present study investigated the construct validity of the Verbal Concept Attainment Test (VCAT) by examining its relationship to other neuropsychological and reasoning tasks. It was found that the VCAT correlated highly with both the Similarities and Vocabulary subtests of the WAIS. It was suggested that the VCAT measures both verbal reasoning and verbal intelligence. Further, a high correlation was also found with both Verbal IQ and Performance IQ which indicated that the VCAT may also be regarded as a test of general intelligence. The relationship of the VCAT to several neuropsychological tests was also investigated. It was found that the VCAT correlated well with most of the neuropsychological tests employed. In addition, the strength of the correlation between each measure and the VCAT closely paralleled the strength of the correlation with the Impairment Index from the Halstead-Reitan Battery. These findings indicate that the VCAT may have some value in clinical neuropsychological assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Wechsler VIQ versus PIQ differences in cerebral dysfunction: a literature review with emphasis on sex differences.

For the past three decades neuropsychologists have published results which indicated that left-sided cerebral dysfunction affected the Wechsler Verbal Scale whereas right-sided dysfunction affected the Performance Scale. Recent investigations have indicated that the effects of cerebral dysfunction on performance of the Wechsler Scales may be different for males and females. In view of these reports, the present review considered 24 studies (28 samples) which have reported Wechsler IQ scores in patients with unilateral or bilateral cerebral dysfunction. Eight studies (10 samples) used the Wechsler-Bellevue I, whereas 16 studies (18 samples) employed the WAIS. In these 28 published samples, there were four exceptions to the hypothesis of lower mean VIQ in patients with left-hemisphere lesions, and lower mean PIQ in patients with right-hemisphere dysfunction. Of the four exceptions to this "rule", two samples contained only women, while a third contained only patients with missile wounds of the frontal lobe. One sample appeared to be a true exception, and could not be accounted for by lesion location or sexual composition of the sample. The studies reviewed appear to add additional support to the hypothesis of sex differences in the effects of unilateral lesions. Therefore, insofar as published mean values for the Wechsler Scales are concerned, the specific effects on Verbal versus Performance IQ appear more prominently in males.

Brain Diseases↗