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Biomedical subjects

P Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to P Ziegler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Rheumatoid granuloma of kidney.

A seventy-year-old black man with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis who had been treated with corticoids presented with painless hematuria originating from the kidney. The clinical findings were suggestive of a renal cell carcinoma. The resected kidney was markedly enlarged, scarred, and disclosed a necrotic rheumatoid granuloma surrounded by chronic inflammatory reaction. The mechanism of hematuria and the clinical significance of the rheumatoid granulomatous involvement of the kidney are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The pH dependence of the conformation of angiotensin peptides by nuclear magnetic resonance: cis-trans isomerism of proline 7.

The pH dependence of the proton NMR spectrum of [Asn1, Val5] angiotensin II in aqueous solution shows the existence of one major and one minor conformation above pH 6.5, the minor conformation representing 12 +/- 2% of the total peptide. A similar observation has been made for (Asn1, Val5) angiotensin I and Val-Tyr-Val-His-Pro-Phe. This effect is not due to the presence of angiotensin-like impurities in the peptide samples. We have shown two expected impurities, [beta-Asp1, Val5] angiotensin II and [Asn1, 3-Bzl-Ty4, Val5] - angiotensin II, to be absent, and a third impurity [Asn1, Val5, D-His6] angiostensin II, to be present at less than or equal to 2.1 mol%, too little to account for the observed amount (12 +/- 2%) of minor conformation. The carbon-13 spectrum of the hexapeptide at high pH shows that the major conformation has Pro7 in the trans form and the minor conformation has Pro7 in the cis form.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for determining the dynamics and intensity of average growth.

A new statistical method is presented for determining an average growth curve which is valid in the sense of representing both the average dynamic, or tempo, and the average intensity of the growth process studied. In this context, growth curve means either distance, velocity or acceleration curve. The principal idea is to shift individual curves continuously (and non-linearly) in age to an average developmental age scale. Since the resulting curves represent the typical shape rather than individual variations of it, they are of interest for comparisons of different variables of boys and girls and of subgroups. The method is illustrated with longitudinal growth data from the first Zurich longitudinal study.

Body Height↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dynamics of growth of width in distance, velocity and acceleration.

In this paper the dynamics and intensity of the growth of bihumeral and biiliac width and of humerus and femur bicondylar diameter are studied and compared, and sex differences are established. The analysis is based on a newly introduced statistical tool, the structural average curve for distance, velocity and acceleration. It accounts for individual developmental tempo and allows pooling data for a sample of subjects. In all four variables studied, a sharp decline in velocity after birth is followed by a more gradual decline in infancy and childhood. A mid-growth spurt (MS) at about age 7 can be found in all variables, of about equal timing and intensity for the two sexes. The pubertal spurt (PS) is earlier for girls, and less intense except for biiliac width. The study shows a characteristic pattern across variables of width regarding the intensity of growth in different periods. The accentuated MS and PS for bihumeral width, contrasting with relatively early and small PS for the bicondylar width of femur, are remarkable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dynamics of growth of weight, circumferences and skinfolds in distance, velocity and acceleration.

Based on structural average curves of distance, velocity and acceleration, an analysis of the longitudinally assessed growth of weight, arm and calf circumferences and skinfolds (biceps, triceps, suprailiac, subscapular) was undertaken. The data come from the first Zürich longitudinal growth study and represent a normal sample. In addition to a graphic analysis, timing, intensity and duration of the mid-growth spurt (MS) and of the pubertal spurt (PS) are quantified via descriptive parameters of growth. Mechanisms are different and more complex for these variables, in particular for skinfolds, compared to previously studied somatic variables, such as height. Skinfolds showed a rapid decline to a negative velocity minimum in the first year, recovering to a pre-PS fat spurt, earlier and more pronounced for central (suprailiac, subscapular) than for peripheral skinfolds (biceps, triceps). At age of peak height velocity a drop occurred, stronger for boys, followed by a post-PS spurt. A further analysis demonstrates that these ups and downs in skinfold velocity are mainly due to subjects with thick skinfolds. Weight and circumferences show a distinct MS, with sex-independent characteristics and a strong, sex-dependent PS. Weight and even more arm circumference are delayed compared to height in puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measures of body mass and of obesity from infancy to adulthood and their appropriate transformation.

In this paper we investigate first the choice of an appropriate index of body mass. The traditional indices weight/height (W/H), W/H2 and W/H3 are compared, as well as an approach due to Cole (1986) making the index W/Hp age-dependent, i.e. by allowing the power p to depend on age. While there may be no perfect index reflecting over- and underweight--irrespective of height and width--the Quetelet index W/H2 turned out to be a reasonable index from childhood to adulthood. Second, we study the development of the body mass index W/H2 longitudinally from birth onwards, based on structural average distance, velocity and acceleration curves. As a third topic, transformations for obtaining an approximate normal distribution for W/H2, weight and skinfolds are compared. The usual log-transformation turned out to be unsatisfactory. While for height and arm skinfolds a transformation -1/square root of x performs rather well across age and sex, a transformation -1/x is more appropriate for trunk skinfolds and W/H2.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and outcome of indices of obesity in normal children.

Based on the Zürich longitudinal growth study, differences are analyzed between those children who later became light adults (later light) and those who later became heavy (later heavy) adults. This is of interest to discover how and when overweight develops, and which variables are most affected (weight, body mass index, circumferences and skinfolds are studied). A further question is whether maturation proceeds differently in these children. The principal idea is to split the sample with respect to adult body mass index into three parts, and to analyse the two extreme groups. It is shown that structural average curves for these subgroups lead to a substantial insight into the processes going on in different variables. Whereas maturation is not much different, subjects later heavy gain substantially more in fat and body mass index from about 4 to 5 years onwards. The natural pattern of ups and downs becomes exaggerated in subjects who are to become heavy at adult age. In those phases where it is natural to build up body mass index there is not much of a difference. In phases where later lean subjects hardly increase their body mass index, later heavy subjects continue to build it up substantially.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of lean and fat areas at the arm.

Using biceps and triceps skinfolds and upper arm circumference, areas of fat and lean tissue at the arm can be approximately determined based on a cylindrical assumption. Based on the first Zürich growth study a longitudinal analysis of estimated fat and lean areas is undertaken. Area may often be a more meaningful parameter than width in development, due to the increasing width of the limbs stretching the layer of fat. When comparing these quantities with the body mass index, correlations in boys were higher for lean area than for fat area, and about equally high for both measures in girls (around 0.8 beyond age 10). The primary goal of this investigation was to quantify the development of lean and fat arm areas from birth to adulthood, and to assess sex differences in this respect. The comparison with results obtained earlier from radiographic data is of particular interest, since such data can rarely be obtained any more, and overall this comparison can be considered encouraging. Lean area develops slowly until the onset of puberty, girls showing a slightly smaller value than boys. The pubertal spurt is very impressive in boys and moderate in girls, timed to age of peak height velocity in both sexes. Fat area changes only minimally in boys older than 16 months, and increases steadily in girls until age 16. The respective velocity curve shows a systematic up and down until age 5, when a gradual increase to a prepubertal fat spurt starts. It is interrupted by a trough in velocity--much more accentuated in boys--at puberty, and followed by a postpubertal fat spurt. When studying subgroups of subjects with a relatively high or relatively low adult body mass index, the heavy group differed relatively more in terms of fat area than lean area. Girls heavy as adults increase their fat area consistently more from about 5 years onwards. Boys later heavy show a qualitatively different pattern in puberty, with accentuated pre- and postpubertal fat spurts, but also a strong trough to a negative velocity in between.

Adipose Tissue↗