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Biomedical subjects

P Warren

Publications and source records attributed to P Warren.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The comparative effects on plaque regrowth of phenolic chlorhexidine and anti-adhesive mouthrinses.

The inhibition of bacterial attachment to the tooth surface is one possible approach to plaque control. This study evaluated in vivo the plaque inhibitory action of a novel copolymer reported to have considerable antiadhesive properties in vitro. The study was a single blind, 5-treatment, randomised Latin square crossover design, incorporating balance for carry-over effects. The rinses were the antiadhesive (1%), the antiadhesive with 0.02% chlorhexidine, a 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse product, an essential oil/phenolic rinse product and water. 15 volunteers participated and on day 1 of each study period were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning and rinsed 2 x daily, under supervision, with the allocated formulation. On day 5, plaque was scored by index and area. Washout periods were 2 1/2 days. Alone or combined with chlorhexidine, the antiadhesive agent showed no effects greater than water. The chlorhexidine rinse was significantly more effective than the essential oil/phenolic rinse which in turn was significantly more effective than the other rinses.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1995

Mite and cat allergen levels in homes and severity of asthma.

The relationships between mite and cat allergen levels in the home, skin test reactivity, and severity of asthma were explored in 120 asthmatic subjects, 57 in Vancouver and 63 in Winnipeg. Patients in the two cities were similar in age, gender distribution, and severity of asthma. Skin tests were performed using 13 common allergens, including D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and cat dander, as well as control subjects. Patients recorded their asthma symptoms, medication requirement, and twice daily peak expiratory flow rate for 1 yr. Dust samples were collected every 3 mo during each season of 1992 through 1993 in both cities. Mite and cat allergen levels were determined with an ELISA using monoclonal antibodies against Der p I, Der f I, and Fel d I. There was no relationship between skin test reactivity and levels of mite and cat allergens. In children with positive skin tests to either mite allergen, total mite (sum of Der p I and Der f I) allergen level was positively related to the mean daily symptom score and negatively related to the daily mean PEF (% of predicted). There was no such relationship among adult asthmatic patients with positive skin tests to either mite allergen. No relationship was found between cat allergen level and the severity of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Categorising [s], [integral of] and intermediate electropalatographic patterns: neural networks and other approaches.

We consider two approaches to the interpretation of EPG data, using materials designed for the investigation of [s]-[integral of] assimilations across word boundaries, as in boss Shep. A contact index is based on electrode contact in different row groups, whereas a neural network is used to determine patterns of contact. Both approaches are speaker sensitive, reflecting the wide variation in [s] and [integral of] articulation between speakers. The advantage of the neural net analysis is that the investigator need not make any assumptions about the relative value of specific electrodes or groups of electrodes. We found that the 'hand-selected' index, in general, modelled linguopalatal movement for all degrees of [s]-[integral of] assimilation better than the neural net. However, the neural net very successfully characterised stable /s/ and /integral of/ and has the potential to give an accurate representation of intermediate assimilatory cases, if trained on a more varied input set than the rather limited one used in this experiment.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1995

A twin study of polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of genetic and environmental factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by using the classic twin model. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of the Royal Hospital for Women, Paddington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. PATIENTS: A group of 19 monozygotic (MZ) and 15 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs identified from the national twin register. INTERVENTIONS: Ultrasound, clinical, and biochemical parameters were used to define PCOS. RESULTS: Eleven pairs of twins (5 MZ, 6 DZ pairs) were scan-discordant (i.e., one twin had scan-PCOS and the co-twin did not). Model-fitting analysis suggested that fasting insulin level, androstanediol glucuronide, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly influenced by genetic factors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PCOS is not the result of a single autosomal genetic defect, but rather environmental factors, perhaps both intrauterine and extrauterine, are involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder or that PCOS may be an X-linked disorder or the result of polygenic factors. However, fasting insulin level, androstanediol glucuronide, and BMI did appear to be under significant genetic influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Levels of perceptual representation and process in lexical access: words, phonemes, and features.

Three experiments and a simulation study investigate competing featural and phonemic views of the representation of the speech input in access to the mental lexicon. Auditory lexical decision and gating tasks show that the processing consequences of subcategorical mismatches (conflicts between phonetic cues to speech segment identity) depend on the lexical status of the conflicting cues, such that conflicts that only involve nonwords do not disrupt performance. A further study, using a phonetic-decision task with the same stimuli, found the same pattern. A simulation study shows that the interactive activation model TRACE, with top-down feedback to a prelexical phonemic level, does not model these effects successfully. The authors argue instead for a direct access featural model, based on a distributed computational substrate, where featural information is mapped directly onto lexical representations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

World Marrow Donor Association: a progress report.

The World Marrow Donor Association was founded in 1988 with a view to establishing guidelines to promote the use of volunteer bone marrow donors for transplants involving patients and donors in different countries. Members have met approximately twice yearly on one or other side of the Atlantic since 1988. A Special Report summarising recommendations and requirements for a standardized practice throughout the world in relation to bone marrow transplants using volunteer donors was published in 1992.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The 18 to 20 week obstetrical scan. A joint statement from the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine, the Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists.

The Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine, The Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists have produced jointly the accompanying document on the 18-20 week obstetrical scan. It is an important document not only for the sonologists and sonographers but also for clinicians who request ultrasound examinations for pregnant women, so that they may have a better idea of what the examination should cover and its limitations.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Unrelated bone marrow transplantation in Canada, the national experience. Canadian Red Cross Society.

The Canadian Unrelated Bone Marrow Donor Registry (UBMDR) of the Canadian Red Cross Society (CRCS) was officially funded as of April 1, 1989 for an initial three year period with a mandate to recruit 50,000 unrelated bone marrow donors and to conduct the search activities for unrelated bone marrow donors worldwide on behalf of Canadian patients. Since February of 1988, 162 unrelated bone marrow transplants have been carried out in Canada. The registry now stands at an enrollment of 35,705 with approximately 1,200 donors being added monthly. Recruitment of unrelated bone marrow donors is now established in fourteen Canadian cities, and an active ethnic recruitment is now in progress.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

The clinical significance of blood transfusion at the time of radical hysterectomy.

A retrospective review was conducted to evaluate the clinical implications of perioperative blood transfusion in the surgical management of stage IB cervical cancer. The investigation focused on 126 patients treated with radical hysterectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection who were found to have clear surgical margins, negative retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and no lymph-vascular space involvement in the hysterectomy specimen, and who had no perioperative radiation therapy, no history of immunosuppression with medication, and at least 18 months of follow-up. The distributions of age, weight, operative time, nodal yields, mean lesion diameters, median depths of invasion, and histologic subtypes were not statistically different between the transfused and untransfused groups. The average estimated blood loss among the transfused patients was 1104 mL, compared with 764 mL among the untransfused patients (P = .015). Among the 68 who received blood perioperatively, there were ten recurrences (14.7%), compared with two (3.4%) among the 58 patients who did not receive blood (P = .035). In this select population of patients, in which perioperative transfusion was isolated as a variable, transfusion adversely affected the outcome of surgical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Estimation of reference intervals for total protein in cerebrospinal fluid.

Protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by a modified biuret procedure and in two automated instruments, the Du Pont aca and the Kodak Ektachem. The latter's dry-slide reagent was also evaluated for precision, linearity, and effect of potential interferents. In vitro, ampicillin and vancomycin increase the apparent value for CSF protein as measured with the Ektachem slides. We excluded patients with disorders of the central nervous system, and we estimated the central 95% percentile reference intervals for CSF protein for each of the three methods. We found no age or gender dependence of values. By the biuret procedure, the reference interval is 140 to 620 mg/L.

Adult↗