Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Vaccaro.
The present research examined the relationship between the anxiety levels of 62 beginning Scuba diving students and standardized performance tests from the Y.M.C.A. training program. Results suggested that there was no relationship between anxiety and performance on relatively simple tasks, while there was a relationship between anxiety and performance on the more complex diving maneuvers.
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Anxiety levels of 29 beginning Scuba students in college classes were determined at rest and prior to standardized Scuba tests. Resting trait and state anxiety levels were significantly lower than norms. Only moderate increases in state anxiety were noticed throughout the testing sequence.
The purpose of this study was to describe cardiorespiratory alterations in a group of perviously untrained 9-to-11 year old children resulting from seven months of swimming training. Fifteen members of a competitive swim team served as subjects. A non-training group of fifteen children of similar age, height and weight were studied at the same times. All measurements were made on three separate days both before and after the training period. On Measurement Day One the subjects were measured for VC, FEV1.0, and MVV. On MEasurement Day Two they were measured for PWC170 and on MEasurement Day Three height (cm), weight (kg), VE max (1/min), Vo2 max (ml/kg.min) and HR max were determined. Results of the analyses indicated that: (1) the mean PWC170 change in the trained children (+80.00 kgm/min) was significantly greater than that in the reference group (+30.00 kgm/min) (P less than .05); (2) the mean Vo2 max change in the experimental group (+8.411 ml/kg.min) was significantly greater than in the reference group (2.21 ml/kg.min) (P less than .01); and the mean changes in VC, FEV1.0, MVV, VE max, and HR max were not greater than one would expect to see in normal children of similar age and body dimensions (P greater than .05).
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With increasing involvement of young children in competitive sports there have been many studies on the cardiorespiratory response of children to endurance training. There were many methodological and design restrictions which limited the depth of studies in this area and made comparisons across studies difficult. Sufficient experimental progress has been made to draw the following conclusions. Trained children exhibit higher VO2max values than do untrained children. These differences are present irrespective of the ages of the children but are more pronounced in many cases in older children. Exercise programmes which are of sufficient intensity, frequency and duration lead to improvements in cardiorespiratory capacity. The minimum and optimum levels for intensity, frequency and duration have not yet been identified. The majority of the current literature assumes that children respond to endurance training in a manner similar to that of adults. This point needs further verification. The age or maturity level during which exercise training exerts its greatest effect on the cardiorespiratory system has not been clearly identified.
The aim of our study was to examine whether there is an association between blood pressure reactivity to the cold pressor test in African Americans who engaged in different levels of physical activity. We examined the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, and forearm blood flow during a two-minute cold pressor test in 15 aerobic, physically active and 15 physically inactive, normotensive young adult African-American males. Peak oxygen consumption varied as a function of physical activity, and was significantly higher in the physically active than in the physically inactive subjects (54.5 +/- 1.5 vs 36.8 +/- 0.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) (P<.05). During the cold pressor test, consisting of immersing the foot in ice water, the change in cardiovascular responses were similar between the physically active and the physically inactive groups. These results suggest that regular physical activity may not contribute to an attenuated blood pressure response to behavioral stress of the cold pressor test in normotensive young adult African-American males.
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