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Biomedical subjects

P Sureau

Publications and source records attributed to P Sureau.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Use of a monoclonal antibody for quantitation of rabies vaccine glycoprotein by enzyme immunoassay.

The use of a monoclonal antibody specific for the envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus has been used in a direct enzyme immunoassay to quantify the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in two kinds of cell culture. The results of this direct enzyme immunoassay are well correlated with the in vivo NIH potency test. This test may be a useful tool to rapidly and accurately control the antigenic value of a vaccine. It could also be used for the "in process' control of vaccine production before deciding whether a vaccine batch may reasonably be subjected to the NIH potency test.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rabies immunosome (subunit vaccine) structure and immunogenicity. Pre- and post-exposure protection studies.

Rabies immunosomes (glycoprotein anchored on pre-formed liposomes) have been prepared in order to study their structural, biological and immunological properties. The glycoprotein molecules appear to have the same orientation on the immunosome as on the viral particle: (1) electron microscopy analysis shows particles of 40 to 70 nm with spikes protruding outward, (2) one particular epitope shows the same accessibility to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody as on the viral particle. When injected into animals, rabies immunosomes are cleared from the organism by a process different from that for the liposomes used to anchor the glycoprotein: a higher rate of transition through the spleen is observed with immunosomes than with purified glycoprotein or liposomes. Immunosomes induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protect animals against challenge with virulent strains. This protective activity is not altered after several months of storage at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, rabies immunosomes were shown to be efficient in post-exposure treatment of laboratory animals that had been experimentally infected with a lethal dose of a rabies wild strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lack of interferon induction in man by two rabies tissue culture vaccines.

Both neutralising antibody and interferon play a part in protection of animals against death from rabies virus infection. Interferon induction was therefore sought in 53 volunteers within 24 hours of receiving human diploid cell strain vaccine or fetal bovine kidney cell vaccine given either intramuscularly or intradermally. Repeat observations were made in 18 subjects following a second dose of vaccine seven days later. No interferon was detected in any sample tested although no subject had any detectable rabies neutralising antibody on day 0. The sensitivity of the interferon assay, and comparison with other studies are discussed. An interferon inducer suitable for human use should be sought as an alternative to, or a replacement for, passive rabies immunization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Ecology of tick-borne arboviruses in the Central African Republic].

Ticks have been collected on cattle skins for seven consecutive years in Bangui, Berberati, Bangassou and Bouar. 150 strains of arboviruses have been isolated from the four following species: Amblyomma variegatum: Dugbe, Jos, Thogoto, Crimean-Congo Hemorragic Fever (CCHF), Yellow Fever, Bhanja and Pétévo; Boophilus annulatus: Dugbe, Jos and Thogoto; B. decoloratus: Dugbe, Jos, Thogoto and CCHF; Hyalomma nitidum: CCHF. Dugbe (112 isolated strains), Jos (19 isolates) and Thogoto (11 isolates) viruses represent more than 95% of all the strains. Dugbe virus was isolated mostly during the first half of the rainy season. Jos virus shows a maximum rate of infection during the dry season (february) and a second peak in october (2nd half of the rainy season). Most of the strains of Thogoto virus have been isolated during the dry season. These seasonal variations of infection rates follow the seasonal variation of vector population densities. Thus preimagines and imagines of A. variegatum, the main vector of the Dugbe virus in C. A. R. show peaks of abundance respectively during the dry season and during the first half of the rainy season. Adults of Boophilus show maximum densities from december to february (dry season) when the greater number of Jos and Thogoto viruses are isolated. CCHF virus ecology needs more studies in Central African Republic. The importance of ticks in the wild cycle of Yellow Fever virus is not yet understood. Bhanja virus has been isolated only one time in C. A. R. Pétévo is a lately described virus which belongs to a group thus far unknown in Africa (Palyam gr.).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A rabies vaccine produced in a non-tumorigenic rabbit cell line.

From the trypsinized skin of a rabbit embryo, a fibroblastic cell line has been obtained (FEL cells). The primary seed lot has been established at 11th passage. The tests for tumorigenicity on nu/nu mice were negative (10(4) cell/animal) at passage level 11th and 50th. Cell growth and morphology were not altered when 100 passages were performed. FEL cells were tested for their susceptibility to rabies virus. The production of virus on FEL cells was investigated after infection by the P.V. rabies virus strain adapted to several cell types (bovine fetal kidney, Vero and BHK cells). For the evaluation of an experimental rabies vaccine produced with this substrate, FEL cells were compared to Vero cells. The synthesis of glycoprotein (EIA) and the immunogenicity (NIH test) were similar for the vaccines obtained with both cell systems. FEL cells could therefore be an alternative to Vero cells for the production of a cell culture inactivated rabies vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Structural and immunogenic characteristics of rabies immunosomes.

Rabies immunosomes are prepared by the anchorage of glycoprotein molecules to preformed liposomes. Virosomes are associations of glycoprotein molecules with viral or non viral lipids. Virosomes can be obtained spontaneously after removal of the detergent used for lipids solubilization. Under the electron microscope immunosomes look like homogenous spherical vesicles (50-60 nm) evenly covered with spikes, although glycoprotein molecule orientation in virosomes is not yet clearly established. In addition, the size of virosomes is very heterogeneous. When glycoprotein molecules are in immunosome form, their accessibility to a lectin (WGA) is identical to that of the purified virus. Under the same conditions with virosomes accessibility is weaker. Protection induced in mice is ten to twenty fold higher with rabies immunosomes than with purified glycoprotein or virosomes. The results presented here and previous reports (10) show that immunosomes have structural and immunogen characteristics closer to those of purified and inactivated virus than does any other form of glycoprotein lipids association.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome due to Hantaan virus or a serologically related virus].

Seven cases of acute renal failure consecutive to haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) due to the Hantaan virus or to a serologically related virus are reported. These cases were observed in north-eastern France between March, 1983 and January, 1984. All patients were of rural origin and had been in contact with field mice. The predominant initial clinical symptoms were signs of infection and diffuse muscle pain, without evidence of haemorrhage. However, massive proteinuria was noted, and acute anuric renal failure unaccompanied by oedema or arterial hypertension developed. Renal biopsy performed in 2 patients showed tubular and interstitial nephritis but no glomerular or vascular lesions. Two patients only required haemodialysis. All patients recovered within 2 to 8 weeks without sequelae. Antibodies directed against the Hantaan virus were detected by indirect immunofluorescence tests, and seroconversion could be demonstrated in 2 patients seen at a sufficiently early stage. The risk of epidemics suggested by this small outbreak of HFRS can only be evaluated after an exhaustive epidemiological study.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies as a tool for rabies epidemiological studies.

Hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies specific of antigenic determinants of the nucleocapsid and the glycoprotein of rabies virus showed differences between fixed and street strains of rabies virus. Standard panels of monoclonal antibodies allowed us to determine the geographic origin of imported cases of rabies in animals and humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of rabies virus strains used for vaccine production by means of monoclonal antibodies.

A group of WHO Consultants who met in Geneva 16-18 September 1982, recommended, among other items, that "monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern of all viruses used for (rabies) vaccine production should be established" (WHO/Rab.Res./82.15) (1). Such a study has been undertaken in our WHO Collaborative Centre for Rabies in close collaboration with the WHO Collaborative Centre for Rabies of the Wistar Institute, and with monoclonal antibodies kindly supplied by T.J. Wiktor (2).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiologic analysis of antigenic variations of street rabies virus: detection by monoclonal antibodies.

The nucleocapsid antigen of 204 strains of street rabies virus, which originated in Europe, Africa and Asia, was analyzed by fluorescent antibody staining technique with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies specific for nucleocapsid of rabies and rabies-related viruses. A definite pattern of reactivity was observed with strains of the same geographic origin with the exception of strains originating from Madagascar, Thailand and Iran which were more diversified. Mice immunized with a vaccine prepared from a Pasteur PV-11 strain of virus were well protected against challenge with representative strains from Europe and Africa, and a partial protection was observed following challenge with strains from Madagascar and Thailand.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The use of various immunochemical, biochemical and biological methods for the analysis of rabies virus production in tissue cultures.

For the preparation of rabies vaccines, virus was grown in cultures of primary cells (bovine fetal kidney) or heteroploid cell lines (Hak and Vero). Comparative analysis of concentrated and/or purified antigen has shown a good correlation between the protective capacity (as determined by the NIH test for potency) on one hand, and hemagglutinating titer, optical absorbance at 280 nm and glycoprotein content (evaluated by the Enzyme-Immuno Assay - EIA) on the other. Furthermore, the evaluation of the respective content of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein (EIA) before and after impairment of viral membrane can be done to know if the rabies glycoprotein is anchored in an intact membrane or not (soluble glycoprotein). In addition, a good correlation has been obtained for the virus harvest between the NIH-test and the EIA-glycoprotein titer. In the light of the easy and rapid application of Enzyme-Immunoassay it is suggested that this technique be used for the analysis and evaluation of expected potency of virus harvest during rabies vaccine production.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Antigenic variants among street rabies virus isolates from France, Africa, Madagascar and Asia. Preliminary results with antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies].

A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid antigens of rabies virus allowed a rapid characterization of isolates by an indirect immunofluorescence test on brain smears of infected animals. Analysis of 77 isolates (71 from animals and 6 from humans) showed a great diversity. Isolates from different areas showed different patterns of reactivity. No relation was found between animal species and antigenic patterns specificity.

Africa↗
PubMed1982

[Correlations between immunoenzymatic test, neutralization test and fluorescent focus reduction test in rabies antibody titration].

Three methods have been used and compared for the detection and titration of antibodies in the serum of humans receiving post-exposure treatment with tissue culture inactivated rabies vaccines: mouse seroneutralization test, fluorescent focus reduction test and immunoenzymatic test. Results have shown that the fluorescent focus reduction test has a sensitivity and specificity which are equivalent to the mouse seroneutralization test with the advantage of giving results in 30 hr instead of 21 days, and that the immunoenzymatic test which avoids the use of laboratory animals and/or cell cultures, and which gives results in 5 hr, may advantageously replace the neutralization methods, particularly for the testing of large numbers of sera.

Antibodies↗