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Biomedical subjects

P Simon

Publications and source records attributed to P Simon.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
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Decreasing use of donated blood and reduction of bleeding after orthotopic heart transplantation by use of aprotinin.

Twenty patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation were randomized preoperatively to receive either the serine proteinase inhibitor aprotinin in a low dose (560 mg; n = 10) or a placebo (control group, n = 10) at the time of transplantation. Blood loss 24 and 48 hours after transplantation was significantly lower in the group treated with aprotinin (i.e., 510 ml vs 820 ml, p less than 0.01, and 690 ml vs 1000 ml, p less than 0.03, respectively. Accordingly, the aprotinin group required significantly less transfused blood in the first 48 postoperative hours 0 to 250 ml versus 0 to 1000 ml (p less than 0.04). Seventy percent of the patients treated with aprotinin underwent transplantation without the need of nonautologous blood, compared with only 30% in the control group.

Aprotinin↗
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No doctor in the house.

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Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
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Pioneer spirit.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
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[Luminex technology for HLA typing by PCR-SSO and identification of HLA antibody specificities].

Luminex technology is a new flow cytometry technology enabling us to analyse numerous reactions in a unique tube or well. It is a multiplexed data acquisition and analysis platform of microsphere-based assays that performs simultaneous measurements of up to 100 different analytes. In the histo- compatibility field, individual sets of microspheres are modified with reactive components such as antigens in order to perform HLA antibodies identification, or with oligonucleotides in order to perform HLA typing after reverse PCR-SSO. Thus microspheres are the equivalent of a panel of HLA typed lymphocytes (for PRA determination and antibody identification) or equivalent to a large set of probes selected to assign HLA typing. This new tool can be very useful in HLA laboratories since it is very easy to use and the results are concordant with those obtained with reference technics.

Antibodies↗
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[Renal vascular lesions and the occurrence of hypertension in patients with IgA nephropathy].

Worse prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated to hypertension, high proteinuria, glomerular and vascular sclerosis. A family story of hypertension (FHT) in relatives could be a strong predictor of the occurrence of hypertension (HT) in children. Renal vascular lesions (RVL) are often observed in normotensive patients with IgAN. In order to evaluate a possible association between FHT and LVR in patients with IgAN, we investigated two groups of 73 IgAN patients, sex (56 males and 17 females) and age matched, according to the presence or not of FHT. FHT was diagnosed if relatives and/or at least one child under 60 years of age had treatment for HT or systolic and diastolic BP over 140/90 mmHg at the time of the survey. Patients entering into the study were followed during an average period of 5 to 8 years. At the end of the study, all patients were explored for HT and renal function. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was evaluated by Cockcroft and Gault formula and renal failure was defined as CrCl<60mL/min. The results were as follow: at the time of renal biopsy, RVL were observed in 73% of males with FHT vs 16% of males without FHT (p<0.0001) and 70.6% of females with FHT vs 29.4% of females without FHT (p<0.001); at the end of the study period, HT was significantly associated to FHT in 89.6% of patients group with FHT vs 22.6% of HT patients in the group without FHT (p<.0001). Renal failure was present in 45.2% of patients with FHT vs 4.1% of patients without FHT (p<0.0001). These data suggest: VRL could be dependent of genetic factors; FHT should be an early predictor of VRL in patients with IgAN; FHT might be a risk factor for renal failure in patients with this renal disease.

Adult↗
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Professional services.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
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Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for preoperative staging of pancreatic carcinoma: tendency for understaging.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative staging in pancreatic carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI investigations, including MR-angio and MR-cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of 19 patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists. The size, localization of the tumor and possible infiltration of neighboring organs, as well as the presence of enlarged lymph nodes, were determined to define a preoperative, radiological TN stage. Lymph node metastasis was defined as peripancreatic lymphoma greater than 10 mm. Our findings were correlated to postoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The T-stage was correctly evaluated in 52.6% of the cases (10/19). Understaging took place in 31.6% (6/19) and overstaging in 15.8% (3/19). In three cases of understaging, a micro-infiltration of the peripancreatic tissue was not visible in MRI. Pathologically enlarged lymph nodes were correctly found in 63.2% of the cases (12/19). Overstaging took place in 21.1% of the cases (4/19) and understaging in 15.8% (3/19). CONCLUSION: MRl for preoperative staging of pancreatic carcinoma showed a tendency to understage tumor size in this study population. Especially in cases of small tumor size, micro-infiltration of peripancreatic tissue or the common bile duct may not be detected by MRI. Concerning N-stage, the 95% confidence interval reveals a distribution of over- and understaged.

Aged↗
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Basic principles of cardioplegic management in donor heart preservation.

The primary factor limiting the number of heart transplantation performed is the lack of adequate donor hearts. One of the main factors contributing to this is the relatively short period a donor heart can be preserved. Clinical studies demonstrate that ischemic times over five hours lead to early heart failure after transplantation. A considerable increase in preservation time would be necessary to enlarge the donor pool. In spite of intensive research, it is not yet possible to increase the preservation period above four hours, which was achieved in 1978. An increase of the cold ischemia period to more than four hours without the risk of transplanted heart damage may only be achieved by improving cardioplegic management.

Cardioplegic Solutions↗
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[Ante- and posthypophyseal insufficiency with infundibulum abnormalities].

The hypopituitarism and the diabetes insipidus are often idiopathic. A retrospective study of 6 cases of diabetes insipidus and 8 cases of partial or total idiopathic antehypophyseal insufficiency has shown the value of MRI to demonstrate anomalies of the infundibulum or hypothalamic-hypophysis "stages". MRI allows to bring together some cases of idiopathic hypopituitarism in a new entity which is the hypopituitarism due to a newborn section of the infundibulum.

Adult↗
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[Differences in the mechanisms of the stimulant and antidepressive effects of nomifensine].

Four effects of nomifensine were studied in interaction with a dopamine receptor blocker (pimozide) and a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol). The effects of nomifensine were divided into two categories: 1. Psychomotor stimulant effect a) Stimulation of locomotor activity in mice b) Stereotyped behavior in rats 2. Antidepressant effect a) Antagonism of hypothermia caused by reserpine in mice b) Potentiation of yohimbine-induced toxicity in mice. The psychomotor stimulant effects were antagonized by pimozide but not by propranolol. The antidepressant effects were antagonized by propranolol but not by pimozide. Our results support the hypothesis that nomifensine acts via both dopaminergic and noradrenergic mechanisms subserving distinct behavioral effects, psychomotor stimulant and antidepressant, respectively.

Animals↗
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Comparative study of the effects of stimulation or blockade of beta-adrenoceptors on the head-twitches induced in mice by 5-hydroxytryptophan versus 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine.

This study aimed at comparing the effects of blockade or stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors on the head-twitch response induced in mice by direct (5-MeODMT) or indirect (5-HTP) activation of serotonergic receptors shows that: beta-agonists (clenbuterol and salbutamol) increased the 5-HTP-induced head-twitches and decreased the response to 5-MeODMT. beta-agonists (propranolol and penbutolol) reduced the head-twitches elicited by 5-HTP but enhanced those induced by 5-MeODMT. Under our experimental conditions, desipramine behaved like the beta-agonists studied. Prior intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7-DHT enhanced the response to 5-MeODMT but did not prevent the antagonism of clenbuterol against 5-MeODMT-induced head-twitches. These findings suggest that beta-receptors are in a position to regulate differentially serotonin transmission.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
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[Reduced waiting capacities as a possible mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. A hypothesis derived from their behavioral effects in animals].

In classical punishment procedures, suppression of responding which allows the animal to avoid electric foot-shock is attenuated by benzodiazepines (BZD). Such a release of responding is interpreted as a reflection of the anxiolytic activity of BZD. In these situations however, behavioral suppression also delays the obtention of the food-reward. Therefore, shock-mediated waiting could be as critical a target as shock-induced fear for BZD in punishment procedures. The present study was designed to investigate whether BZD are effective in reducing the capacity of animals to wait for an expected food reward. Fasted rats trained in a T-maze were allowed to choose between two magnitudes of reward: immediate but small (2 pellets) vs delayed but large (8 pellets). Diazepam (2-4 mg/kg), nitrazepam (2 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (16 mg/kg) or clobazam (16 mg/kg) decreased the number of times the large reward was chosen by rats subjected to a waiting period of 15 s before having access to the large reward. In conflict situations, rats trained to press a level for food reward were given both 1 pellet and 1 electric foot-shock for pressing during punished periods of fixed duration signalled by a warning stimulus. The diazepam (2 mg/kg)-induced increase in the number of punished presses (anti-punishment effect) was closely related to the percent punishment time within a session. The release of punished responding reached a statistically significant level only when the total punishment-time accounted for at least 40% of the total duration of the session.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗