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Biomedical subjects

P Schuster

Publications and source records attributed to P Schuster.

152 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The waxing and waning of mental disorders: evaluating the stability of syndromes of mental disorders in the population.

This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retrospective and longitudinal prospective data from the baseline and first follow-up investigation (19.7 months later) of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), we focus on establishing stability measures for early stages of mental disorders in a community sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline. The results are as follows: (1) Although only about 30% developed a full-blown DSM-IV disorder, psychopathological syndromes are widespread in adolescents: 15% of the population aged 14 to 17 at baseline were not affected by at least some clinically relevant symptoms of mental disorders either throughout their previous life or throughout the follow-up period. (2) The likelihood of staying free of symptoms and threshold disorders during follow-up was highest among subjects who were completely well at baseline. The probability of a positive outcome decreased as a function of severity of baseline diagnostic status. (3) There was a considerable degree of fluctuation not only in the diagnostic status and severity of specific disorders, but also in terms of complete remissions and shifts from one syndrome and disorder to another. (4) Anxiety disorders, overall, slightly differ with regard to the persistence and stability of the diagnostic status from depressive disorders. (5) However, there were remarkable differences between specific types of anxiety and depressive disorders. Consistent with other longitudinal epidemiological studies in the general population, this study finds that the syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders have a strong tendency to wax and wane over time in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Work load issues in clinical nursing education.

This survey of 22 baccalaureate (BSN) programs was undertaken to describe and analyze work load issues in BSN nursing education. Academic careers of nursing faculty may be at risk because clinical work load policies generally place less value on clinical teaching than on classroom teaching. Research question addressed teaching credit hours received for each clinical contact hour, remaining weekly hours available for clinical faculty to accomplish service and research activities, and student-to-faculty ratios in clinical settings. Seventy per cent of the programs surveyed allocated less than 1 teaching credit hour to 1 clinical contact hour. Nursing faculty who taught clinical courses with 5:1 to .25:1 work load credit for face-to-face contact hour ratios needed to work between 8 and 24 hours more in face-to-face teaching compared with colleagues teaching lecture courses, thus leaving less time for scholarship and service activities. Fifty per cent of the programs reported 10 or more students in some of the clinical courses. Faculty reported concerns about quality of learning experiences and supervisory difficulties as student numbers in clinical courses exceeded 8 students/faculty member.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metartarsal joint. Classification. Treatment. Apropos of 81 cases].

The authors have treated eighty-one cases of fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metarsal joint and have studied 232 cases reported in the literature. They suggest a modification of previous classifications. In their conclusions, they consider that purely conservative treatment is inadequate. Reduction, when obtained by closed methods, should be maintained by Kirschner wires. Open reduction should be done when closed methods do not produce a perfec reduction. When several articular fractures are present, they advocate immediate reduction and arthrodesis. The results obtained after secondary arthrodesis were not as good as those obtained after primary arthrodesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis and therapy of acquired heart valve defects in patients of advanced age].

Advantages and disadvantages of elective cardiothoracic surgery in patients over the age of 60 with acquired heart valve defects are shown in table 8. An important improvement in survival rates can be noticed in patients with decompensated aortic and mitral valve defects. Quality of life is ameliorated in all patients who need an operation because of valvular heart defect, mainly in aortic stenosis, which on principle can be considered as operable.

Aged↗