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Biomedical subjects

P Satz

Publications and source records attributed to P Satz.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Some correlates of intra- and interhemispheric speech organization after left focal brain injury.

Determinants of inter- and intrahemispheric organization following left focal injury were examined with data deriving from four different studies that used three different assessment methods (amobarbital, temporal lobectomy, dichotic listening). With regard to interhemispheric reorganization, the results revealed that the earlier the lesion onset, the higher the probability of a biomodal hemispheric reorganization (speech and hand). A unimodal reorganization (speech only) was tied to a later occurring lesion, but one before age six. Furthermore, interhemispheric speech reorganization was associated with an early lesion onset while intrahemispheric speech maintenance was linked to a later lesion onset. The results are discussed in terms of hemispheric plasticity and functional maturity.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

Null hypothesis disrespect in neuropsychology: dangers of alpha and beta errors.

To understand why there are so many inconsistencies and contradictory findings among hemispheric-asymmetry studies, data were analyzed from a large study of 300 left-handers. These data included information on familial sinistrality (FS), handwriting posture (HPO), a measure of cognitive performance, and five measures of hemispheric specialization. Using computer simulation methodology, 40 independent samples of 36 to 65 subjects each were drawn randomly with replacement. The sample data were analyzed and the results compared to those of the parent "population." Often, the samples poorly reflected the parent "population," and some procedures substantially inflated error rates. These procedures are discussed and specific guidelines suggested. These results are also discussed in the broader context of the necessity for investigators in neuropsychology to differentiate between the statistical and clinical significance of research findings; and to develop a more positive attitude toward the design, execution, and publication of replication studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Individual differences in the cerebral organization of language using input and output interference measures of lateralization.

The literature on the relationship between cerebral lateralisation and the combined effects of sex and handedness, reveals many discrepant findings. In an effort to clarify these discrepancies, three different types of interference cerebral lateralization tasks were used in a relatively large sample of normal individuals. Handedness differences were found in the expected direction on all three lateralization measures: input interference (dichotic listening), and two output interference measures, a motor-motor interference task (concurrent finger tapping and verbal fluency) and a motor-cognitive interference task (concurrent finger tapping and silent reading). A sex difference, however, was found on only the motor-motor interference task. These results suggest that possible sex differences in cerebral lateralisation may be less prominent among particular types of interference laterality tasks, and more reliably found with motor-motor interference lateralization measures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

WAIS-R marker for dementia of the Alzheimer type? An empirical and statistical induction test.

A specific WAIS subtest pattern has recently been shown to occur more frequently in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) than in cases of multi-infarct dementia (Fuld, 1984; Brinkman & Braun, 1984). To date, only one study has examined the frequency of this WAIS pattern in a normal elderly sample and found it to be infrequent (Tuokko & Crocket, 1987). If replicated on a larger sample of normals, it would increase the potential of this pattern as a behavioral marker of DAT. WAIS-R scores (age-corrected) were analyzed on a sample of 149 healthy volunteers (ages 60-94) who were part of an ongoing aging study. Because only 12% of the sample revealed this WAIS pattern, its utility as a conditional marker of DAT in three different hypothetical clinical base rate settings was evaluated. Results provided cautious optimism for the application of this marker in certain clinical settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Handedness distribution in a residential population with severe or profound mental retardation.

Handedness within a sample of mentally retarded subjects was assessed using a procedure that includes a large number of items appropriate for lower functioning subjects, with multiple presentations within and between sessions one week apart. Results revealed a dramatic shift from the normal right-handed bias primarily due to the presence of a large mixed-handedness subtype, which proved to be ambiguously handed in that these subjects showed inconsistent hand preference within items. Reasons why this subtype has not been reported previously were discussed, and a model was postulated to explain the resultant handedness distribution in terms of probable central nervous system substrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A syndrome of pathological left-handedness. Correlates of early left hemisphere injury.

A pattern of correlative changes in lateralization in individuals with known or suspected brain injury recently has been advanced as the syndrome of pathological left-handedness (PLH). This syndrome, which is believed to be caused by an early left-sided cerebral lesion, may include asymmetric motor and/or trophic changes on the right side of a body part in addition to changes in higher-level cognitive processing abilities. Several clinical case studies have provided support for such a syndrome. Despite their clinical subject to inherent biases of selection. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the PLH syndrome in a systematic fashion by using a large number of brain-injured and normal subjects. The incidence of each of the putative elements of the PLH syndrome was investigated. The results suggest that traits such as atypical cerebral speech representation, motor impairment of the nondominant hand, and hypoplasia of the right foot are salient features of the syndrome. The results are discussed with reference to clinical diagnostic implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes.

The present study reports preliminary data from two unselected samples of carefully diagnosed autistic subjects (children and adults) and an assessment procedure that includes a large sample of items, appropriate for lower-functioning autistic subjects, with multiple presentations within and between sessions 1 week apart. The study seeks to determine (1) whether a raised incidence of non-right-handedness exists in these samples (2) if so, what constructs best represent this shift in the handedness distribution (i.e., phenotype and CNS substrate) and (3) whether these handedness phenotypes are associated with different levels of cognitive functioning. The results reveal a dramatic shift away from right-handedness in both autistic samples, due to a raised incidence of two phenotypes, manifest left-handedness and ambiguous handedness. The ambiguously handed, who were postulated to represent substantial bilateral CNS pathology due to early brain injury, were found to have much lower intellectual scores in one of the study samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Developmental classification of reading-disabled children.

The present study developed and used longitudinal cluster analysis, a multivariate classification technique, to classify a sample of 200 nonclinical normal and reading-disabled males based on their performances on a neuropsychological battery at kindergarten, second, and fifth grades. The resulting classification was examined against various internal and external validation criteria. Using a validation framework, five developmental subtypes of children, two normal and three deficit reader groups, were found. Three of these groups could best be described as partitions of a multivariate normal distribution; the other two, both containing deficit readers, showed different covariance structures, suggesting differing developmental patterns. These groups were shown to differ with respect to the domains of academic achievement, parental achievement, neurological status, birth histories, school behaviors, and neuropsychological-cognitive development. The results suggest that developmental classifications can be formed by using multivariate classification methods and the subtypes support findings from cross-sectional classification research on similar populations.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Left-handedness, dyslexia, and autoimmune disorder: a critique.

Concerns are raised regarding recent claims of an association between left-handedness and autoimmune disease and/or dyslexia. The available data provide only marginal support at best for these claims which, in addition, contain potentially misleading implications about left-handedness. Furthermore, some of the theoretical bases for the proposed associations are inconsistent with the relevant literature. Revisions in the theory are suggested to make it more consistent with the literature and to foster alternative explanations for a n autoimmune disease and dyslexia.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Normative data on the Boston Naming Test for a group of normal older adults.

The 60-item Boston Naming Test was administered to a group of 78 normal, bright, and independently living older adults in five age groupings from 59 to 80+ in an attempt to generate normative data for an older population. Results indicated that naming abilities decline only slightly with advancing age (r = -.33), although consistent with prior research, more variation in performance was found in the higher age groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Trophic changes following early unilateral injury to the brain.

Measurements of the lengths of the feet and hands are reported for 15 neurologically normal children and for 17 children with left and 12 with right cerebral lesions. For those with left lesions the length of the left hand and foot significantly exceeded the right, while for those with right lesions the right hand and foot significantly exceeded the left. No significant foot or hand differences were found among the neurologically normal children. These findings demonstrate the association of atrophic limb-changes with unilateral brain lesions, and suggest that asymmetrical foot and hand growth may be a biological marker of early cerebral lesions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

The role of familial sinistrality in cerebral organization.

The literature on the relationship between familial sinistrality (FS) and laterality is conflicting. A large scale investigation employing multiple measures of laterality assessment and rigorous methods of handedness and FS determination was conducted with a normal population of left- and right-handers. The results failed to find a relationship between FS and hemispheric representation of speech despite the fact that a robust relationship was found between handedness and hemispheric speech specialization. Possible reasons for these null findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The pathological left-handedness syndrome.

A clinical syndrome of pathological left-handedness (PLH) is proposed to identify the pattern of correlative changes in lateral development associated with early brain injury in some manifest left-handers. This syndrome is believed to be caused by a hemispheric lesion that is predominantly left-sided (or bilateral asymmetric), which onsets before Age 6, and which encroaches upon the critical speech zones of the frontotemporal/frontoparietal cortex. The pattern of changes may include any or all of the following features: shifts in manual dominance, trophic changes in the extremities, transfer of hemispheric speech, and/or intrahemispheric reorganization of visuospatial cognitive functions. Although some of these correlates of PLH have long been known, they have not been recognized as an interrelated pattern of traits that constitute a clinical syndrome. Identification of these individuals, all manifest left-handers, will be shown to have implications for diagnosis/remediation and for models of recovery of function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pedal asymmetries and handedness.

The relationship between pedal asymmetries and handedness has been the subject of several investigations. Support for pedal asymmetries occurring in the normal population have been reported which are claimed to be a function of handedness and sex. If true, these asymmetries would confound the assessment of trophic changes due to localized brain injury. However, at least four attempts to replicate these results have failed. The present study was undertaken to reassess this hypothesis using more rigorous measurement of handedness and foot length with a more representative sample allowing for larger hand by sex groups than has been previously used. No differences in the direction of foot size were found regardless of hand or sex classification.

Adolescent↗