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Biomedical subjects

P Russell

Publications and source records attributed to P Russell.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effect of intra-amniotic injection of triiodothyronine on pulmonary maturity in lambs at 130 days gestation.

Saline or triiodothyronine (T3) (50-1000 micrograms) was injected into the amniotic sac of 17 pregnant ewes under general anesthesia at 130 days gestation. Forty-eight h later, the lambs were delivered by hysterotomy. Cord plasma T3 and cortisol and amniotic fluid T3 were assayed, and the maturity of the fetal lung was assessed in terms of its pressure-volume response and its surfactant (lamellar body phospholipid) content. With the highest dose of T3, cord plasma T3 and cortisol were raised, and lung maturity was enhanced compared with saline-treated controls; the pressure-volume curve showed increased hysteresis on inflation and deflation, and the lung retained air on return to zero pressure. There was also an apparent, but not statistically significant, increase in the lamellar body phospholipid content of the lung. Irrespective of treatment, lungs which were more mature, in terms of their pressure-volume characteristics, tended to contain a higher proportion of lamellar body phospholipid relative to total phospholipid.

Amnion↗
PubMed1984

Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content as an adjunct to the diagnosis of ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy.

Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content was performed on tissue from 44 borderline ovarian tumours (tumours of low malignant potential). Forty-two tumours (95%) were diploid and associated with both an indolent biological behaviour and good prognosis. Aneuploidy was identified in only 2 tumours (5%), and one of the associated patients died of progressive disease within months of the initial diagnosis. Careful review of the histopathology of these 2 aneuploid tumours revealed areas of invasion in the omental and peritoneal "implants" of each. This study has reinforced the currently advocated separation of so-called borderline tumours from invasive ovarian carcinomas and the interpretation of the pathological criteria used to categorize such neoplasms. Our results indicate that flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content may complement conventional histopathological diagnosis by providing an objective parameter which correlates with biological behaviour and may identify the few genuine borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms which show clinical progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The development of a monoclonal antibody to a human gamma crystallin.

A monoclonal antibody to human lens 24,000 molecular weight gamma crystallin has been produced in rat x mouse hybridoma cell lines. The antibody reacts specifically with the 24,000 molecular weight gamma crystallin and does not cross react with the 21,000 or the 19,000 gamma crystallins. The antibody reacts with protein from dog, mouse, monkey and bovine lenses but does not react with proteins from chick lens. The 24,000 molecular weight gamma protein increases from 2% of the soluble protein in the fetal lens to 14% in the 2 month old lens to 25% in the adult lens. No difference was observed in the amount of this crystallin between the nuclear and cortical regions of the adult lens. In one hypermature cataractous lens, the amount of this crystallin decreased to a value of about 5% of the total soluble protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of a human, sex steroid-responsive transitional cell carcinoma maintained as a tumor line (R198) in athymic nude mice.

We have established a transplantable tumor line, R198, derived from a papillary (transitional cell) carcinoma of the human urinary bladder. In nude mice, the tumor line exhibits properties attributable to both prostatic and transitional epithelia. In tumor-bearing animals given androgens, the neoplasm has a rapid growth rate, possesses low levels of measurable androgen receptors, produces tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase, and forms well-encapsulated, cystic tumors composed of transitional, glandular, and squamous cells. The administration of estrogens or transplantation of the tumor into female mice causes regression of the tumor. In a small percentage of the transplants placed into females or estrogenized animals, selection occurs for tumor cells which can grow under these conditions. The resulting tumors are infiltrating scirrhous carcinomas that closely resemble squamous cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. These neoplasms grow slowly and do not possess androgen receptors or secretory material. They are composed of a homogeneous population of squamous cells which are locally invasive. The paradox of a bladder tumor with some prostatic characteristics may be explained by the fact that the tumor was derived from the trigone region of the bladder, which embryologically is formed by an admixture of tissue from the wolffian duct and the urogenital sinus. Some trigone-derived neoplasms have characteristics of both bladder and prostate. We hypothesize that sex steroid-sensitive R198, with characteristics of both bladder transitional cells and prostatic epithelia, is a tumor which phenotypically expresses the embryological origins of these tissues. As such, the tumor line will serve as a useful model for studying sex steroid-responsive cells of the urogenital epithelium.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer.

Tumor cellular DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in 91 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, using a new and simple technique which allows archival paraffin-embedded tissue to be studied; 69% of the tumors were aneuploid, and 31% were diploid. Tumor ploidy was shown by multivariate Cox model analysis to be an independent prognostic variable and the major determinant of survival. Patients with diploid tumors survived significantly longer than did those with aneuploid tumors (p much less than 0.0001; X2 = 25.44; d.f. = 1).

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1984

In vitro alterations similar to posttranslational modification of lens proteins.

Changes similar to posttranslational modifications that are observed with osmotic cataract formation in vivo can be seen with homogenates of lenses. These modifications are the loss of a 31,000 molecular weight (MW) beta crystallin polypeptide, an increase in a 25,000 MW membrane polypeptide. These modifications are potentiated by calcium and occur more rapidly at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Inhibitors of pepsin or of serine proteases do not influence these modifications, although proteolysis may be responsible for the changes observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Growth-stimulatory effects of retinoblastoma-derived growth factors and other mitogens on Nakano mouse lens epithelial cells.

A polypeptide growth factor (RDGF) secreted by a human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79) grown in serum-free defined medium stimulated DNA synthesis up to 36-fold and cellular proliferation by 100% upon 3 days of exposure to quiescent Nakano mouse lens epithelial cells (NKR-11) deprived of serum supplements. The stimulation of DNA synthesis produced by RDGF in the absence of serum could be further potentiated by the presence of 0.1 microgram/ml of insulin or 0.1 microgram/ml of arginine vasopressin. 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the other hand, produced a 30-40% decrease in RDGF activity at 0.01-1.0 microgram/ml of TPA. The stimulation of DNA synthesis produced by RDGF, and its potentiation by the simultaneous addition of insulin, could be sustained after transient exposure (30 min) to RDGF, or RDGDF plus insulin, respectively, whereas insulin alone as little effect after exposures of up to 6 h. Nerve growth factor (1.0 pg to 1.0 microgram/ml) did not stimulate DNA synthesis or cell division in NKR-11 cells, whereas fibroblast growth factor (FGF) produced an optimal 3-fold stimulation of DNA synthesis at 10 ng/ml. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity was optimal and showed a 5-fold increase in DNA synthesis at 100 pg/ml in NKR-11 cells. The early receptor-mediated events that might be responsible for the transition to a proliferative state in quiescent Nakano mouse lens epithelial cells are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cervical carcinoma: a drug-responsive tumor--experience with combined cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy.

Thirty-five patients with advanced cervical cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB). Sixty-six percent of 33 evaluable patients showed objective tumor response and complete remissions were seen in six (18%) patients. The median duration of tumor response in patients with recurrent cervical cancer was 24 weeks (range 8 to 104 weeks). Multivariate analysis of pretreatment variables including prior radiotherapy did not identify patients with a higher response probability. Nausea and vomiting were usual side effects of chemotherapy and there was one definite treatment-related death. Cervical cancer is responsive to cisplatin based combination chemotherapy. The role of chemotherapy in conjunction with radiotherapy or surgery in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer remains to be defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ploidy as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer.

The cellular DNA content of 50 ovarian common epithelial carcinomas was determined by flow cytometry, and tumours were classified as being either diploid or aneuploid. A significant association between tumour stage and ploidy was demonstrated, with all diploid tumours being of an early stage (p less than 0.001). Forty percent of early-stage tumours (FIGO stages I and II) and all late-stage tumours (FIGO stages III and IV) were aneuploid. This heterogeneity with respect to DNA content among tumours of a similar stage may allow the identification of neoplasms with a different natural history. The proportion of S-phase cells determined by flow cytometry is a measure of cellular proliferation and may also be of prognostic significance. Diploid tumours had a median S phase of 9.8% (2.4-14.1%), while aneuploid tumours had a significantly higher S phase of 19.6% (7-24.7%; p less than 0.05). In this study there was no relationship between histological grading of invasive carcinomas and ploidy, but in view of the relatively small numbers and limited follow-up, it was not possible to perform a multivariate analysis of all known prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. Our results suggest that ploidy reflects tumour behaviour, but prolonged follow-up and increased patient accrual is necessary to assess whether the flow cytometric analysis of DNA content will provide clinically important information in ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Argyrophilia and endometrial carcinoma.

The incidence and patterns of argyrophilia in 25 endometrial carcinomas were analysed and correlated with other pathological features. In addition, the frequency with which argyrophilia was identified within nonneoplastic endometrium and cervix from this carcinoma group was compared with that of a control group of 25 patients without malignant disease. Using the Grimelius stain, argyrophilia was observed in 68% of endometrial carcinomas, although in 28%, only rare positive cells were identified. Seven tumours (six argyrophilic carcinomas and one small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma) were examined by electron microscopy, which revealed neurosecretory granules. Argyrophilia was also found at the ultrastructural level. ACTH and calcitonin were revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique in four of the nine argyrophilic tumours examined. Argyrophilic cells in nonneoplastic endometrium were found in 10% of the carcinoma cases and 8% of the control cases; this has not been described previously. No correlation could be established between the presence or degree of argyrophilia and histological type or grade of carcinoma, extent of tumour infiltration, or argyrophilia in nonneoplastic endometrium or cervix. We conclude that argyrophilia in endometrial carcinomas has no clinicopathological significance. The histogenesis of endometrial and cervical argyrophilic cells is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tubes: a clinicopathological study of eight cases.

Eight cases of clinically evident adenocarcinoma of fallopian tubes were encountered in King George V Memorial Hospital between Jan. 1950 and Dec. 1981. The tumours occurred predominantly in postmenopausal women and usually presented with vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain. A pelvic mass was invariably present. The tubal carcinomas were associated with peritoneal endosalpingiosis, ovarian serous neoplasms and epithelial lesions of the breast. Tumour spread was mainly by invasion of the tubal wall with direct involvement of adjacent organs and subsequent transcelomic dissemination. Prognostic factors are discussed. One patient presented with cerebellar disturbance which was considered to be a paraneoplastic syndrome. We believe this to be the first case of such a syndrome in association with tubal carcinoma and the case history is presented in detail.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Contrast sensitivity of hemodialysis patients.

The contrast sensitivity of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure was measured and compared to that of a control group. Both contrast sensitivity and visual acuity of the patients were reduced. Ocular and fundoscopic exams revealed differences between the patients and controls, but these differences could not fully account for the visual deficits. The visual deficits could be expected to cause reduced visibility under everyday conditions for the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Flow cytometric and morphological studies of ovarian carcinoma cell lines and xenografts.

Human ovarian cancers of four different histological types have been cultured in vitro and in nude mice. Nineteen tumor specimens (11 solid tumors and eight malignant effusions) were obtained from 14 patients. Tumor lines from ten of these patients were established after several subpassages, and six xenograft lines have been grown, all of them from tumors of which a cell line exists in vitro. In all, 14 lines have been successfully cultured from the 19 tumor specimens. The morphology (studied by light and electron microscopy) of the established lines in vitro and in vivo resembles that of the original tumors in all cases. Flow cytometric studies of DNA content of the original tumor specimens and the cell culture and xenograft lines were performed. In all lines in both culture systems, aneuploid cells became predominant after the first to fourth passages, despite an aneuploid peak having been evident in only nine of the 19 initial specimens. Four of the original tumor specimens contained measurable estrogen receptors and five progesterone receptors, but none of the established cell lines expressed these hormone receptors. These results indicate that, while morphological features are similar in the initial tumor specimens and in the established lines in vitro and in vivo, flow cytometric and steroid hormone receptor data suggest selection of aneuploid and receptor-negative cells.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1983

Ganglion cell topography in human fetal retinae.

Whole-mounted human fetal retinae of gestational ages 14-40 weeks have been studied. These preparations clearly show the distribution of retinal ganglion cells or their precursors across the retina, and the pattern of the retinal vessels and vessel primordia. The ganglion cell layer is present at 14 weeks of gestation and distribution of cells in this layer (ganglion cell precursors) is at first uniform. Ganglion cell density gradients that foreshadow those seen in the adult retina become evident by about 20 weeks gestation. Both mature ganglion cells and precursor cells are present in retinae at about 24 weeks and precursor cells are still seen in the peripheral parts of the retina at about 30 weeks of gestation. The development of mature ganglion cells would appear to coincide with the establishment of retinal circulation, and proceeds in centrifugal sequence from central retinal.

Gestational Age↗