[Treatment modalities of hydatid cysts of the liver: progress or revolution?].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
P Rey
Publications and source records attributed to P Rey.
Dopamine and serotonin in the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary: main metabolites and changes during gonadal recrudescence.
Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the trout pituitary have been studied. Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were separated as pure peaks by HPLC. Peak purity and identity were confirmed by electrochemical behavior. However, measurable amounts of the O-methylated DA metabolites 3-methoxytyramine and homovanillic acid were not detected in pituitary glands of different-aged trout or during the reproductive cycle. Treatment with L-DOPA or DA increased DOPAC levels, whereas O-methylated DA metabolites remained undetectable. Thus, MAO may be the major, if not the only, enzyme involved in DA catabolism in trout pituitary. A pronounced decline in dopaminergic turnover, measured as the DOPAC/DA ratio, was seen as gonadal recrudescence developed. 5HT or 5HIAA levels were not associated with reproductive status.
Animals↗
Characterization of a novel drought-induced 34-kDa protein located in the thylakoids of Solanum tuberosum L. plants.
Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and Coomassie Blue staining, the accumulation of a 34-kDa protein (named cdsp 34 for chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein) is shown in the thylakoids of Solanum tuberosum plants subjected to a progressive and reversible water deficit. In-vivo labeling experiments showed an increased synthesis of cdsp 34 from the early stages of drought stress (leaf relative water content around 85%) and throughout the constraint. Sequences of the N-terminal part and of four tryptic-digest peptides did not reveal significant homology between the cdsp 34 protein and other known proteins. Western blotting analysis, using a serum raised against the N-terminal part of cdsp 34, confirmed the accumulation of cdsp 34 in thylakoids upon drought stress. From immunoblot analysis of different chloroplastic subfractions, the cdsp 34 protein appears to be an extrinsic protein preferentially located in unstacked stroma thylakoids. Immunoprecipitation of in-vitro-translated products, as well as Southern analysis, showed that the cdsp 34 protein is nuclear encoded. After rewatering of water-stressed plants, the level of cdsp 34 synthesis was reduced, but remained substantially higher than in control plants. Western analysis showed the persistence of a high amount of cdsp 34 in rewatered plants for at least two weeks. Based on the abundance and on the location of cdsp 34 within thylakoids, a putative role for this novel chloroplastic protein is discussed in relation to the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants to dehydration.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Adenoma of Brunner's gland: a rare cause of duodenal obstruction].
Pseudo-tumoral hyperplasia of the Brünner glands is an exceptional dysembryoplastic or hyperplastic lesion which develops in the submucosa of the supra papillary proximal duodenum. We report a case of Brünner adenoma which led to duodenal obstruction. In 50% of the cases, the adenoma was asymptomatic but non-specific signs may lead to barium studies. CT scan of the abdomen or esogastroduodenal endoscopy which rarely provides formal histological proof. Major complications (hemorrhage, duodenal obstruction) and lack of formal diagnosis often leads to surgery, ideally with tumor resection after duodenotomy. Other prodecures (simple observation, endoscopic polypectomy, duodenopancreatectomy, biliary or digestive bypass without tumorectomy) may be entertained depending on the functional status, the volume of the tumor, presence of complications and overall general status.
Adenoma↗
[What is known about viral hepatitis C seroprevalence in Africa?].
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Adolescent↗
Kidney ATPase response in seawater-transferred rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Effect of salinity and fish size.
Two sizes of domesticated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 40 +/- 0.67 and 180 +/- 3.9 g) were directly transferred to brackish water (9 ppt) and seawater (28 ppt). Kidney Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities were measured in fresh water, and after long-term seawater adaptation (up to 21 days). Renal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity increased after saltwater loading in small trout, while large trout displayed an unmodified ATPase activity. The smallest trout showed a low but progressive increase in renal Mg(2+)-ATPase activity after the transfer to both salinities. However, ATPase activity remained unchanged or significantly decreased in large trout after the transfer to seawater or brackish water, respectively.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Compensation for occupational injuries and diseases: its effect upon prevention at the workplace.
In Switzerland, as in many other industrialized countries, the nature and extent of prevention at the workplace is determined, at least partially, by known cases of compensated occupational injuries and diseases. At both the national and international levels (ILO conventions), injuries and diseases that fit appropriate lists and definitions are eligible for compensation. It has been found, based upon an investigation of a representative sample (965 subjects) of the working population in the French-speaking region of Switzerland, that this restrictive view does not take into account the fact that a large proportion of injuries and diseases are claimed by the victims to be caused by their job. These injuries and diseases, responsible for at least one month's absence from work, are not considered to be eligible for compensation but must be covered by the patient's own insurance. Moreover, the survey showed that workers considered the ill effects on health and safety to be a consequence less of the physical working environment than of the work organization, and that this category of risks was not recognized. Thus, in addition to the reduction of hazards by the application of industrial hygiene, an informed improvement of the workplace and the work organization was required. Consequently, laws and regulations on occupational injuries and diseases should be changed in order to emphasize the role of more appropriate preventive tools, which includes ergonomics.
Absenteeism↗
[Unilateral agenesis of the pulmonary artery. Diagnosis and therapeutic management].
A case of agenesia of the right pulmonary artery was observed. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this congenital anomaly as well as treatment were reviewed: Surveillance or surgery?
Adult↗
[Acute respiratory insufficiency in a young drug addict of Polynesian origin].
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Acute Disease↗
[Round pulmonary lesions after returning from French Guyana. Six cases of american pulmonary histoplasmosis].
From 1989 to 1994, 71 patients were hospitalized for diagnosis of round lung lesions including 49 servicemen under the age of 45 years who had been stationed in tropical areas. In 6 of these servicemen, the diagnosis was pulmonary histoplasmosis at the tertiary stage of histoplasmoma. All had done duty in French Guyana and were negative for human immunodeficiency virus. The subpleural lung opacity was the only lesion in 5 out of 6 patients and was calcified in 4 out of 6 patients. Since skin tests with histoplasmin and serologic testing for histoplasmosis failed to achieve definitive diagnosis, surgical biopsy was performed by conventional thoracotomy in 2 cases and video-assisted thoracic surgery in 4 cases. The specimens obtained confirmed diagnosis of histoplasmosis on mycologic criteria in 3 cases and on a combination of findings including compatible histologic evidence in 3 cases. Treatment consisted in surgical excision of the nodules, for which video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery proved to be an excellent technique because of its simplicity and rapidity.
Adult↗
[Uncommon complication of the use of implantable chambers in oncology].
The catheter of an implantable chamber migrated into the pulmonary infundibulum in a patient given chemotherapy for bronchogenic cancer. Current management of such cases is to remove the catheter under pulmonary angiography control using a basket system.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Measurement of bone density in the wrist using X-ray absorptiometry: comparison with measurements of other sites].
In order to validate a new technique to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the forearm with a single X-ray absorptiometry device (DTX 100), we have measured the BMD of 195 women, aged 32 to 83 years, free of metabolic bone disease, simultaneously on two devices: 1. BMD of the ultradistal radius and of the distal radius and ulna on DTX 100, Osteometer, 2. BMD of the lumbar spine, of the proximal femur, of the whole body and of the distal and ultradistal radius by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on an Hologic 2000 device. The precision of DTX, assessed by 5 repeated measurements on 9 volunteers, was 1% for the distal site and 2% for the ultradistal site. There was a high correlation (r = 0.93) between radial BMD measurement by DTX and Hologic 2000. Correlations between forearm BMDs measured by DTX and whole body BMD were as high (r = 0.80-0.82) as between whole body BMD and lumbar spine (r = 0.82), femoral neck (r = 0.77) and femoral trochanter (r = 0.76). Age-related bone loss measured by DTX was 27% and 31% at the distal and ultra distal radius respectively, as compared to 17% for the lumbar spine, 21% for the femoral neck and 16% for the whole body BMD. In a group of 20 untreated osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures, forearm BMD was as sensitive (T score of -3.1 and -2.9 for distal and ultra distal) as was lumbar spine (T = -2.9) and femoral neck (T = -2.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Cell-type specific expression of three rice genes GOS2, GOS5 and GOS9.
The cell-type-specific expression of three rice genes, GOS2, GOS5 and GOS9, was studied by mRNA in situ hybridization. Previous northern blot analysis revealed that these genes were constitutive, green tissue-specific and root-specific, respectively. In this study, GOS2 transcripts were observed in all leaf cell types. In roots, a temporal and spatial expression pattern was noticed. Higher mRNA levels were observed in lateral roots, especially in parenchymal cells of the vascular cylinder. Expression of GOS5 was mainly found in chloroplast-containing cells. For GOS9, significant levels of signal were observed in root and leaf sections.
Gene Expression Regulation↗
[Occupational risk: a sampling study in French-speaking Switzerland].
To prevent professional injuries and diseases, the need of analyzing risks at the work place from the individual as well as from collective point of view, is emphasized by law-makers. The present study shows that, using epidemiology enquiries allows one to analyse the prevalence of professional diseases in a population, without using the "LAA type" lists. One can see that these diseases, though linked to professional activity, go far beyond the limits of the insurance prescribed definitions.
Accidents, Occupational↗
Effects of CO(2)-Enrichment and of Aminoacetonitrile on Growth and Photosynthesis of Photoautotrophic Calli of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia.
Photoautotrophic calli of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia were grown for 3 weeks under two CO(2) concentrations (500 and 20,000 microliters of CO(2) per liter). Calli cultured at high CO(2) exhibited a two-fold higher rate of growth. At CO(2) test levels, these calli were characterized by a lower net photosynthetic capacity than calli cultured at low CO(2). This diminution due to CO(2) adaptation could be ascribed to a 170% stimulation of dark respiration, a 40% decrease in total ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity, and also to a feedback inhibition of photosynthesis: high CO(2) grown calli contained about 5.5-fold more sucrose and three-fold less orthophosphate (Pi) than low CO(2) grown calli. Whether the decrease in Rubisco activity is related to the accumulation of sucrose and to the Pi limitation is discussed. Both calli exhibited a Warburg-effect showing the existence of active photorespiration at low CO(2). In calli grown at low CO(2) with 5 millimolar aminoacetonitrile (AAN), an inhibitor of the glycolate pathway, fresh weight decreased by 25% and chlorophyll content by 40%, dark respiration increased by 50% and net CO(2) uptake decreased by about 60% at 340 microliters of CO(2) per liter and 35% at 10,000 microliters of CO(2) per liter. In these calli, glutamine and glutamate contents were half of control calli. In contrast, AAN did not provoke any noticeable effect in calli grown at high CO(2). In photoautotrophic calli, the inhibition of the glycolate pathway by AAN results in severe perturbations in glutamate metabolism and in chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Journal Article↗
[New surgical procedure for the protection of the small intestine before postoperative pelvic irradiation].
A prosthesis was designed to protect the intestinal loop from external beam radiation therapy when post-operative radiation is indicated. It is a silicone inflatable balloon, which, when implanted displaces the intestinal loops out of the pelvic irradiation field. The prosthesis can be deflated between each course of irradiation, without surgery. The device has been used in 8 patients: 6 patients with recurrent pelvic tumor (2 rectal cancers, 1 anal cancer, 1 cancer of the endometrium, 1 cervical carcinoma, 1 ovarian carcinoma), 2 patients with primary tumor (1 malignant paraganglioma, 1 cervical carcinoma). Radiotherapy was administered by means of high power appliances. After radiotherapy, the prosthesis was deflated, then removed through a 3 cm incision under local or peridural anesthesia. The tolerance of the small intestine to the radiation therapy has been satisfactory in each case with no bowel injury due to radiation. Therefore, this simple device might be useful to prevent bowel injury during postoperative radiation in the treatment of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumor masses.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Screening vs. individual detection of industrial fluorosis: a decision analysis model.
In preventive medicine and occupational health, decision-makers face uncertainty, divergent opinions, and varying needs. In the Swiss aluminum industry, screening for industrial fluorosis illustrates how decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis can provide rational and explicit models of decision-making in such contexts. Data on fluoride-exposed potroom workers are used to compare the cost-effectiveness of two strategies: mass screening of fluorosis versus individual detection of the disease on the basis of the worker's symptoms. A decision-analysis and a sensitivity analysis are performed to assess the impact of the screening program for different levels of expected prevalence of the disease. The optimal decision, in economic terms, is the one that minimizes the pension and screening-related costs and maximizes the number of years of full working capacity. Swiss data suggest that a diagnosis of clinical fluorosis is unlikely before 10 years of exposure to fluoride. Between 10 and 30 years of exposure to fluoride, mass screening may be more cost-effective than individual detection of the disease, even when the expected prevalence of the disease in a given industrial setting is less than 10%.
Aluminum↗
Photorespiratory Properties of Mesophyll Protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia.
The photorespiratory activity of mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia has been clearly demonstrated by the presence of a Warburg-effect, the occurrence of an important CO(2)-sensitive O(2) uptake and the effect of some photorespiratory inhibitors on photosynthetic activity. At a nonsaturating dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration (0.1 millimolar), we observed that the rate of CO(2) fixation was 60% lower at 50% O(2) compared to that measured at 2% O(2). Using (18)O(2) and mass spectrometry, we measured O(2) exchange as a function of light intensity and of DIC concentration. Oxygen uptake measured at the CO(2) compensation point (47.4 micromoles O(2) per hour per milligram chlorophyll) was three-fold higher than that measured at a saturating CO(2) concentration. Cyanide or iodoacetamide, inhibitors of the Calvin cycle, were found to reduce the O(2) uptake to the same extent as CO(2) saturation. We conclude from these results that the major part of the CO(2)-sensitive O(2) uptake is due to photorespiration. Further, we investigated the effect on net photosynthesis of some inhibitors of the glycolate pathway. At CO(2) saturation (10 millimolar DIC), 5 millimolar aminoacetonitrile (AAN), and 1 millimolar aminooxyacetate (AOA) did not cause any significant decrease in net photosynthesis. However, when these two inhibitors were added under a period of active photorespiration (10 minutes at the CO(2) compensation point at 20% O(2)), we observed a decrease in the rate of net photosynthesis at 10 millimolar DIC measured afterward (respectively, 18 and 29%). This inhibition did not appear at 2% O(2), but was stronger at 50% O(2) (40% for AAN and 47% for AOA). With 0.05 millimolar butyl 2-hydroxy-3-butynoate (BHB) or 0.5 millimolar l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (l-MSO), rates of net photosynthesis at 10 millimolar DIC were decreased by 10 to 15%. Additional decreases were observed after a period at the CO(2) compensation point at 20% O(2) (30% for BHB and 20% for l-MSO). From the sites of action of the four inhibitors tested, we suggest the inhibition of photosynthesis occurring after a period of active photorespiration to be due to the toxic accumulation of nonmetabolized phosphoglycolate.
Journal Article↗