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Biomedical subjects

P Reich

Publications and source records attributed to P Reich.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Narcolepsy: an initial clinical approach.

Pragmatic, empirical methods are available for the diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy. Diagnosis can be based on the history of specific symptoms; a questionnaire scale can reliably confirm sleepiness, while performance tests and other laboratory procedures may illuminate the clinical picture when the diagnosis is unclear. A treatment program includes scheduling of sleep and naps, careful progressive refinement of the drug regimen, dependable record keeping, and supportive or insight-oriented psychotherapy aimed at enhancing adherence to prescribed regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute psychological disturbances preceding life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

To investigate the prevalence of acute psychological disturbances during the 24 hours preceding life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, we studied the mental states and psychological experiences preceding arrhythmic episodes in 117 patients who were referred for antiarrhythmic management. Sixty-two had survived cardiac arrest and 55 suffered symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Twenty-five patients were experiencing acute emotional disturbances during the 24 hours preceding the arrhythmias. Eighteen had two or more episodes associated with psychological disturbances. These 25 patients were distinguished from the rest of the series in having generally less severe structural heart disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Effect of psychological stress on the induction of arthritis in rats.

To determine whether emotional states could influence susceptibility to type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats, we studied the effects of experimentally produced psychological stress on the clinical, histologic, and immunologic manifestations of this autoimmune disease. Stress, induced by exposure to a cat, abrogated the development of arthritis in rats immunized with type II collagen. The incidence of arthritis was also decreased in rats subjected to transportation and handling. These environmental factors dissociated the development of humoral and cellular sensitivity to collagen from the occurrence of arthritis. This study provides a unique demonstration that psychosomatic processes can influence an animal mode of autoimmunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Psychiatric consultation among hospitalized arthritis patients.

Fifty consecutive psychiatric consultations on 48 patients over an 18-month period in an arthritis hospital are analyzed. The range of psychiatric disorders and their relationship to characteristics of the patient population, such as age, sex, and medical diagnosis, are described. Approximately 2% of patients admitted to the hospital during this period elicited psychiatric consultation. This rate is one-third of the consultation rate of an acute medical and surgical hospital serviced by the same consultants. The relative distribution of psychiatric diagnoses--depression 59%, personality disorders and drug abuse 15%, psychosis 10%, conversion reaction 10%, and "other" 6%--was similar to that encountered in an acute general hospital setting. Although depression was the most prevalent psychiatric problem, it was severe enough to elicit consultation only in 1% of the total hospitalized population; its severity did not correlate directly with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, the most common medical diagnosis encountered. Neither a particular medical illness nor sex accounted for a disproportionate share of the psychiatric consultations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A sleep clinic within a general hospital psychiatry service.

A sleep clinic was founded within a general hospital psychiatry service. A practical approach toward sleep problems included: flexible diagnostic investigations; descriptive, imprecise diagnostic categories; and symptomatic treatment measures. A summary of 100 consecutive patients with chronic insomnia is presented to illustrate this approach. Of 36 treatment failures, most were due to incomplete treatment rather than irremediable problems. The general psychiatry service may provide a favorable base for a sleep clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Txe urethral pressure profile in continent and stress incontinent women (author's transl)].

The urethral pressure profiles in 21 continent and 39 stressincontinent women were recorded by the Millar-microtransducer. An analysis of the profiles of the anterior, lateral and posterior urethral wall was performed and the most significant parameters for the urodynamic diagnosis of stress-incontinence were evaluated. It could be demonstrated, that the total tonometric urethral length, the functional urethral length and the maximal urethral closure pressure at rest are of little practical value for the urodynamic diagnosis of stress-incontinence. On the other hand an excellent correlation between urethral pressure profile under stress and anamnestic and clinical stress-incontinence was found. The analysis of the pressure profiles under stress of the anterior, lateral and posterior urethral wall showed, that these have a great variability depending on the urethral sector where the measurements are performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Psychophysiologic factors in sudden cardiac death.

Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of fatality in the industrially developed world. A considerable body of evidence indicates that the higher nervous system modifies electrical activity of the heart and may trigger sudden death. The evidence for increased risk for ventricular fibrillation due to psychophysiologic factors is supported predominantly by animal studies, but increasing evidence is forthcoming from human studies. The involvement of psychiatrists, psychologists, and cardiologists in a multidisciplinary approach to managing patients at risk for sudden death from ventricular fibrillation is yielding significant insights and prolonging their lives.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The influence of the psyche and the brain on immunity and disease susceptibility: a critical review.

In critically reviewing the sources of evidence connecting psyche and brain with the immune system, the authors include a brief review of current knowledge of the immune system, its interactions with the neuroendocrine system, and other factors influencing its regulation. These include developmental stages, aging, rhythmicity, and a variety of exogenous influences. The need for developing further information about normal base lines is emphasized. Against that background, many sources of data demonstrating connections between the central nervous system and the immune system are presented: indirect evidence from clinical and experimental illnesses involving the immune system, and direct changes in either humoral or cellular immunity after natural or experimental stress, conditioning, hypnosis, and direct brain stimulation. Possible mechanisms are discussed, as well as some important methodological issues for further research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Catamnestic study about the fertility of the man (author's transl)].

Collective investigations of fertility in childless married couples were carried out in 9 andrological health centres of the GDR. Analysis of 1937 spermatograms in comparison to fertility after 1 to 2 years shows: (1) Fertility decreases significantly at sperm density nearly 10 million per ml. (2) Motility below 60 per cent caused reduced fertility. Normal motility is more important than normal density of spermatozoa. (3) Fructose level doesn't correlate to motility or fertility of man.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Abrogation of type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats by psychological stress.

This study shows that psychological stress, produced either by exposure to a predator or by movement and handling, can profoundly suppress the clinical and histologic manifestations of collagen-induced arthritis. In addition, stress can dissociate the development of humoral and cellular sensitivity to collagen from the occurrence of arthritis. Thus stress modalities provide a means of acquiring additional insights into the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Such studies may lead to a further understanding of the relationship between emotional states and the functioning of the immunologic system. This study further illustrates the need to identify and control for the effects of stress in animal studies of immunopathology. Finally, the therapeutic implications of this study for autoimmune diseases would appear self-evident (Fig. 7).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pedophilia occurring after onset of cognitive impairment.

Four married patients are reported who first manifested pedophilia and other signs of disinhibition after sustaining illnesses that led to cognitive impairments. Although pedophilia may often be related to a long-standing inadequacy of sexual functioning, the onset of pedophilia in an individual without a previous histroy of sexual perversion may indicate the presence of recently sustained cognitive impairments.

Adult↗