Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Ray

Publications and source records attributed to P Ray.

249 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Etiology of intellectual impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The precise etiology of intellectual impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is unknown. Histopathologic and computed tomographic studies have revealed structural brain changes; however, to our knowledge, no cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been performed on DMD patients to further delineate these structural changes. We prospectively studied 4 DMD patients by cranial MRI, DNA deletion analysis, clinical evaluation, and intelligence testing. There was no significant correlation between verbal intelligence scores and MRI findings, DNA deletion, or the clinical severity of the disease. These first MRI studies of DMD did not reveal any significant anatomic brain alteration, other than mild atrophy in 2 patients. We believe these results must be considered when investigating the etiology of intellectual impairment in DMD in future studies with larger patient samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a novel ice-cooling technique on work in protective clothing at 28 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 18 degrees C WBGTs.

This study tested a new ice cooling system that permits ice cooling system recharge without personal protective clothing removal. Six male volunteers (22.1 +/- 1.2 years) underwent tests with the new ice cooling system (COOL) and without (NOCL) at a moderate work rate (450 W) in three environments of 28, 23, and 18 +/- 1 degrees C wet bulb globe temperature. Walks at 28 degrees C were carried out first with NOCL and COOL counterbalanced, then test order and environment were counterbalanced. At 28 degrees C, mean work time in COOL significantly increased by 37.5 min (188%) over NOCL (p < 0.05). At 23 degrees C mean work time in COOL was significantly increased by 44.3 min (171%) compared with NOCL (p < 0.05). Mean work times at 18 degrees C were not significantly different, although all subjects completed the 120 minutes of work in COOL compared with a mean work time of 109 +/- 20 min for NOCL. During rest, mean reductions in rectal temperature were significantly greater in COOL than NOCL (p < 0.05) at 28 and 23 degrees C. Mean heart rate calculated for the same point in both treatments was significantly lower for COOL at 28, 23, and 18 degrees C (p < 0.05). Thermal comfort rating was significantly different at 18 and 23 degrees C (p < 0.05). This new design seemed to provide comparable cooling to conventional vests and also provides greater practicality for field use. Even in experimental form the suit demonstrated increased productivity due to extended tolerance time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyproterone acetate: I. Microquantity releasing device of cyproterone acetate and its failure in inducing functional sterility in male rats.

Prasad and his coworkers emphasized that microquantities of cyproterone acetate (CPA) when continuously available developed functional sterility in male rats by interfering the epididymal physiology. In our experimental rats either 2 or 3 capsules containing CPA as per the specification of Prasad were implanted subcutaneously and left for 300 and 250 days, respectively. Fertility test was made every month and it was observed that all the experimental animals were able to impregnate female rats throughout the experiment. Excepting the epididymis the weight of testes and other accessory glands did not differ from the controls in the animals which had 2 CPA capsules for 300 days; On the other hand, the animals which received 3 CPA capsules for 250 days showed significant reduction in weight of all the acessory glands including the testes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dystrophin analysis in the diagnosis of childhood muscular dystrophy: an immunohistochemical study of 75 cases.

Seventy-five consecutive pediatric muscular dystrophy (MD) cases were analyzed by dystrophin immunohistochemistry (75/75), Western blot analysis (26/75), DNA analysis (30/75), and immune electron microscopy (8/75). The patients included 64 males and 11 females and the clinical diagnoses were Duchenne MD (DMD) (41), Becker MD (BMD) (8), intermediate/outlier MD (4), female DMD (3), limb girdle or Becker (1), congenital MD (CMD) (10), Fukuyama CMD (1), facioscapulohumeral MD (FSH) (3), limb girdle MD (2), and other uncharacterized dystrophies (2). Dystrophin analysis was performed on all cases using the N- and C-terminal antidystrophin antibodies. Dystrophin analysis helped to exclude an Xp21 dystrophy in four patients. Except for two patients who showed normal staining with the N-terminal and abnormal staining with the C-terminal antibody, all DMD cases showed absent staining except for the immunoreactive revertant fibers, which were generally under 5%. A variety of staining patterns was seen in BMD, ranging from normal to abnormal (variable intensity of staining, partially stained/unstained fibers). Abnormalities were observed with the C-terminal antibody in one case of CMD and Fukuyama CMD, and normal staining was present in the other dystrophies. Immune electron microscopy confirmed absence of staining in DMD and normal membrane staining in other dystrophies. Our study underscores the importance of using antibodies with specificities to different regions of the dystrophin molecule for accurate diagnosis. As abnormal staining may be encountered in non-Xp21 dystrophies such as CMD, dystrophin staining should not be used in isolation to make a diagnosis of a dystrophinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potency preservation following conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: impact of neoadjuvant androgen blockade, treatment technique, and patient-related factors.

PURPOSE: Impotence is a familiar sequela of both definitive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Among surgical options, nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP) offers the highest potency preservation rate of 70%. We report the change in potency over time in an EBRT-treated population, determine the significantly predisposing health and treatment factors affecting post-EBRT potency, and compare age- and stage-matched potency rates with those of NSRP-treated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our results are from a retrospective study of 287 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in clinical stages A to C and treated with conformal techniques to 6200 to 7380 cGy. Information regarding preradiotherapy potency, medical and surgical history, neoadjuvant antiandrogen use, and post-EBRT potency was documented for each patient. The median follow-up time was 34 months. RESULTS: At months 1, 20, 40, and 60, actuarial potency rates were 96%, 75%, 59%, and 53%, respectively. Factors identified as significant predictors of post-EBRT impotence include pre-EBRT partial potency, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and anti-androgen medication usage. Among treatment factors, a trend toward potency preservation was noted for the six-field versus the four-field technique. Finally, age- and stage-matched comparisons of potency rates for our population and NSRP-treated patients were performed. For patients older than 70 years, 60.9% of EBRT patients and 32.9% of NSRP patients remained potent after treatment. Overall, EBRT patient potency preservation was 71.3%, versus 66.2% for NSRP patients. DISCUSSION: Pre-EBRT partial potency, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and anti-androgen medication usage are significant predispositions to impotence in EBRT-treated prostate cancer patients. In comparing EBRT with NSRP for various age and stage groups, EBRT offers notably higher potency preservation rates than NSRP for patients older than 70 years.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux oesophagitis.

In this prospective study 30 patients of reflux esophagitis were studied to detect if there was any association between presence of esophagitis and H. pylori infection. 30 patients of non-ulcer dyspepsia acted as controls. In both the groups esophageal and antral biopsies were studied for the presence of H. pylori infection. None of the esophageal biopsies showed H. pylori infection in either group. H. pylori positivity was similar in the antrum of the patients with esophagitis (20 out of 30) and non ulcer dyspepsia (19 out of 30) (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between presence of H. pylori infection in antrum and severity of esophagitis (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study has shown that H. pylori did not colonise esophagus in patients of esophagitis or patients of non-ulcer dyspepsia. There was no significant association between H. pylori colonization in the antrum and esophagitis and the grade of esophagitis with H. pylori infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in paediatric diarrhoea.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are known to cause infantile enteritis. We studied the prevalence of EPEC in paediatric patients with acute and persistent diarrhoea. A total of 56 stool samples from paediatric patients were studied. There were 28 significant bacterial isolates. Of these 21 were untypable E. coli, 5 were typable E. coli, four of which belonged to members considered to be enteropathogenic. Non E. coli isolates grown in pure culture were one each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundi. The study reveals the definitive role of EPEC in childhood diarrhoea at all age groups and emphasizes the need for characterisation of all significant E. coli isolates in this age group.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pleural involvement by Salmonella senftenberg: a report of two cases.

Non-typhoidal serovars of salmonella are an unusual cause of pleuropulmonary infections. We report two patients with empyema caused by Salmonella senftenberg. One patient had associated diabetes and gall bladder carcinoma, and infection was acquired in hospital. Both patients responded well to parenteral antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic smokers with non ulcer dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both H. pylori infection and smoking are risk factors for acid peptic disorders. There is paucity of data on relationship between smoking and H. pylori infection. Therefore, we studied prevalence of H. pylori infection in smokers with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 30 smokers with NUD (age 29.5 +/- 1.2 years; all men) and 30 non-smokers with NUD (age 29.2 +/- 1.6 years; all men) were included. None was on antiulcer drugs or antibiotics for more than 2 weeks. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and antral biopsies obtained were subjected to rapid urease test, Gram's staining, culture and histopathology. Patient was considered H. pylori positive, if culture was positive or combination of histopathology plus rapid urease test or Gram's staining plus rapid urease test was positive. RESULTS: 24 of 30 (80%) smokers and 13 of 30 (43%) non smokers were positive for H. pylori infection (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the positivity of H. pylori in light (78%), moderate (81%) and heavy smokers (80%). All the 37 patients who were positive for H. pylori had histological gastritis compared to 65% in H. pylori negative patients. However there was no difference in presence of histological gastritis among H. pylori negative smokers (33%) and non smokers (70%; p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection is more common in smokers with NUD than in non-smokers. However duration and amount of smoking has no relationship with H. pylori positivity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on gastric antrum histology.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of gastritis. Some of the histological changes revert after eradication of H. pylori. There is paucity of reports from India. AIM: To study the effect of H. pylori eradication on the histopathological changes. METHODS: Endoscopically obtained antral biopsies from 164 consecutive H. pylori positive cases of dyspepsia were analysed before and 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS: Treatment for H. pylori resulted in eradication of the organism as confirmed histologically in 123 out of 164 (76.22%) cases. Analysis of histopathological changes in pre and post treatment biopsies from the same patient revealed a significant reduction in neutrophils, eosinophils, chronic inflammatory cells, acute epithelial changes and regenerative foveolar hyperplasia (p < 0.001) There was no difference in these findings in cases where H. pylori eradication failed when compared with their pre-treatment biopsies (p > 0.05). Similarly the pre and post treatment biopsies revealed, no difference in frequency of intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy in cases where H. pylori was eradicated or persisted after treatment. CONCLUSION: There was significant reduction in neutrophils, eosinophils, chronic inflammatory cells, acute epithelial changes and regenerative foveolar hyperplasia, following eradication of H. pylori.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori in Indian HIV infected patients.

Helicobacter pylori is a causative organism for chronic gastritis and associated with peptic ulcer disease. Infection may be asymptomatic as well. Human immuno-deficiency virus infection predisposes to a multitude of opportunistic infections, many of them resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms. We studied the prevalence of H pylori co-infection with HIV and its correlation with gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV infected patients. Seventy-three consecutive HIV infected patients presenting to the medical out patient department of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India, were included in the study. Antibodies (IgG) to H pylori were tested by ELISA. There were 43 males, 30 females; mean age 26.1 +/- 4.7 years. Risk factors for acquiring HIV infection was predominantly heterosexual exposure. Eleven patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Thirty-five of the 73 (47.9%) patients had serological evidence of H pylori infection. Six of them had gastrointestinal symptoms. These were odynophagia in 5, dyspepsia in 4 and recent diarrhoea in 2. Twenty-four patients with H pylori infection had AIDS. There was no difference in the prevalence of H pylori infection between patients with and without AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and patterns of condom use among patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prevalence and patterns of condom use among patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, who are at increased risk of developing STDs. Interviews of 800 patients attending a Baltimore STD clinic were conducted. The prevalence of condom use was dependent on the measure of use employed. For example, 9 out of 10 patients reported ever having used condoms, slightly less than one-third of the patients reported having used condoms in the past 30 days, and only 17% of the patients reported using a condom at last sex. Use also varied somewhat by type of sexual partner, and within any given relationship, from first to last sexual encounter. The most significant factor corresponding to condom use in the 30 days prior to the interview was number of sexual partners (lifetime and in the last month). Multivariate analyses revealed number of lifetime partners to be the most significant predictor of condom use for men, whereas age was the most significant variable for women. These findings suggest that interventions should focus not only on the individual, but the couple.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal limits of 14C-urea breath test.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: 14C-urea breath test has been widely used for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. There is no general agreement on the cutoff values for determination of H. pylori negative subjects. We studied baseline values in subjects who were proved to be H. pylori negative and calculated the cutoff value of normalcy. A comparison of this test with other tests for diagnosis of H. pylori infection was also done. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 12 patients (mean age 34 +/- 14, range 22-65 years; 8 men) of non-ulcer dyspepsia were studied, who were proved to be H. pylori negative by rapid urease test, Gram's staining, histopathology and culture of gastric mucosal biopsies obtained four each from the antrum, body and fundus of the stomach. The controls included 12 patients (mean age 40 +/- 13, range 22-65 years, 9 men), who were positive for H. pylori on culture or combination of rapid urease test and histopathology or rapid urease test and Gram's stain. 14C-urea breath test was performed using 5 uCi of 14C-urea dissolved in 300 ml of water. Breath samples were collected once before ingestion of 14C urea and subsequently at 5, 15 and 30 minutes after ingestion and 14C-contents in the breath samples measured. Results were expressed as 14 CO2/mmol CO2 exhaled as percent of administered urea. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD 14-C value in H. pylori negative vs H. pylori positive patients at 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes were found to be 0.003 +/- 0.003 vs 0.064 +/- 0.042 (p < 0.001), 0.002 +/- 0.001 vs 0.056 +/- 0.039 (p < 0.001) and 0.001 +/- 0.002 vs 0.041 +/- 0.026 (p < 0.001) respectively. The mean values of 14C-urea breath test were significantly lower in H. pylori negative patients as compared to H. pylori positive patients. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the data, the cutoff values obtained were 0.01, 0.007 and 0.009 at 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 14C-urea breath test levels at 5, 15 and 30 minutes intervals are significantly lower in H. pylori negative patients as compared to H. pylori positive patients. This test has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting H. pylori infection.

Adult↗