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Biomedical subjects

P Piot

Publications and source records attributed to P Piot.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Typing Haemophilus ducreyi by indirect immunofluorescence assay.

Rabbits were inoculated with untreated whole cells of 16 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi. Homologous titres in an indirect immunofluorescence test ranged from 1/320 to 1/1280. No cross reactions, or very few, were observed between antisera to these strains and 22 other (possible taxonomically related) species, strains, and genera. A large diversity in types of antigen was observed among the strains of H ducreyi. Antiserum from two antigens (35000 and 3138), however, reacted with all 16 H ducreyi antigens tested. At least nine of the strains of H ducreyi examined could be identified as determining the type of antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adhesion of Gardnerella vaginalis to vaginal epithelial cells: variables affecting adhesion and inhibition by metronidazole.

Variables affecting the adherence of Gardnerella vaginalis to human vaginal epithelial cells were examined in vitro. Adherence depended on pH, with maximum attachment occurring between pH 5 and pH 6. Preincubation of the bacteria at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a noticeable decrease in adherence. In contrast, adherence was not altered by preincubating the epithelial cells under these conditions. Periodate oxidation of the vaginal cells caused an appreciable reduction in subsequent adherence of G vaginalis. None of the 19 single carbohydrates tested inhibited adherence completely. Metronidazole at subinhibitory concentrations for G vaginalis, appreciably reduced the adhesive capacity of G vaginalis, whereas subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin did not.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

In vitro activity of temocillin against clinical isolates.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of temocillin against more than 1000 clinical isolates were determined by an agar dilution method. Temocillin showed excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae, pathogenic Neisseria species and Branhamella catarrhalis, including beta-lactamase producing strains, but showed very low activity or was inactive against Gram-positive cocci and Campylobacter, Bacteroides, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species. Good activity was obtained against 702 Enterobacteriaceae, including isolates resistant to the other penicillins and first- and second-generation cephalosporins, with 92% of all the strains inhibited at a concentration of 8 mg/L. However, the most striking property of temocillin was its high beta-lactamase stability which resulted in both a very narrow range of MICs within which all the isolates were inhibited, and a small influence of inoculum size on the MICs.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Urethritis in men in Belgium. Results of registration by a network of general practitioners].

Through a network of 100 general practitioners, all cases of gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis in males were registered over a period of one year. This study permitted us to estimate the annual number of cases in the whole country at 25,375 cases which is 66.8 cases per 10,000 males aged 15 years and over. The highest incidence was observed between 25 and 34 years of age and among bachelors. In more than 70% of cases, the contact could be traced. The most frequently identified contacts were casual partners and prostitutes, totalling 61.4% of known contacts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Single-dose kanamycin therapy of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.

117 infants with gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, including 27 with infections due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were treated as outpatients with five different regimens of single-dose intramuscular kanamycin (75 mg or 150 mg) with saline eye washes, gentamicin eye ointment, or chloramphenicol eye drops. There were no treatment failures among 68 patients treated with 75 mg or 150 mg kanamycin and gentamicin eye ointment (for 3 days). However, the minimum and maximum cumulative probabilities of cure of single-dose kanamycin with saline eye washes (for 3 days) were only 60% and 89%. 1 patient of 15 treated with 150 mg kanamycin plus chloramphenicol eye drops did not respond to treatment. Postgonococcal conjunctivitis developed in 14 (12%) infants, of whom 13 had positive cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis. Nasopharyngeal infection with N gonorrhoeae was eradicated in 9 of 11 infants colonised.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a heterosexual population in Zaire.

38 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were identified in Kinshasa, Zaire, during a 3 week period in 1983. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The annual case rate for Kinshasa was estimated to be at least 17 per 100 000. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 32 (84%) patients, disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with opportunistic infection in 5 (13%), and disseminated KS alone in 1 patient. Immunological characteristics of these patients were as reported for cases in the USA and Europe, but immunological abnormalities were also found in 6 controls with infectious diseases but no symptoms of AIDS. Female AIDS cases were younger than male patients with AIDS (mean ages 28.4 vs 41.1 years, respectively), and were more often single (14/18 vs 2/20). Homosexuality, intravenous drug abuse, and blood transfusion did not appear to be risk factors in these patients. The findings of this study strongly argue that the situation in central Africa represents a new epidemiological setting for this worldwide disease--that of significant transmission in a large heterosexual population. Two instances of clusters of AIDS (not included in the above series) involving males and females with frequent heterosexual contact further implicate heterosexual transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Fatty acid, polar lipid and wall amino acid composition of Gardnerella vaginalis.

Representative strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were degraded using both an alkaline and an acid methanolysis and the fatty acid methyl esters released examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The profiles obtained were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar and were comprised of straight chain saturated and unsaturated non-hydroxylated fatty acids with hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) the major components. All of the strains contained very characteristic polar lipid patterns consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, five partially identified glycolipids and an uncharacterised phospholipid. Analyses of wall amino acid preparations using gas chromatography showed that Gardnerella vaginalis strains contain major amounts of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. The chemical data support the integrity of the genus Gardnerella.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

In vitro activities of the spectinomycin analog U-63366 and four quinolone derivatives against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The in vitro activities of the new spectinomycin analog U-63366 and four new quinolone derivatives, rosoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were compared with those of penicillin, tetracycline, thiamphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin against 222 beta-lactamase-negative and 25 beta-lactamase-positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. U-63366 was more active than spectinomycin, inhibiting 90% of the strains at a concentration of 2 mg/liter. Among the quinolone derivatives, ciprofloxacin was the most active compound in vitro (90% MIC, 0.002 mg/liter), followed by ofloxacin (90% MIC, 0.008 mg/liter), norfloxacin (90% MIC, 0.015 mg/liter), and rosoxacin (90% MIC, 0.03 mg/liter).

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1984

Halophilic Vibrio species from seafish in Senegal.

Sucrose-positive and sucrose-negative halophilic Vibrio species at counts of up to 10(7)/100 g were isolated from muscles tissue in 27 and 43%, respectively, of 128 seafish from coastal waters in Senegal. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, including 21% urease-positive strains, was the most common isolate, followed by Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio damsela, and Vibrio fluvialis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis.

A simple and reproducible scheme for identifying biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed, based on reactions for lipase, hippurate hydrolysis, and beta-galactosidase. Among a total of 359 strains tested, eight biotypes were observed, the most common ones being types 1 (beta-galactosidase positive, lipase positive, hippurate positive), 2 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase positive, hippurate positive), and 5 (beta-galactosidase negative, lipase negative, hippurate positive). The distribution in biotypes was similar among isolates from Antwerp, Seattle, and Nairobi. There were no differences in biotypes between strains isolated from patients with and without bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis). Up to 14% of women with bacterial vaginosis harbored at least two different biotypes of G. vaginalis in the vagina. G. vaginalis strains isolated before and after treatment for bacterial vaginosis belonged to identical biotypes when the time interval between two specimens was less than 1 week. Similarly, G. vaginalis isolates from the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis and from the urethras of their male sex partners belonged to identical biotypes when strains were isolated within the same 24-h period from both partners (P less than 0.005).

Female↗
PubMed1984

Syphilis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men in Antwerp.

In a homosexual communication centre in Antwerp 196 homosexual men were screened for seromarkers of syphilis, hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). A comparison group consisted of 118 heterosexual men attending a venereal disease clinic in Antwerp. Treponemal antibodies were found in 7.1% of homosexual men, of whom half gave no history of past or present infection. Anti HAV was present in 43.3%, HBV seromarkers in 34.4%, and CMV antibodies in 71.2% of homosexual men. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in eight homosexual men, but not in the heterosexual control group. Prevalence rates of infections other than HAV were significantly higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual men. Answers to a questionnaire were used to evaluate risk factors for different diseases, which were: duration of active homosexuality for all infections, promiscuity (greater than or equal to 10 partners in the past six months) for syphilis and hepatitis B, and anal intercourse for hepatitis B. Visiting saunas and travelling for sexual contacts also indicated a higher risk for STD, but were an indirect expression of promiscuity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of gonorrhoea in males in the Central African Republic with spectinomycin and procaine penicillin.

Gonorrhoea has become a problem in most parts of the world, and valid recommendations for treatment are important for control of the disease. In this study in Bangui, Central African Republic, 460 male patients with gonorrhoea were randomly assigned to treatment with either 4.0 x 10(6) units of procaine penicillin plus 1 g of probenecid, or 2 g of spectinomycin. Of these patients, 91% returned for follow-up; the failure rate was 4.8% with the penicillin schedule and 6.2% with spectinomycin (difference not statistically significant). Concomitant Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found in 5% of patients, and almost all of this group developed postgonococcal urethritis.Of the 460 patients, 7 (1.5%) were infected with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. Penicillin treatment failed in these cases, while spectinomycin was highly efficacious. The failure rate for penicillin was considerably higher in infections with strains that were less sensitive to penicillin in vitro. The failure rate for spectinomycin treatment was higher in patients who were infected with a strain that was highly sensitive to penicillin.It is concluded that, once PPNG strains have been found in a country, treatment of gonorrhoea should be based on an antibiotic that cures PPNG infections. Tetracycline can be used as second-line treatment, since it will also cure C. trachomatis infection, which is much less frequently associated with gonorrhoea in Africa than in industrial countries.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Bacterial vaginosis. An evaluation of treatment.

Various treatment regimens for bacterial vaginosis are reviewed. Orally administered metronidazole and tinidazole have been consistently successful, whereas widely variable results have been published from use of peroral ampicillin or tetracycline and from locally applied sulphonamide cream. The rationale for different treatments is discussed, with particular regard to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

A placebo-controlled, double-blind comparison of tinidazole and triple sulfonamide cream for the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis.

Oral tinidazole, 500 mg twice daily for 5 days, was compared to triple sulfonamide cream inserted into the vagina twice daily for 7 days for the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. At 1 and 3 weeks after treatment, 29 of 30 and 18 of 19 patients, respectively, who had been given tinidazole were cured, as compared to 16 of 27 and 6 of 14 patients, respectively, who had been given oral placebo together with a vaginal cream with or without sulfonamides (p less than 0.01 and p = 0.0015, respectively). At 3 weeks, five of nine women who had received vaginal sulfonamide cream and oral placebo had persistent nonspecific vaginitis, thus suggesting that it was not more effective than a vaginal placebo cream. Untreated nonspecific vaginitis and persistence of this syndrome were significantly associated with Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic gram-negative rods, clue cells, a vaginal pH of greater than or equal to 5.0, a succinate/lactate peak heights ratio of greater than or equal to 0.3, and the absence of lactobacilli on a vaginal smear.

Administration, Oral↗