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Biomedical subjects

P Piot

Publications and source records attributed to P Piot.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of the two new 4-quinolones A56619 and A56620 against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis.

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and two recently developed 1-aryl-fluoroquinolones, A56610 and A56620, was tested against 65 beta-lactamase-negative and 35 beta-lactamase-positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, 12 Chlamydia trachomatis, 50 Mycoplasma hominis, 28 Ureaplasma urealyticum and 50 Gardnerella vaginalis strains. In the case of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis both the MIC and the MBC were determined. The MIC90 of ciprofloxacin for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 0.008 microgram/ml and of A56619 and A56620 less than or equal to 0.03 microgram/ml. No difference was observed between the activity against beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive strains. The MIC90 values of of ciprofloxacin and A56620 for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were identical, the values being 2 micrograms/ml, 1 micrograms/ml and 4 micrograms/ml respectively. The MIC90 of A56619 for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was 0.5 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml respectively. The MBC90 values of the three quinolones for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. The activity of the quinolones against Gardnerella vaginalis was rather low, the MIC90 being greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. It is concluded that A56619 and A56620 might be useful for single-dose therapy of gonococcal infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya: the roles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

Among 149 consecutive infants with ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recovered from 43%, Chlamydia trachomatis from 13%, and both microorganisms from 4%. Three of five isolates of C. trachomatis belonged to trachoma serovars. The sensitivity and specificity of a gram-stained smear for the diagnosis of gonococcal conjunctivitis were 86% and 90%, respectively. Patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis had more purulent discharge, a higher clinical severity score, and a younger age at onset of disease. Corneal epithelial edema with superficial keratitis was present in four (16%) of 25 patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis but in none of 22 other patients (P = .07). N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis was isolated from the pharynx in 11 (15%) and six (23%) cases, respectively. Oropharyngeal gonococcal infection was associated with coughing (P = .007).

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1986

Ulcerative balanoposthitis associated with non-syphilitic spirochaetal infection.

Ulcerative balanoposthitis associated with non-syphilitic spirochaetal infection was found in 41 (12%) of 344 consecutive men with genital ulcer disease in two clinics in South Africa. All patients with non-syphilitic spirochaetal infection were uncircumcised. Non-syphilitic treponemes were seen in only two of 60 uncircumcised men who had urethritis without genital ulceration. In 14 patients with ulcerative balanoposthitis no cause of genital ulceration could be identified. Most patients presented with large, serpiginous, superficial, foul smelling, and tender ulcers, the base of which was purulent with undermined edges. Non-tender inguinal lymphadenopathy was present in seven of 14 patients. One female sexual partner of a patient with non-syphilitic spirochaetal infection had a vaginal infection with non-syphilitic spirochaetes.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Three day oral course of Augmentin to treat chancroid.

Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin; Beecham Research Laboratories) was used to treat patients with bacteriologically proved chancroid in three different dose regimens. A single dose of Augmentin (amoxycillin 3 g, clavulanic acid 350 mg) was found to be ineffective. A similar dose repeated after 24 hours was equally ineffective, but a dose (amoxycillin 500 mg, clavulanic acid 250 mg) given every 8 hours for three days was found to be effective. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were noted in any of the patients treated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Rwanda.

The in vitro sensitivity of 104 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to six antimicrobial agents was tested. More than 50% of the isolates produced penicillinase. Of those that did not produce penicillinase, 26% were resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/l), and 68% showed a decreased sensitivity for penicillin G (0.06 less than or equal to MIC less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l). Twenty six per cent and 50% of the strains, respectively, showed a decreased sensitivity to thiamphenicol (MIC greater than or equal to 1 mg/l) and tetracycline (MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/l). All isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin, kanamycin, and norfloxacin. Of 20 penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolates examined, seven contained the 3.4 megadalton R-plasmid, another seven contained both the 3.4 megadalton and 22.5 megadalton plasmids, five the 4.3 megadalton and 22.5 megadalton plasmids, and one isolate harboured both the 3.4 and 4.3 R-plasmids, together with the 22.5 megadalton plasmid. A disturbing increase in resistance to penicillin has been observed since the publication of earlier surveys, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in pediatric patients 2 to 14 years of age at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire.

Seroprevalence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was determined among 368 children 2 to 14 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric service at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Forty (11%) of these patients and only one (1%) of 92 healthy siblings of these patients were HIV seropositive (chi 2 = 8.68, P less than .01). Seropositivity was associated with previous hospitalization, receipt of a blood transfusion prior to the current hospitalization (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 6.4), receipt of medical injections during the past year, and smaller household size. Clinically, HIV seropositivity was associated with the diagnoses of malnutrition and pneumonia. A higher proportion of seropositive children died during the current hospitalization (4/40 v 10/328); when patients with malaria were excluded, the in-hospital mortality of seropositive children was more than eight times higher than that of seronegative children (Fisher exact test, P = .006). Clarification of clinical, immunologic, and epidemiologic features of childhood HIV infection is urgently required because HIV appears to account for or complicate a substantial proportion of pediatric hospitalizations in Kinshasa.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Genomic heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from North America and Zaire.

In an analysis of the genomic variation of AIDS retroviral isolates from patients living in New York, Alabama, and Zaire, restriction maps were constructed by using seven enzymes, each known to cleave the proviral DNA more than once, in conjunction with Southern blot analysis. The maps of LAV, HTLV-III, and ARV-2 as deduced from their published nucleotide sequences were included in this analysis. The results demonstrated that (i) several "signature" restriction sites were common to all isolates; (ii) with the exception of LAV and HTLV-III, the North American and European isolates were all different from one another and showed no geographical specificity; (iii) the African isolates as a group were more diverse than those from North America and Europe; and (iv) the genomic variability was concentrated within the env gene.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Endemic African Kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with immunodeficiency.

Twenty-seven histologically confirmed Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients resident in the Kivu Lake area of eastern Zaire were examined for immune competence. Only KS cases of the endemic African type have been observed in this high-incidence area. The median duration of the symptoms was 6 years and ranged from 1 to 38 years. Forty-one controls matched for age, sex and tribe and unrelated to the KS patients were selected from the community. Thirteen additional controls were first-degree relatives of the KS patients. No evidence of immune suppression among KS patients was found and there were no significant differences in the immune status between KS patients and controls. Total lymphocytes, B and T cells, and OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells varied within the normal range. Grouping of the KS patients in categories according to duration and disease extent did not reveal significant differences in their immune status. The number of KS patients reacting positively in a skin test to 5 recall antigens and I mitogen was similar to that of controls, except in the case of candidin, to which a higher number of KS patients were negative. The serum levels of immunoglobulins, complement factors and circulating immune complexes were comparable in KS patients and controls. Indicators of inflammatory processes [white blood cells (WBC), complement-reactive protein (CRP)] were positive in 27% of the KS patients. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis were similar in KS patients and in controls.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Fatal meningitis due to multi-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b.

We report the case of a 3-month-old boy suffering from an acute bacterial meningitis due to a multi-resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Also presented is our current strategy of treatment and chemoprophylaxis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Genital infections in women undergoing therapeutic abortion.

We studied the prevalence of genital infections and the frequency of infectious complications in 170 women who requested an abortion in Antwerp, Belgium, where termination of pregnancy is still illegal. Chlamydia were isolated in 12% of these women, compared to a 0.6% isolation rate for N. gonorrhoeae. After the abortion 5.5% developed PID and 3% endometritis. There was a strong correlation between an infection with C. trachomatis before abortion and the appearance of infectious complications after the aspiration curettage. No such relationship was found with any other micro-organism. Depending on the prevalence of C. trachomatis in a given population, screening followed by selective treatment or prophylactic use of antimicrobial medication for all women is indicated to prevent post-abortum infections.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1985

In-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin.

The in-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin, was tested against common clinical isolates, and compared with the in-vitro activity of cefaclor, cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Its activity against Enterobacteriaceae was better than those of the other antibiotics tested. It was also highly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase producing strains. Its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., was poor. Ro-15-8074 was less active against staphylococci and group D streptococci than were cefaclor, cefadroxil and ampicillin. It was equally or less active than cefaclor, cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole against other streptococci.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients with ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, auxotyping-serotyping, and plasmid analysis were performed on 41 ocular isolates, 7 nasopharyngeal isolates, and 18 cervical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained during a recent treatment trial of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya. Fourteen distinct serovar-auxotype patterns were observed with IB-1/Pro-strains which accounted for 59% of the isolates. Infection with multiple types of gonococci appeared to occur in 22% of the mothers since 4 of 18 paired maternal cervical and neonatal ocular isolates had mismatched serovar-auxotype patterns. Among 10 treatment failure isolates only 1 had a mismatched serovar-auxotype pattern. Six (15%) of the ocular isolates were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Five had the 4.4-megadalton (Md) beta-lactamase plasmid and one had the 3.2-Md beta-lactamase plasmid. The 24.5-Md plasmid was found in 5 of 6 PPNG strains and in 8 of 35 non-PPNG strains (P less than 0.02). For most antimicrobial agents, PPNG and non-PPNG strains showed similar patterns of susceptibility. Ceftriaxone was the most active of the antibiotics tested, with all strains having an MIC less than or equal to 0.06 mg/liter. Among non-PPNG strains, 15 (43%) had a penicillin MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/liter and were considered intrinsically resistant to penicillin. Overall, non-PPNG intrinsically resistant strains had greater resistance to other antibiotics than did non-intrinsically resistant strains (P less than or equal to 0.006). The Mtr phenotype was found in 53% of these strains.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1985

Antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Thailand.

One hundred strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Thailand from patients with chancroid were tested by the agar dilution method against 10 antimicrobial agents and typed by outer membrane protein pattern by using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. All strains produced beta-lactamase and were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and sulfonamides. Most had a decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim (MIC for 50% of the strains [MIC50], 0.5 micrograms/ml) and chloramphenicol (MIC50, 8 micrograms/ml). Strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 0.001 micrograms/ml), ceftriaxone (MIC50, 0.0015 micrograms/ml), erythromycin (MIC50, 0.015 micrograms/ml), rosoxacin (MIC50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and spectinomycin (MIC50, 8 micrograms/ml). The degree of antimicrobial resistance found in Thailand is higher than that reported for H. ducreyi isolated in other regions. Five different outer membrane protein patterns were found by analyzing proteins in the range of 29 to 61 kilodaltons, but 98% of the Thai strains fell into three patterns which did not differ greatly. Outer membrane protein patterns of Thai strains were also seen in strains from other geographic areas. A new outer membrane protein type was found among nine strains isolated in Singapore.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗