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Biomedical subjects

P Pilz

Publications and source records attributed to P Pilz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[1st case of AIDS in Salzburg. Important diagnostic hint by determination of neopterin].

This case report describes the first case of AIDS in Salzburg. The patient belonged to the male homosexual risk group. He presented with opportunistic infections: oral candidiasis, bilateral Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cerebral toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of AIDS was corroborated by highly elevated urinary neopterin levels. Despite treatment with antibiotics the patient died within 5 weeks due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Axonal injury in head injury.

A histological analysis of 324 unselected fatal head injuries disclosed axonal injury in the form of retraction balls in 100 cases: this was severe in 64 and mild in 36. It is suggested that axonal injury exists as a spectrum without there necessarily being selective involvement of the corpus callosum or the rostral brain stem, and that cases with mild axonal injury may be unconscious for only a short time after their injury.

Axons↗
PubMed1983

Survival after ponto-medullary junction trauma.

Four cases with partial avulsions of the ponto-medullary junction resulting from a head injury with survival from 8 to 26 days are reported. Such lesions are not necessarily immediately fatal and they must be looked for specifically postmortem.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Transient global amnesia as a manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis.

A 43-year-old man developed severe global amnesia with uncinate fits and a single generalised convulsion 10 days after a febrile infection. CSF pleocytosis and serological findings indicated an acute Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. All of the symptoms cleared within 2 weeks except for occasional generalised seizures. This seems to be the first observation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis presenting predominantly as transient global amnesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Idiopathic medial necrosis of intracranial and cervical arteries. A report of 3 cases].

Two cases of stroke and one of subarachnoid haemorrhage are reported in women of child-bearing age, in which histological examination of the cervical and intracranial arteries revealed idiopathic medial necrosis. In the first case there was a dissecting aneurysm of a vertebral artery in the neck, caused by medial necrosis of this vessels. Two further dissecting aneurysms were found of the cervical arteries and partial rupture of the posterior cerebral artery, as well as focal medial degeneration of the aortic arch. In the second case medial necrosis of the internal carotid artery led to partial rupture and thrombotic occlusion of this vessel. In the third case a massive subarachnoid haemorrhage occurred after several years of severe migraine. Histological examination of an "aneurysm" of a vertebral artery revealed complete rupture and focal medial necrosis. The scanty literature on this subject is reviewed and the significance of idiopathic medial necrosis in stroke and unexplained subarachnoid haemorrhage is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Survival after traumatic ponto-medullary tear.

Two children (aged 10 and 12 years) were admitted unconscious to the neurosurgical department after traffic accidents. Both developed a 6th nerve paralysis on the next day. One patient was able to communicate from the 2nd day and died on the 8th day in an anuric state without major neurological deficit. The second patient remained deeply comatose, tetraplegic, and required intermittent artificial respiration: She died of pneumonia on the 26th day. Neuropathological examination revealed a ponto-medullary rent in each case: additionally there was avulsion of small arteries over the pyramids, haemorrhage and small focal infarcts in the distribution of perforating arteries in the medulla and pons, and abundant retraction balls in longitudinal fibre tracts of the brain stem. The cases show for the first time that traumatic ponto-medullary tears are not always rapidly fatal, and demonstrate that primary focal brain stem trauma may occur in the absence of diffuse trauma of the white substance.

Cerebral Arteries↗
PubMed1981

[Herpes zoster oticus -- neuropathologic contribution to the genesis of concomitant facial paralysis (author's transl)].

A woman of 71 years suffered from herpes zoster oticus, 7th and 10th nerve paralysis, vertigo and hearing loss; she died after 5 weeks. Neuropathologic examination revealed intensive inflammation in the pons and medulla oblongata and necrotizing arteritis in the cerebello-pontine angle, predominantly on the clinically affected side. The adjacent facial nerve was severely damaged. For the first time, necrotizing arteritis appears as important cause of facial paralysis in the Ramsey-Hunt syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Thalamic degeneration.

A man of 61 died after an illness of 20 years duration. The clinical picture displayed progressive dementia, loss of memory, apathy, inertia, emotional lability, temporal and local disorientation, visual hallucination and apraxia. Neuropathological findings predominated in the thalamus and displayed extensive nerve cell loss and gliosis in the anterior, medial, and posterior formations, whereas the lateral formations were somewhat better preserved. The lateral amygdala were severely affected. The cortex showed widespread moderate damage in the third or fourth layer which are interpreted as transneuronal degeneration. In addition moderate atrophy of the vestibular nuclei, the inferior olives and the cerebellum was noted. This case seems to be one of the very rare examples of isolated thalamic degeneration according to Martin (1975).

Atrophy↗
PubMed1981

Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids is common to 3 variants of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). "Classical" ALD, atypical ALD (female patient) and adrenomyeloneuropathy.

Fatty acids of cholesterol esters were analyzed by gas chromatography in affected CNS white matter of 3 variants of ALD ("classical" ALD, atypical ALD (adult female) and AMN) and of 10 controls with myelin breakdown of an etiology other than ALD. In all 3 ALD variants a marked accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLFA) as compared to control material was observed. This was due to the accumulation mainly of saturated C24-C32 fatty acids, particularly of C26:0, C25:0 and, to a lesser extent, C24:0 and C27:0 fatty acids. Our results demonstrate for the first time an accumulation of VLFA in an adult female patient (atypical ALD), who probably is an ALD heterozygote rather than a variant of AMN, and confirm and extend earlier findings in classical ALD and AMN, respectively. It appears that ALD may be a single nosological entity with clinically and morphologically different variants sharing specific ultrastructural (accumulation of paired leaflets) and neuro-biochemical (accumulation of VLFA) diagnostic markers.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Tolosa-Hunt-syndrome (author's transl)].

A man 73 years old had during 26 years six episodes of unilateral severe pain in the head and face accompanied by hypaesthesia in the fifth cranial nerve. The episodes lasted several weeks and were three times accompanied by ophthalmoplegia. Between the episodes complete remissions occurred. Extensive examinations including carotid artery angiography and computertomography were negative. The problems of a diagnosis based on negative criteria are emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Thrombophlebitis of internal cerebral veins in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)].

A 28-year-old man suffered from recurrent facial exanthema, arthritis and stomatitis for ten years and died six months after a catatonic episode with terminal cerebral convulsions. Three years before his death high KBR-Antititers to Herpes simplex- and cytomegalic virus were observed, while Lupus-Erythematosus-Tests (LE-Tests) only became positive in the last months. At autopsy, changes compatible with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were found in the mitral valves, the spleen, and the kidneys. The brain displayed hemorrhagic infarction of the striate bodies and thrombophlebitis of the internal cerebral veins, the wall of which exhibited circumscribed infiltrations with numerous hematoxilin bodies and LE cells. This seems to be the first observation of LE-specific changes in the brain. The importance of cerebral vein affection in SLE involving the nervous system is stressed and a hypothesis submitted proposing the viral etiology of SLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Sarcoidosis of the nervous system. Clinical and neuropathological findings in three cases (author's transl)].

Three cases of neurosarcoidosis are reported, which demonstrate almost the complete spectrum of known neurological symptoms in this disease. Furthermore, extensive neuropathological findings are reported in one case. It is emphasized that recognition of neurosarcoidosis presents almost insuperable difficulties in those cases in which sarcoidosis is not obvious in other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating Hodgkin's disease in the adult. Light and electron-microscopic findings (author's transl)].

A male patient with a history of Hodgkin's disease of 11 years duration died at age 41 with signs of progressive cerebral involvement. The blastomatous process had been treated with X-rays, cytostatic agents, and corticosteroids. Autopsy revealed isolated lymphogranulomatous lesions in the chest walls and multiple foci of necrosis in the brain. In the latter, Toxoplasma could be detected by light and electron microscopy. The inflammatory response elicited by the protozoan parasite was strikingly slight. This indicated that the patient had had some immunologic impairment. Pathomorphologic and clinical aspects of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the adult are discussed. It is emphasized that patients suffering from chronic malignant disorders, particularly Hodgkin's disease, are preferentially affected by toxoplasmosis of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Enterogenous cyst of the spinal cord associated with mucomyelia (author's transl)].

A woman of 22 years developed heavy pain in the neck and arms with weakness and paresthesia. She died two days after a myelography which was normal. At autopsy an enterogenous extra- and intra-medullary cyst of the cervical cord (C3, C4) was found. In addition the cervical cord apart from the cyst and the uppermost thoracic cord presented central clefts which were filled with mucilage. These findings are named mucomyelia and have not been reported previously.

Cysts↗
PubMed1977

[Spinocerebellar atrophy and cerebellar calcification in a case of central neurofibromatosis (author's transl)].

A woman of 27 years without any family history developed a progressive spinocerebellar disorder and died 28 years later. The mean neuropathological findings were cerebello-olivary atrophy (late atrophy), degeneration of the dentate nuclei and brachia conjunctiva, degeneration of the pyramidal and psinocerebellar tracts and of the pars reticulata of substantia nigra. Findings according to Hallervorden-Spatz' disease were confined to the globus pallidus. Extensive calcification occurred in the cerebellar cortex and the dentate nuclei. Foci of atypical glia, glial ectopias, subependymal glial modules and focal neuromas were found in the brain. It is suggested that this unique case represents a combination of spinocerebellar degeneration and central neurofibromatosis.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

[Dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery and Guillain-Barré-syndrome during pregnancy (author's transl)].

In the 8th month of her second pregnancy a young woman fell ill with polyradiculitis. She suddenly died because of a massive abdominal hemorrhage, the cause of which remained obscure. Autopsy revealed typical morphological findings of polyradiculoneuritis and a dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery and the recurrent artery of Heubner. The importance of elastic tissue degneration in intracranial dissecting aneurysms is stressed and similar reports in the literature are referred.

Adult↗