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Biomedical subjects

P Perrin

Publications and source records attributed to P Perrin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Screening for prostate cancer. Comparison of transrectal ultrasound, prostate specific antigen and rectal examination.

In seeking to define the relative value of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer, 863 patients were studied and the findings compared. DRE detected malignancy in 0.3% of the population of asymptomatic "normal" men undergoing routine health screening, and in 1.6% of patients who consulted their General Practitioner for one reason or another. In patients who attended our out-patient department with a variety of urological symptoms (not necessarily prostatic), TRUS suggested malignancy in 2% of those glands which were pronounced normal on DRE. Significantly elevated PSA detected malignancy in 0.3% of the patients undergoing routine health screening. (Although this figure equals the pick-up rate by DRE in this group, they were not necessarily the same patients). When these 3 investigations are summated, the pick-up rate is twice as high as when a single parameter is used.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

[Circulating prostatic-specific antigen in benign hypertrophy and localized prostate cancer: can PSA be considered a screening examination for localized cancer?].

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of prostatic pathology. Its usefulness in the early diagnosis of prostatic cancer is controversial. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PSA in a population with prostate diseases. Moreover, we wanted to know if the measure of the prostate volume may increase the sensitivity of the test. In benign prostatic hypertrophy (88 patients), a good correlation exists between circulating PSA and the prostatic volume or the volume of the adenoma. This correlation disappears in the presence of an adenocarcinoma at the profit of the tumor volume (46 patients). Used as a means of screening for cancer, the serum level of PSA with a threshold value of 2.5 ng/ml has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 32%. The sensitivity is 50% and the specificity is 85% at a level of 15 ng/ml. Taken alone, the level of PSA is inadequate for diagnosis: If the lower level is chosen (2.5 ng/ml), the majority of benign prostatic hypertrophies will be the object of a biopsy. If the higher level is chosen (15-23 ng/ml), 50% of localized cancers of the prostate will escape detection. Nevertheless, a level of PSA < 15 ng/ml is an argument for a strong suspicion in favor of an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The capacity of BPH to "secrete" serum PSA is five times greater than that of the normal peripheral prostate, and the capacity of cancer is 20 times greater than that of an adenoma. The individual variability of serum PSA per cubic centimeter of prostatic tissue is too great to allow a precise interpretation as a function of volume.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Heterogeneity of nucleolar distribution in prostatic cancer. Comparison with the cytological grade and DNA content].

Thirty seven prostatic carcinomas at a D2 metastatic stage were studied after transrectal fine-needle aspiration in a prospective multicentric study. The number and the distribution of nucleoli were compared, in each cytological grade, to the flow cytometric nuclear DNA content. In 9 grade I, 13 grade II and 15 grade III the proportion of bimodal DNA profiles was 11%, 30.7% and 66.7%. The total number of nucleoli per 100 nuclei was respectively 114.11 (SD = 8.12), 158.31 (SD = 47.97) and 194.40 (SD = 58.42). A statistically significant difference (t = 2.78; P = 0.009) was found between the total number of nucleoli of unimodal (22 cases) and bimodal DNA profiles (15 cases). However, no significant difference in nucleolar parameters was found between unimodal (14 cases) and bimodal DNA profiles (14 cases) in cytological grades II and III. These results suggest that the nucleolar parameters do not necessarily parallel the increase in the nuclear DNA content, and that the two factors are independent of one another.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[External ear and abnormality of the urinary tract: a comparative study of 2 series (100 and 150 cases)].

Pinnal anomalies were observed in 46% of 150 children with urinary tract malformation. This ear feature was only recorded in 16 cases among 100 control children. The observation of abnormalities of the auricle (flattened structure of the pinna, deformed shape of the helix) should thus prompt to investigate a possible urinary tract malformation (vesico-renal reflux, mega-ureter). The identification of this disorder should occur as early as possible in order to perform corrective surgery before irreversible kidney damage. Any urinary disorder associated to atypical morphology of the external ear should lead to abdominal echography. Urinary infections, sometimes mistaken for upper respiratory tract infections, will sometimes provide a diagnostic lead, confirmed by cyto-bacteriological examination of urine. These observations further confirm the concomitant development of the external ear and urinary tract during embryogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Posture in basketball players.

Static and dynamic posturography was recorded in eleven professional national basketball players (complete team). This sport requires balance and skill and is practiced by tall subjects (average height: 197 cm) with a history of 10 to 15 tibio-tarsal sprains. In static tests, with eyes open or closed, the way was similar between controls and players, while the area was increased for the latter. Area increment could be related to the history of ankle trauma reported by these subjects. In toes up dynamic tests, the latency of the first response (short latency response-myotatic reflex) was shorter in players. Data provided by national charts were used to compare posturography performance and player's skill. The best player who also ranks high in the national chart, has distinctive results in static posturography, with almost no difference when the test is performed with closed eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of tumor DNA by flow cytometry on prostate cyto-aspiration product. Value of routine cytologic evaluation].

In this prospective study, flow cytometry DNA profile of 169 stage D2 prostatic carcinomas were compared with conventional cytologic data. Two transrectal fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed in each patient. Aspirates were immediately fixed in 2% polyethylene glycol 1500* alcoholic solution (Merck). Suspensions were mixed and studied by a conventional cytologic technique (Papanicolaou) and by flow cytometry (propidium iodide stain on isolated nuclei). A highly significant correlation was found between the DNA profile and the cytologic grade (p less than 0.001). The DNA profile was bimodal in 14% (3/21) of aspirates containing benign or atypical cells, 18% (3/17) of grade I aspirates, 30% (13/43) of grade II aspirates and 71% (24/34) of grade III aspirates. Routine cytologic evaluation of cell suspensions evaluated by flow cytometry is important in clinical practice since both falsely unimodal and falsely bimodal profiles occur. Leukocytes or benign epithelial cells can interfere with the tumor cell population. In fine-needle aspirates, the broad range of non-malignant contaminating cells limits the value of immunocytochemistry and emphasizes the usefulness of routine conventional cytologic evaluation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous type of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma in a French West Indian woman. Clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor beta and gamma genes and monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the skin infiltrate.

A 45-year-old woman, a native of the French West Indies who had lived in France since 1973, developed multiple cutaneous plaques and nodules in 1987. Histopathologic studies revealed dermal infiltration with mature activated T cells (CD4+, CD25+, DR+) with nuclear convolutions and epidermatotropisim. High titers of specific human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I antibodies were detected in the serum. Molecular analysis of DNA extracted from the skin tumor biopsy specimen showed a clonal integration of an HTLV-I provirus and a T-cell clonal population as demonstrated by T-cell receptor beta and gamma gene rearrangement studies. Neither HTLV-I provirus nor T-cell receptor rearrangements were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells DNA despite the presence of rare adult T cell leukemia cells (less than 1%) and a small excess of DR-expressing cells, and detection of HTLV-I Pol and Px sequences by in vitro gene amplification. In this case only gene analysis of the skin lesions made possible an early diagnosis of a cutaneous adult T cell leukemia. This illustrates the need for such molecular studies to differentiate, in HTLV-I seropositive patients from endemic areas, a HTLV-I-induced T cell lymphoma from HTLV-I-nonrelated cutaneous T cell lymphomas.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of interleukin-2 activity by liposomes.

The present report demonstrates that liposomes increase the interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line (CTLL) cells used for the measurement of IL-2 activity. This effect was better observed with suboptimal doses of IL-2 and low concentrations of lipids. The increased IL-2 dependent proliferation is not due to a direct effect of liposomes on CTLL cells but rather to an interaction between IL-2 and liposomes. An interaction between IL-2 and components of fetal calf serum is also demonstrated. The results indicate that liposomes may interfere with IL-2 bioassay but also show the possibility of potentiating IL-2 activity for therapeutic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vitro rabies vaccine potency appraisal by ELISA: advantages of the immunocapture method with a neutralizing anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody.

The replacement of the in vivo potency test (NIH test) for rabies vaccine evaluation by in vitro methods is at present discussed in many reports and also by WHO expert working groups. For this purpose, in vitro glycoprotein titration has been proposed. Among the different glycoprotein assays, we have studied two ELISA methods (immunocapture and direct plate coating with the antigen to be tested) using neutralizing mono- and polyclonal antibodies. In our view, the immunocapture method based on the use of a neutralizing monoclonal anti-glycoprotein antibody seems to be a convenient tool for the determination of the in vitro potency of rabies vaccine and of the products corresponding to the different steps of their production process.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

The significance of the prostatic hypoechoic area: results in 226 ultrasonically guided prostatic biopsies.

A total of 666 patients with symptoms of urinary outflow obstruction underwent assessment of the patients 64 had a palpable abnormality suggestive of cancer (stages T1 to T4, or B to C). In the remainder the prostate was either palpably normal, firm or enlarged by benign prostatic hypertrophy. All 64 patients with a palpable abnormality and 162 of 602 with normal rectal examination findings had a hypoechoic area on transrectal ultrasound. Biopsy of the ultrasonic abnormality was done in 148 men by the transperineal route with linear array ultrasound guidance and in 78 by the transrectal route with a mechanical sector scanner in the sagittal plane. Of the 64 patients with a nodular prostate 34 (53%) had cancer (31% of those with stages T1 and 2, 83% with stage T3 and 100% with stage T4 disease). In 14% of the patients with stages T1 and T2 cancer the biopsy showed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Of the 162 patients with a palpably normal prostate who underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy 11 (6.7%) had cancer and 6 (3.7%) had grade 3 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia detected in the biopsy material. Patients with stages T1 to T2 cancer and those with ultrasound-diagnosed impalpable cancer were not significantly different with respect to patient age (67 versus 70 years), cancer size (3.0 +/- 1.6 versus 3.9 +/- 2.5 cm.2) or Gleason score (5.4 +/- 1.2 versus 6.5 +/- 0.9). The results demonstrate that ultrasound guidance improves the yield of prostate needle biopsy. Furthermore, it is suggested that prostate cancer found by ultrasound alone is not different from early palpable disease and should be treated in the same manner.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of human immune responses to purified Vero cell and human diploid cell rabies vaccines by using two different antibody titration methods.

Antibody responses to a conventional rabies preexposure regimen of a new purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) and a human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) were compared in 80 healthy Kenyan veterinary students. Forty-three of the students received the PVRV and 37 received the HDCV on days 0, 7, and 28. Antibody responses were monitored by using the rapid fluorescent-focus inhibition test (RFFIT) and an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (INH EIA) on days 0, 7, 28, and 49. Both vaccines elicited a rapid antibody response. A good correlation between the RFFIT titers and the INH EIA titers was obtained (r = 0.90). Our results also showed that the INH EIA was more reproducible and might therefore be a suitable substitute for the more expensive and less reproducible RFFIT. The geometric mean titers determined by both tests in the two groups of students were statistically similar during the test period. The RFFIT and the INH EIA gave comparable geometric mean titers, which differed significantly only on day 28 in the PVRV group. The effect of the new PVRV is comparable to that of the more expensive HDCV, as determined by the present test systems. The PVRV could therefore be the vaccine of choice, especially in tropical rabies-endemic areas, where the high cost of the HDCV has confined its use to a privileged few.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A case of cicatricial pemphigoid with circulating IgA and IgG antibodies directed against 280 kD, 165 kD and 120-130 kD epidermal antigens.

A case of subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease in an 86-year-old woman is reported. Clinical features were those of a cicatricial pemphigoid, with prominent mucosal involvement leading to conjunctival and nasal scarring. Direct immunofluorescence findings were consistent with either cicatricial pemphigoid or linear IgA dermatosis, since both IgG and IgA linear deposits were found at the basal membrane zone. Immunoelectron microscopy of perilesional skin revealed IgA deposits within the lamina lucida and immunoblotting of the patient's serum disclosed IgA and IgG antibodies directed against epidermal antigens of 280, 165 and 120-130 kD.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The value of cytological grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Comparison of the clinical state, the Gleason score and grade in 69 cases].

During a two-year period, 69 positive prostatic fine-needle cyto-aspirates were selected for a comparison between the cytological grade and the clinical data, and also with the Gleason score and grade obtained with needle-biopsy. The cytological grade is independent of stage, except for grade III that indicates an advanced tumor (T3-T4). On the other hand, the cytological grade provides valuable indications on the histopathological differenciation according to Gleason, with no grade II inferior to Gleason score 5, and no grade III inferior to Gleason 7. 90% of cytological grades III are Gleason grade 4. According to recent studies, we believe that the cytological grade I is related to invasive or in-situ carcinoma, but also to high-grade intra-ductal dysplasia. Thus, it is not surprising to find no correlation between grade I and the clinical status, nor between grade I and the Gleason score and grade, though grade I (or DIC 3) has a good diagnostic value.

Adenocarcinoma↗