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Biomedical subjects

P Pavlica

Publications and source records attributed to P Pavlica.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Angiographic study of the complications of vascular access in patients under hemodialysis].

Periodic hemodialysis requires the vascular access to be capable of functioning perfectly for a long time; therefore early diagnosis of the most common complications is very important. Fifty-four patients in dialysis treatment for end-stage renal failure (ESRF) were examined over a six-year period for vascular access (VA) complications. Eighty vascular accesses were studied: 68 arteriovenous fistulas and 12 arteriovenous grafts. The most frequent radiological investigation was phlebography, followed by arteriography by direct puncture of the humeral artery, and, in few cases only, by arteriography through femoral approach; the total number of radiographic examinations performed was 101. The most frequent complications were thromboses (50%) and stenoses (21%); aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and radial artery steals were observed in 11% of the cases. Findings prove complications to depend neither on the type of VA (fistula, prosthesis) nor on its site (proximal, distal). In 50% of the cases angiography allowed a therapy to be adopted for VA recovery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), performed on 3 patients, failed. Thus, in the authors' opinion, angiography is the method of choice for the evaluation of VA pathology, and surgery is the most efficient treatment for complications. Despite failures, PTA represents a valid alternative in the treatment of stenoses in larger vessels and prostheses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Echostructural polymorphism of prostatic carcinoma. Anatomo-pathologic correlations in various developmental stages].

The sonographic appearance of prostatic carcinoma was correlated with the corresponding histopathologic studies in 57 patients after transperineal biopsy. In 21 cases the lesions observed were less than or equal to 2 cm (circumscribed) and in 36 were greater than 2 cm (diffuse). Within the first group there was a prevalence of hypoechoic forms (61,9%). While isoechoic and hyperechoic foci were observed in 14.3% and 23.8%. In diffuse prostatic carcinoma, mixed echogenicity was observed in 50% of patients, hypoechoic in 27.8% and isoechoic in 22.2%. The variations in the appearance of prostatic cancer indicate that sonographic texture is related to the size and histopathologic features of the neoplastic growth.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of benign ureteral stenoses].

Ten benign ureteral strictures, in nine patients, were dilated with balloon catheter in conjunction with percutaneous nephrostomy. One patient had bilateral stenosis. The strictures followed ureteroileostomy (3 cases), uretero-uretero anastomosis (2 cases), ureteroneocystostomy (1 case), radical hysterectomy with associated ureteral fistula (1 case), post-surgical ureteral fistula (1 case) and benign long-standing stricture of unknown origin (1 case). Nine out of ten strictures were successfully dilated with disappearance of hydronephrosis. One patient underwent surgical correction of the stenosis. Dilation proved to be unsuccessful. The follow-up goes from 2 to 30 months and there is no evidence of obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Percutaneous nephropyelolithotomy].

The fact that one can perform a wide passage through the kidney percutaneously with the subsequent introduction of a 26 F nephroscope has radically changed the technique used to remove kidney stones. They may either be extracted directly with forceps or following ultrasonic lithotripsy. The authors report their experience of 39 cases, in 32 of which the method was successful, 3 complications have been reported. The advantages of this method, both for the patient and for the community, are discussed in comparison to the surgical pielolithotomy. The problems concerning the dose absorbed by the operator are also examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Functional stenosis of the urethra in girls].

The authors studied 24 girls with distal urethral narrowing at voiding cystourethrography. Their observation seem to confirm that the distal urethral stenosis is generally functional, because often an anatomical obstruction can not be detected with the bougie a boule calibration. The urodynamic and urovideocystographic methods of study allow to differentiate three types of functional urethral stenosis that are not detectable with the radiologic examination alone. The physiopathologic mechanism of the obstruction is the condition for a successful pharmacologic treatment of these small girls.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Long-term outcome in nonmassive pulmonary embolism. Radiologic, scintigraphic and functional correlation].

54 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were followed for 3 to 4 years by serial chest radiography (plain film and tomography) to survey the radiographic outcome of complete and incomplete pulmonary infarcts in man. A perfusion lung scan (99Tcm-MAA), arterial blood gas analysis and spirometric data were recorded at similar time intervals to chest films in 30 patients. Our retrospective study showed that the most common long-term residual radiographic findings were linear pulmonary scars and localized pleural thickening. The analysis of the radiographic abnormalities with the lung scan showed a residual perfusion defect in 29% of cases, with complete clearing of the infarct on chest radiography. Long term impairment of pulmonary function, estimated with arterial blood gas analysis and spirometric tests, was never observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Renal scintigraphy versus renal vein renin activity for identifying and treating renovascular hypertension.

This paper compares renal scintigraphy (RS) with renal vein renin activity (RVRA), intravenous pyelography (IVP), and peripheral plasma renin activity (pPRA) in a population of hypertensive subjects with suspect renovascular hypertension (RVH), of whom 30 underwent surgery, in order to evaluate (a) screening ability of RS for RVH, and (b) surgical prognosis of RS for RVH. RS agreed with arteriographic findings of arterial stenosis in 91% of patients and proved more sensitive as a screening test than IVP and pPRA. The false-negative rate of RS was 9% and the false-positive rate was 10%. In the patients who underwent surgery RS was positive in 89% and RVRA in 85% of those who benefited from surgery. In this series false-negatives for RS occurred only in the presence of extensive collateral circulation, where RVRA also gave the same result. In patients who had been operated on, the sensitivity and specificity of RS, compared to RVRA, were very high. Our work supports the view that RS is a good screening test in RVH; moreover, it seems to be as accurate as RVRA as a surgical prognostic method for curable RVH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Septic osteo-arthritis in hemodialyzed patients: an incident not to underestimate (author's transl)].

Three cases of septic osteo-arthritis were seen occuring in patients on dialysis treatment. The sites of involvement included lumbar spine, knee joint, ribs and wrist. The culture of the same microorganisms simultaneously from the arterovenous prothesis, blood and synovial fluid supports the hypothesis that the osteo-arthritis was the result of hematogenous spread of bacteria from the infected focus. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent severe bone and joint damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Acute pneumonias in chronic hemodialysis patients: lung involvement by cytomegalovirus? (author's transl)].

Severe cytomegalic pulmonary infections are very common in immunosuppressed patients. The incidence and the real significance of lung involvement by Cytomegalovirus in chronic hemodialysis patients is not known. A positive serologic response with antibody titers rise was observed in seven cases with chest x-ray findings of alveolar infiltrates; in four patients the lesion presented a cavity. The authors express the opinion that the diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in hemodialysis patients needs further confirmations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[A new rare earth intensifying screen: lanthanum oxybromide (Quanta III - Dupont): relative speed, resolution and image quality (author's transl)].

Some physical and diagnostic characteristics of a new rare earth screen (lanthanum oxybromide: Quanta III) were evaluated and compared to those of conventional calcium tungstate (Hi-Plus-Dupont). The speed, resolution and clinical acceptance were analyzed using the same film (Cronex 4 - Dupont). This new system allows a significant X-ray exposure reduction with little or no loss of overall diagnostic performance.

Calcium↗
PubMed1979

[Radiological study of panarteritis nodosa with renal localization. Considerations on 9 cases].

The pathologic lesions in panarteritis nodosa with renal involvement are of two types: macroscopic and microscopic. The diagnosis of the macroscopic form is made with angiography when it discloses diffuse aneurysms. The angiographic features of the microscopic form are not distinguished from those of other renal parenchymal diseases. Plain films of the abdomen and urography are insufficient for diagnosis but they can be useful in the follow up of the panarteritis nodosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Incidence and evolution of soft tissues calcifications in patients in periodic hemodialysis (author's transl)].

In a series of 92 patients' in hemodialysis the evolution of periarticular and vascular calcifications has been studied. A correlation exists between the incidence of arterial calcifications and the patients' age, while no direct correlation has been proved to exist with the duration of dialysis. In fact their annual average increase (8.4%) is similar to that of periarticular calcifications (12.2%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Temporo-mandibular joint changes in renal osteodystrophy.

The radiologic study of temporo-mandibular joints in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis has led to documentation of osteodystrophic changes in 6 patients: 2 were asymptomatic and 4 had referred to pain. The roentgenologic picture of this unusual abnormally varies from a simple decrease of bone density to resorption of the condylar head.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of ectopic calcification in uremia.

Nine uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis who showed wide arterial and/or stable periarticular calcifications in spite of a well controlled hyperphosphatemia were treated with the diphosphonate disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) in doses of 7.5 to 10 mg/kg of body wt/per day for 5 to 9 months. No clinical or biochemical side-effects were noted. A significant reduction of the extent of periarticular calcifications was observed in five patients: two of them had a complete regression of soft-tissue calcifications, and one patient showed a reduction of arterial calcification. EHDP (7.5 to 10 mg/kg of body wt/per day) induced a significant increase of the osteoid volume and osteoid surface without significant modification of the calcification front. No evident effect on bone resorption and on the mineral content of the radius has been observed.

Adult↗