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Biomedical subjects

P Paoletti

Publications and source records attributed to P Paoletti.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Reference values for vital capacity and flow-volume curves from a general population study.

A longitudinal epidemiological respiratory study has been started in the North of Italy to investigate the natural history of obstructive airways disease and the long-term effect of SO2 exposure. The first cross-sectional study was completed in this unpolluted area before the activation of a thermoelectric power plant (500 tons of SO2 produced daily). Follow-up surveys are planned after pollution emission starts for a period of ten years. A sample (n = 3289) representative of the general population was drawn from the villages of the area according to the different risks of pollution exposure. Subjects completed questionnaires and performed lung function tests, including forced expiratory (FVC) manoeuvres. For 801 'normal' subjects, prediction equations have been derived in age/sex groups for slow vital capacity (VC) and variables from the FVC manoeuvre. Comparisons with predictions of other studies are reported. Differences among FVC predictions were found, indicating that the use of different criteria for determination of the FVC manoeuvre end-point can affect results. In 'normals' VC was higher than FVC in older subjects. The difference between VC and FVC may be hypothesized as an epidemiological indication of the ageing effect on the mechanical properties of the ventilatory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral PICA aneurysm. Case report.

One case of aneurysm of the right distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), arising from the telo-velo tonsillary segment, is reported; the patient, a 73 years-old woman, was successfully treated by clipping procedure. Few similar cases are reported in literature. Among all intracranial aneurysms, PICA aneurysms account for 0.5-0.7%; most of them arise from vertebro-basilar junction, while only 72 distal PICA aneurysms are reported in literature, till now, with complete anatomo-radiological study. We recommend four vessel angiography because these aneurysms are likely to be missed. When determining the surgical approach it is important to know from which segment the aneurysm arises.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CCNU in the chemotherapy of tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

This study concerns 59 patients with primary and metastatic tumors of the CNS. After surgery, each patients followed a therapeutic protocol requiring Radiotherapy (5500 Rads for 6 weeks) and antiblastic monochemotherapy with CCNU (130 MG/M2/D p.o. every 8 weeks). The results were evaluated according to Wilson's (1975) criteria of response to therapy. CCNU significantly improved the survival time in comparison to the data given for conventional treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumors: present status, criticism and potential.

Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy represent the combined therapeutic approach to malignant brain tumors. Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of malignant gliomas to ensure a correct diagnosis and to make room within the confines of the skull. Surgery must provide low mortality, low morbidity and at the same time, the most thorough removal possible of the tumor, while respecting the normal brain tissue surrounding the tumor. However, if treatment is limited to surgery alone, only modest results are obtained. The median survival is, in fact, 17 weeks. Radiotherapy for malignant gliomas has been used for 40 years now, but only recently has it been clearly demonstrated that doses lower than 50 Gy "whole brain" are insufficient, as is localized radiation therapy. The addition of radiotherapy (60 Gy whole brain) increases median survival to 37 weeks. The most promising approach to brain tumor therapy in the last decade is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy must take into account drug delivery problems related to the blood brain barrier, the pharmacodynamics of the brain and the cell kinetics of malignant glioma. Many chemotherapeutic substances have been employed in the treatment of brain tumors, but in particular, the nitrosoureas seem to provide the best results. Infact, the addition of BCNU to surgery and radiotherapy produces a median survival of 51 weeks. The immunotherapy of malignant gliomas has been attempted as active specific and non-specific immunotherapy, adoptive and restorative immunotherapy but, until now, the results have been disappointing. The present situation and the potential of combined therapy in the treatment of brain tumors are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea from an ethmoido-sphenoidal mucocele. Description of a rare clinical case].

The authors give a brief introduction on the subject of mucocele and emphasize the rarity of the ethmoid-sphenoid location (55 cases listed by Lundgren in 1961). The principal clinical features are discussed which are: ocular and periocular and sometimes, occipital pain; ocular symptoms, often bilateral, of compression of the optic nerve and of the 3rd and 4th cranial nerves; and only rarely, slight signs of nasal obstruction or of hypopituitarism. Of the various surgical approaches, the lower trans nasal septum operation seems to be the best choice. A case report of a patient with copious spontaneous rhinorrhea followed by meningitis is reported. The authors note that this symptom, not previously encountered in the literature, permitted a diagnosis to be made before the lesion became bilateral, which prior to this case, had always been observed. The lower trans-septum surgical approach with the aid of a microscope was employed, permitting total removal of the mucocele and tamponage of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea↗