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Biomedical subjects

P Maupas

Publications and source records attributed to P Maupas.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The identification of hepatitis A virus in faeces. Diagnosis and epidemiological value (author's transl)].

During 1976, two hepatitis A epidemics in institutions enabled the authors to study the presence of the virus in the faeces during the course of the disease. After concentration of feacal extracts in polyethyleneglycol 6000, virions were observed by immune electron microscopy. Among 13 stool extracts examined, 11 proved positive. The two negative extracts were samples collected one month after the onset of clinical symptoms and signs. The samples richest in particles were those collected during the preicteric phase of the disease. In those cases in which samples were collected during jaundice, the viral concentration was lower. The limit of detection was a period of five days after the onset of jaundice. Thus, examination for hepatitis A virus in the faeces by electron microscopy may be used to obtain an aetiological diagnosis at the beginning of the disease. In one of the patients, a study of the kinetics of the appearance of antibodies was possible. From the time of onset of jaundice, the presence of specific antibodies was noted, reaching a maximum after two months. In the children's institution, no cases of hepatitis A were seen among those entrants who had received an injection of standard polyvalent gammaglobulin at the time of admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructure of Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophages].

No morphological differences were found among the 10 Listeria phages suspensions examined. The polyhedric head appears to be about 62-66 nm in diameter, the tail devoided of contractile sheath measures 260-280 X 10 nm. The phage adsorption is observed on the cell-wall of Listeria.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1977

[Vaccination against hepatitis B in man].

The preparation of a vaccine against hepatitis B is described. The vaccine is prepared from the HB viral coat (HBs Ag) purified and formalin inactivated. The HBs Ag is isolated and purified from the blood of healthy HBs Ag positive donors by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. The inocuity and efficacy were tested on chimpanzees. Vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and ward staff in a high risk haemodialysis unit. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by humoral and cellular anti-HBs immune reactions. The study of HBs antigenaemia in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects indicate that this vaccine protects against hepatitis B. Many arguments are in favor of aetiological role of the hepatitis B virus in the genesis of primary liver cancer in tropical areas. Immunization against hepatitis B could be the first example of prevention of a potentially oncogenic viral infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunisation against hepatitis B in man.

An inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B was prepared from blood-donor HBs antigen purified on immunoadsorbents. Its safety and efficacy were tested in chimpanzees. Vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and staff in a haemodialysis unit. The efficacy of the vaccine in man was assessed by observing humoral and cellular immune reactions and by comparing changes in HBs antigenaemia in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects. The results indicate that this vaccine protects against hepatitis B in the circumstances in which it was administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Automated complement fixation test for the detection of antibodies against the core of hepatitis B virus (HBc).

The automated complement fixation system presented in this paper differs from those described by Studievic et al. (1971) and Vargues and Henley (1974). In the one developed here only one sampler is used with a wheel presenting a double row of cups. This system can assay 60 samples per h and can be modified to double this number. Our unit requires an incubation period of 15 min at 37 degrees C and we have nerver observed any contamination of the samples during the assay run.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

[Automatic complement fixation reaction applied to the diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)].

Auto-analysis has been adapted to the study of complement fixation on flu antigen-antibody complexes. The antigen used consists of a complete virus of strain A2/AICHI/68/H3N2 (antigen of envelope V). The advantages of this method reside in the reproducibility of the results and in instrumental reading with graphic recording and conservation of a graphical result. The recording of the percentage of hemolysis given by the auto-analyser permits calculation of the rate of the reaction K37 of complement fixation on the formed immune complex. This value is independent of temperature, time of fixation and the initial quantity of complement used. It is proportional to the quantity of specific antibody. Thus, the value of K37 is proposed as mode of expression of the results replacing the limit serum dilution.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1975

Antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma.

Antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) was assayed in the serum of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (P.H.C.) and controls from Hong Kong, West Africa, and the United States. In each region the prevalence of anti-HBc was higher in P.H.C. patients than in controls, ranging from 70 to 95% in the patients and from 20 to 68% in the controls from Asia and Africa; 24% of P.H.C. patients and 4% of controls from the U.S. had anti-HBc. These data support the hypothesis that chronic infection with hepatitis-B virus is aetiologically related to P.H.C., especially in Asia and Africa, although other factors must also be involved.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of hemolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on cell cultures].

Hemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a cytopathic action on blood and tissue culture cells. Lysis and disintegration of the architecture of the cell involving membrane and cytoplasm were demonstrated by morphological changes. The hemolytic activity of hemolysin is inhibited by normal sera and by albumin; inhibition is also observed in the action of hemolysin on K.B. cells, but this inhibition is not complete. The hemolytic and cytopathic actions are explained by assuming that they alter the molecular architecture of the membranes. The variability may relate to the differing availability of reactive sites on the cells, or indicate that the two activities are associated with two different enzymes.

Blood↗
PubMed1973

[Botulism].

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Adolescent↗