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Biomedical subjects

P Martin

Publications and source records attributed to P Martin.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Protein intake and serum albumin levels in the elderly.

Protein intakes, energy intakes and serum albumin levels were measured in a long-stay geriatric unit. There was a significant positive correlation between albumin levels and protein intake in women, but not in men. A positive correlation was found between albumin levels and protein to calorie ratios in both men and women. This suggests that the protein intakes of long-stay geriatric patients may be suboptimal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Paradoxical dynamic interaction of heart period and vagal activity on atrioventricular conduction in the dog.

The dynamic interaction of simultaneously changing heart period and single vagal stimuli on atrioventricular conduction (AV interval) was quantified by subtracting the vagally induced responses of the paced heart preparation from those of the unpaced heart preparation. This difference was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the AV responses to changes in heart period (delta A) alone without vagal stimulation (using the identical delta AA recorded from the unpaced heart in the same preparation, but with a crushed sinoatrial node). That is, for a given increase in AA interval, the AV conduction time was considerably less when the change in AA was associated with increased vagal activity than in the absence of any vagal activity. Data from some dogs in which a complete AV block was produced for both paced and unpaced hearts suggested that one mechanism of the paradoxical response was located in AV nodal tissue. Data from other dogs, in which two surface atrial recording sites were used, indicated that shifts of pacemaker site and atrial activation patterns also are an important mechanism of the paradoxical response. The relative contribution of these two mechanisms is not fixed, but can vary considerably from animal to animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse-T3) and to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in humans.

In order to estimate the relative magnitude of the two alternative pathways of monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4) in adult humans, the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and production rates (PR) of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse-T3,rT3) and of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) were determined in six euthyroid control subjects (C) and in five hypothyroid patients (H) receiving L-T4 as replacement therapy (0.15-0.3 mg/day). MCR was computed by a non-compartmental method of analysis from the plasma disappearance of 125I rT3 and 131I T3 during 72 h following simultaneous injection of tracers. PR was calculated from MCR and the serum concentration of rT3 and T3, respectively, determined by radioimmunoassay. In the H subjects, rT3 MCR averaged 97.1 +/- 12.8 (SD) 1/day and rT3 PR, 34.3 +/- 12.8 microng/day; T3 MCR was 28.7 +/- 6.1 1/day and T3 PR, 20.3 +/- 6.6 microng/day (all corrected to 70 kg body weight). These results were not significantly different from those in the control group; rT3 MCR 104 +/- 24 1/day, rT3 PR 33.0 +/- 9.2 microng/day; T3 MCR 24.0 +/- 5.9, T3 PR 24.2 +/- 4.1. The proportionof total triiodothyronine (rT3 averaged 62% in H patients and was similar (57%) in the C group. The results obtained in the H subjects indicate that the production of rT3 is a major route of T4 metabolism, equal to or exceeding that of T3. From the close agreement between the mean values for rT3 PR in the C and H groups it is concluded that most, if not all of the rT3 produced in normal humans is derived by extrathyroidal conversion from T4.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Treatment tolerance and early complications with extended field irradiation in gynaecological cancer.

Treatment tolerance and early complications have been analysed in patients treated with extended field irradiation and pelvic irradiation alone. At the Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 126 patients were treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrium from May, 1972 to November, 1974. All patients received external irradiation using a 25 MV X-ray beam. Follow-up has been nearly complete in all patients with the minimum follow-up being 15 months and the average 24 months. Treatment tolerance was approximately the same for all field sizes except when the field was extended to the top of D12. In this situation the patients occasionally required a short rest during their irradiation. The age of the patient was found to contribute significantly to the tolerance, with 70% of the patients who experienced poor tolerance being older than 60 years. Complications were evenly distributed in all all catagories of field size and appeared to be affected only by age and previous surgery. Of the patients who experienced complications 68% were older than 60 years, and of the 37 patients who had previous surgery, 32% had a complication. With certain treatment modifications the treatment tolerance and early complications appear acceptable when using extended field irradiation for gynaecological cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Control of hyperglycemia in adult diabetics by pulsed insulin delivery.

Nine adult diabetic subjects were treated for two weeks by an intravenous insulin-delivery system that provided preprogramed five-hour pulses of insulin with each meal such that a normal diurnal pattern of plasma insulin was attained. Plasma insulin peaked at 800 per cent of basal and at approximately 45 minutes after the onset of each pulse. On day 14, mean plasma glucose (hourly sampling X 22) was 94 mg./100 ml., with a range of 66 to 125 mg./100 ml. Eighty-eight per cent of all values were between 50 and 150 mg./100 ml. The dose of insulin required correlated significantly with the degree of obesity. On the first posttreatment day, hourly plasma glucose remained significantly below pretreatment levels while the endogenous plasma insulin area increased 46 per cent above pretreatment values (p less than 0.01). Six of the patients still exhibited slight improvement in glucose tolerance for seven days while on diet but not on insulin treatment. It is concluded that insulin replacement, coordinated with meals in a physiologic manner, can virtually normalize plasma glucose even without feedback control of delivery rates. Definite but transient remission of beta-cell dysfunction may follow.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Prevention of caries and osteonecrosis through daily local fluoridation in radiotherapy patients].

The healthy dentition of 432 patients treated by radiotherapy for ENT and salivary gland lesions was preserved and subjected to a programme of strict hygiene and daily local fluoride application using a gel containing 1% of sodium fluoride. Effectiveness in terms of the prevention of caries was satisfactory. Caries developed in only 7% of the patients. None of the patients in whom there was a clear indication and who followed treatment carefully to an extent greater than 70% suffered decay. Thorough initial assessment, and very careful selection of cases should make it possible in the future to avoid the majority of sources of failure observed. The prevalence of osteo-necrosis secondary to dental preservation was 1.2%, identical to the prevalence of trophic complications seen in patients who underwent total extraction before radiotherapy. The technique of fluoride application is simple, with no risk of toxicity, but must be continued indefinitely. Preservation of the dentition must be undertaken only with the close cooperation of the responsible medical and odontological teams, the latter being responsible for the initial assessment, care and surveillance. Preservation of a healthy dentition together with the possibility of early fitting of a prosthesis if necessary contribute to the rapid functional rehabilitation of patients irradiated for malignant disease in the ENT area.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1977

[Hormone receptors in fibroadenomas of the breast].

This study is about hormone receptivity carried out on 84 fibroadenomata of the breast. In displaying the intracellular receptors for oestradiol and progesterone it shows that hormone receptivity was maximum in benign conditions as they were starting in young women with a short clinical history and with most marked cellular density on anatomo-pathological examination. We compare our results with those that were obtained in cases of cancer of the breast and show in parallel the plasma steroid levels that were obtained in women with benign pathological conditions of the breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

Gastric emptying of solid food in normal man and after subtotal gastrectomy and truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty.

Alterations in gastric emptying are considered contributory to many sequelae of peptic ulcer surgery. The application of a validated method of firmly tagging solid food has enabled the measurement of the rates and patterns of gastric emptying in normal subjects, subtotal gastrectomy, and vagotomy and pyloroplasty (V&P). Normal persons emptied with a linear pattern at a mean rate of 27.96% per hr. Subtotal gastrectomy patients showed up to three phases in their emptying pattern, which, over all, approximated an exponential pattern with a mean rate constant of 0.030 min-1 and calculated t1/2 of 23.3 min. V&P subjects divided into two groups: (1) slow emptying with a linear pattern and mean rate of 17.64% per hr; (2) rapid emptying with exponential pattern and mean rate constant of 0.039 min-1, t1/2 of 17.7 min. The slow gastric emptying rate and slow passage of chyme through the small intestine in one-half of the V&P group presumably allows greater efficiency of digestion and absorption and may account for the over-all less severe nutritional disturbances after V&P.

Food↗
PubMed1977

Anticonvulsant drug antagonism of delta9tetrahydrocannabinol-induced seizures in rabbits.

A population of New Zealand White rabbits exhibit behavioral convulsions when given low doses of psychoactive cannabinoids of marijuana. Carbamazepine, diazepam and phenytoin were most effective in blocking these convulsions caused by delta9tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9THC). Phenobarbital and ethosuximide also blocked convulsions but only at toxic doses. Cannabidiol was effective in blocking convulsions when given concurrently with, but not prior to delta9THC.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cannabinoid induced behavioral convulsions in rabbits.

A population of New Zealand White rabbits has been found to exhibit behavioral convulsions when given low intravenous doses of psychoactive cannabinoids of marijuana. The behavioral convulsions decrease in severity and then disappear after the long-term administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The extreme sensitivity of these rabbits to the stimulant action of cannabinoids suggests that the population might serve as a model in studies of the stimulant action of cannabinoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The repair of double-strand breaks in the nuclear DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its genetic control.

With the use of neutral sucrose sedimentation techniques, the size of unirradiated nuclear DNA and the repair of double-strand breaks induced in it by ionizing radiation have been determined in both wild-type and homozygous rad52 diploids of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The number average molecular weight of unirradiated DNA in these experiments is 3.0 X 10(8)+/-0.3 Daltons. Double-strand breaks are induced with a frequency of 0.58 X 10(-10) per Daltonkrad in the range of 25 to 100 krad. Since repair at low doses is observed in wild-type but not homozygous rad52 strains, the corresponding rad52 gene product is concluded to have a role in the repair process. Cycloheximide was also observed to inhibit repair to a limited extent indicating a requirement for protein synthesis. Based on the sensitivity of various mutants and the induction frequency of double-strand breaks, it is concluded that there are 1 to 2 double-strand breaks per lethal event in diploid cells incapable of repairing these breaks.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗