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Biomedical subjects

P Long

Publications and source records attributed to P Long.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Cytogenetic analysis of intestinal polyps in polyposis syndromes: comparison with sporadic colorectal adenomas.

Few cytogenetic studies of polyps from patients with polyposis syndromes have been reported. We studied 27 colonic adenomatous polyps from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), two polyps of the small bowel from Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and four colorectal juvenile polyps from juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS). The karyotypic results were compared with 32 sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyps. Nineteen colorectal adenomas had abnormal karyotypes; of these, five were from patients with FAP and 14 were sporadic adenomas. Numerical changes were the most frequent change (14 adenomas); additional copies of chromosome 7 (eight adenomas) and 13 (seven adenomas) occurred most often and were present in both FAP and sporadic adenomas. Only five adenomas, all sporadic, had structural chromosome abnormalities. Normal karyotypes were obtained from 32 adenomas, and chromosome counts but not karyotypes were obtained from eight polyps owing to poor chromosome morphology. The JPS and PJS polyps had normal karyotypes. These data indicate that adenomas from patients with FAP tend to have fewer structural abnormalities than sporadic adenomas and that numerical abnormalities are the most common chromosome abnormality in both FAP and sporadic polyps and suggest that the mechanism which causes loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence operates on a level below that of the whole chromosome.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1993

Bar-code technology applied to drug-use evaluation.

Bar-code technology was used to determine: (1) patterns in histamine H2-receptor antagonist use and (2) the occurrence of adverse drug effects and drug interactions associated with the use of these agents in critically ill patients. Patients at Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit) receiving histamine H2-receptor antagonists over a two-month period were evaluated. Clinical information was collected in the intensive care units by using a bar-code system. The data-capture menu was based on drug-use-evaluation criteria for H2-receptor antagonists. Data collected in the scanning wands were uploaded into a computer database and were analyzed at the end of the study. Data were collected for 207 patients. Cimetidine was the predominant H2-receptor antagonist used, and the predominant indication was stress-ulcer prophylaxis. Dosing trends followed accepted guidelines for cimetidine dosage adjustment in renal and hepatic failure. Two drug interactions and six adverse drug reactions occurred. Pharmacists made 92 recommendations to the medical staff regarding modification in therapy, involving 32% of the patients. Data collection required an average of 10 minutes per day each for three pharmacists. H2-receptor antagonist use patterns were evaluated in intensive care units through the application of bar-code technology. The speed and efficiency of this automated tool facilitated collection of a large amount of data.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

Alcohol education as primary prevention in health care.

The purpose of this survey research was to identify practicing nurses' knowledge about the biophysiological and psychosocial components of alcohol and its pharmacological effects. Additionally, data were gathered with the intent of assisting nurses in the early identification of and intervention with individuals at risk for the disease of alcoholism. The study consisted of a convenience sample of 298 practicing nurses employed by community hospitals that had been identified as having no specific treatment program for chemical dependency. The investigation obtained self-reported information by means of a questionnaire. The instrument elicited both demographics and the answers to 25 fixed alternative questions designed to obtain information in nine topic areas. Findings indicated that 66% of the nurses incorrectly answered questions aimed at correlating population statistics to the disease of alcoholism and its physiological effects. Questions about knowledge of the pharmacological properties of alcohol were answered incorrectly by 93% of the participants. One-way analysis of variance was computed to compare the total score for each of the variables listed. Conclusions document a critical need for increased alcohol education in basic nursing programs. Content related to the pharmacological properties, the disease concept and the biophysiological and psychosocial effects of alcohol should be included in curriculum design.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of methylflavonolamine hydrochloride on contractility of isolated rabbit ileum].

Methylflavonolamine hydrochloride (MFA), verapamil (Ver), and trifluoperazine (Tri) inhibited the contractions induced by submaximal concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT). IC50 values (mumol.L-1) were 33.2 +/- 0.7, 0.276 +/- 0.018, 3.83 +/- 0.23, and 15.31 +/- 0.10, 0.233 +/- 0.017, 2.33 +/- 0.20, respectively. MFA, Ver, and Tri inhibited the contractions induced by CaCl2 and pD'2 values were 4.3 +/- 0.3, 6.23 +/- 0.22, 4.99 +/- 0.24, respectively. MFA 3 mumol.L-1, Ver 0.03 mumol.L-1, and Tri 3 mumol.L-1 inhibited the contractions induced by ACh in Ca(2+)-free medium, while MFA 60 mumol.L-1, Tri 30 mumol.L-1, but not Ver 0.6 mumol.L-1, had pronounced inhibitions on extracellular calcium-dependent contractions induced by ACh. These results suggest that MFA has a calcium antagonistic effect and that MFA is similar to Tri, but not Ver, in mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Erythrocyte dyscrasia, anemia, and hypothyroidism in chronically underweight llamas.

A syndrome characterized by anemia, erythrocyte dyscrasia, low body weight, and hypothyroidism was observed in 8 llamas (Lama glama). At initial examination (1 to 23 months of age; median, 7.5 months), llamas (3 males, 5 females) were markedly underweight (29 to 55 kg; median, 36 kg) and anemic (PCV, 12.9 to 25.5% [median, 19%]). Five of the llamas became progressively more anemic over time; in 2 of them, PCV decreased to less than 10%. Erythrocyte changes included severe poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, asymmetric distribution of hemoglobin within the cytoplasm, and cytoplasmic extensions from one or both poles. Six llamas had moderate to severe valgus deformities of the carpus. All llamas had low baseline serum thyroxine concentration and diminished response to thyrotropin administration. Baseline and post-thyrotropin triiodothyronine concentrations did not have consistent patterns. Five llamas were hypophosphatemic and 7 had low serum iron concentration (iron concentration was not determined in 1 llama). Orally administered iron supplementation did not induce clinical improvement. Because 3 of the affected llamas were full sisters, a genetic basis for the problem has to be considered. It was not possible to evaluate the familial relationship of the other 5 affected llamas. Although the underlying cause of the problem was not established, the prognosis for affected llamas is guarded to poor.

Anemia↗
PubMed1991

Bleeding and the third stage of labor.

The third stage of labor often is scarcely considered by parturients and birth attendants although it is thought to be the most dangerous stage of labor because of the risk of significant hemorrhage. Safe clinical management based on respect and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the third stage of labor may prevent many complications. Management of third stage labor is presented. Uterotonic agents and techniques for control of bleeding are discussed.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Inclusion of alcoholism and drug abuse content in curricula of varied health care professions.

Alcoholism and drug abuse are prevalent health problems in the United States. Practitioners in nursing, medicine, and dentistry need to be cognizant of the insidious signs of chemical dependency. A descriptive survey using a researcher-designed questionnaire yielded a sample which consisted of 11 medical schools, 2 dental schools, 25 baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs, and 38 associate degree nursing programs. The survey findings indicated that the curricula for nursing, medicine, and dentistry were inadequate in chemical dependency content. This survey evidenced the need for a stronger educational effort addressing both knowledge of alcoholism/drug abuse and impaired professional practice in the curricula of the health professional programs examined.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

Llama herd health.

Herd health programs for llama owners offer veterinarians the opportunity to provide preventive care to an expanding market. Some aspects of llama herd health programs are unique but should be based on herd health principles used for other livestock species. Vaccinations, parasite control, nutritional consultation and reproductive examinations, coupled with feet and teeth care, are some areas to cover in herd health programs. Each herd will have slightly different requirements and the program should be tailored to the goals of the producer.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1989

Facilitating adherence to ACS and NCI guidelines for breast cancer screening.

1. Measures are needed to increase awareness of the incidence of breast cancer, and perhaps to increase the perception of susceptibility to breast cancer among all women. 2. Common reasons for noncompliance with the established guidelines include: fear of the carcinogenic effect of radiation, unfamiliarity with the guidelines, belief that mammography is ineffective, or fear that detection will necessitate mastectomy. 3. While cost, accessibility, and availability are critically important in enhancing public compliance, professional health care providers have a tremendous burden to obtain current information regarding the breast screening guidelines, and communicate the information to the public. 4. By helping to establish accessible and affordable breast screening programs, nurses have an excellent opportunity to play a role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer.

American Cancer Society↗
PubMed1987

Early onset pre-eclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease.

A follow up study of 84 patients with early onset pre-eclampsia (before 37 weeks' gestation) showed a high prevalence of underlying renal disease. Renal abnormalities were found in 33 of the 49 primiparas (67%) and in 22 of the 35 multiparas (63%). Two thirds of the multiparas with pre-eclampsia before 37 weeks with a diagnosis of either essential hypertension or renal disease had recurrent pre-eclampsia. Maternal morbidity and fetal mortality were greater in the group with early onset pre-eclampsia than in a group with late onset disease. Idiopathic pre-eclampsia occurred in 10% of primiparas in the early onset group, whereas it was the main condition in over three quarters of primiparas in the late onset group. A presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic pre-eclampsia is likely to be correct only in primiparas who develop the disease after 37 weeks of pregnancy; in all other cases careful search will almost certainly detect an underlying abnormality, predominantly renal.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Clinical biochemical values of llamas: reference values.

Fifteen clinical biochemical measurements were done on serum from 64 clinically healthy adult llamas (26 males and 38 females). Values for several of these tests were different from those reported for llamas and from reference values for other domesticated ruminants. Comparison of values between males and females revealed significant differences for several tests. Clinical biochemical values reported in the present study can serve as reference values for adult llamas.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The early period of experimental Mendelson's syndrome in dogs with PaCO2 and pH in a normal range.

In 9 dogs the first 240 min of experimental Mendelson's syndrome were studied. To minimise hemodynamic alterations, the PaCO2 and pH were kept within the normal range. An increase in pulmonary artery pressure, Qs/Qt and a decrease in PaO2 were demonstrated. Diminution of heart rate and cardiac index were associated with the decrease of systemic oxygen transport. The first 30 min appeared as a para-sympathetic syndrome, the remainder of the experiment as a hypovolemic syndrome. Severe hypoxia was observed during the two periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Prognostic importance of skin tests in high-risk patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit].

This report involves the study of skin test carried out using five antigens (tuberculin, candidin, -haemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus albus, pertussis bacillus) in 33 patients hospitalised in a polyvalent intensive care unit with two criteria of inclusion:--associated excretion of 20 g of nitrogen or more per hour;--severe infectious complications (either pneumonia or septicaemia). Three patient populations were found: true anergism (all skin tests negative), relative anergism (one test only positive) and reactive (at least two tests positive). Results were analysed at two levels. With regard to the value of the tests: the use of candidin or of haemolytic streptococcus alone would have sufficed to classify the patients within the same groups with two exceptions. Secondly, from a prognostic standpoint, the study confirmed data in the literature. There was a significant between the anergic and reactive groups in terms of survival. This applied both to tests performed at the time of admission of the patients as well as those repeated one week later.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and survival after resection of lung cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured preoperatively in 43 patients who underwent complete resection of primary lung cancer. 7 of 43 patients (17%) had CEA levels in the cancer diagnostic range (greater than 40.9 microgram/litre), non of whom survived longer than 10 months. At two years, it was apparent that those patients with a preoperative CEA less than 21 microgram had a better survival rate than those with a CEA21-40.9 microgram/litre (P less than 0.005).

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗