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Biomedical subjects

P Leclercq

Publications and source records attributed to P Leclercq.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of teicoplanin for treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci in 20 patients.

Teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic similar to vancomycin, was evaluated for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis in an open multicenter study from May 1985 to August 1987. A total of 20 patients with positive blood culture endocarditis received teicoplanin once daily as a mean intravenous injection of 7.3 mg/kg of body weight (range, 4.8 to 10.6 mg/kg); in 17 patients, teicoplanin was combined with another antibiotic, usually an aminoglycoside. The mean duration of therapy was 28 days (range, 7 to 66 days). The diagnosis of endocarditis was confirmed by echocardiography or anatomical findings in 15 patients and established on the basis of clinical manifestations plus positive blood cultures in 5 patients. The tricuspid valve was involved in 11 of the 20 patients. Isolates from blood were 12 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Staphylococcus hominis, 1 Micrococcus sedentarius, 1 Enterococcus faecalis, 3 Streptococcus bovis, and 2 nongroupable Streptococcus sp. At the end of therapy, bacterial eradication was achieved in 17 of 20 patients (85%), and a favorable clinical outcome had occurred in 14 of 17 evaluable patients (82%). Of these 14 patients, one relapsed 4 months after the end of treatment. Thus, teicoplanin was effective in 13 of 17 patients (76%). Mean peak levels of teicoplanin in serum were lower, 23.1 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml, in patients who failed than in those who were cured (45.8 +/- 8.4 micrograms/ml). Side effects occurred in 7 of 20 patients (35%), and required premature discontinuation of teicoplanin in 3 patients. These side effects were fever in three patients, rash in three patients, hearing loss in two patients, and increased serum transaminase levels in two patients. This study demonstrates the efficacy of teicoplanin in the treatment of endocarditis and the need for achieving peak levels in serum close to 40 micrograms/ml. Teicoplanin should now be further evaluated in endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci means of controlled comparative study with standard therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of teicoplanin and vancomycin on cerebrospinal fluid proteins of non-infected rabbits after suboccipital injection].

The IC inoculation of antibiotics into the CSF for therapeutic use could produce biological effects we should consider when analysing samples. To corroborate this assumption, we observed the effect of ICI T and V on the PL of the CSF of non infected rabbits. T and V were ICI as dosage of 1 mg/kg diluted in 0.2 ml of isotonic saline solution (ISS). ISS was also ICI alone. CSF samples were obtained before inoculation from 41 animals (T0) setting the normal PL. Other samples were obtained 2 (T2) and 4 hours (T4) after inoculation. PL were assayed in an Analyser Clinic Automatic (Du Pont). The statistical analysis was performed by the Kolomogorov-Smirnov Test, for comparison of samples from unknown and not necessarily similar distributions. Results were (mg/l) = PL at T0 = 0.20 +/- 0.08. At T2, levels were 0.6 +/- 0.41 (ISS), 0.73 +/- 0.27 (V) and 0.87 +/- 0.44 (T). At T4 they were 0.3 +/- 0.15 (ISS), 0.55 +/- 0.25 (V) and 0.78 +/- (T). Statistical differences (p less than 0.05) were demonstrated at T2 (T, V and ISS vs control at T0), at T4 = V, vs control at T0 but not between the two antibiotics nor between the two antibiotics and ISS, at any time. We conclude that IC inoculation of T and V and ISS increased significantly the CSF PL.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of typhoid fever using ofloxacin. Clinical experience and determination of antibiotic diffusion into the mesenteric lymph nodes].

Nine patients with typhoid fever were given ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 400 mg for ten days. All patients recovered with no relapses. No case of Salmonella typhi carriage was recorded. Diffusion of ofloxacin into mesenteric lymph nodes was studied in four patients. Mean concentration was 1.46 micrograms/g after four 200 mg doses. According to our results, ofloxacin could be considered as one of the alternatives for treating typhoid fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Frequencies of HLA-A, C and Bf antigens in schizophrenic patients originated from Alsace (author's transl)].

A comparison of the frequency of HLA-A, B, C and Bf antigens observed in a group of 75 chronic schizophrenics and in a control group of 184, all strictly from Alsace, does not carry any argument in favour of a strong genetic association between schizophrenia and the antigens studied. In effect, the modifications observed in the schizophrenic sample--decrease in the frequency of A10 and B5 antigens, and increase of A29 and BfF--are not statistically significant when the probabilities are multiplied by the number of tested antigens. These preliminary results however do not permit to exclude the possibility of an association between schizophrenia and the tested antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Anti-HL-A immunization in polytransfused patients according to the antigenic composition of the transfused blood].

The presence of anti-HL-A antibodies in a polytransfused person very often is a sign of a bad prognosis for survival of renal grafts or for the efficacity of leucocyte transfusion. In this paper, we describe the immunization of 5 patients who have been studied for several years. The number of units transfused as well as antigenic HL-A composition of these units are known for each patient. This enabled us to identify for each antigen, the number of blood units transfused (results given in %). Our observations confirm facts already described by several authors, study of voluntary programmed immunization, with the cells from the same donor. Furthermore, we are aware that there does not appear to be any direct relationship between proportion (absolute value) of the antigens received and specificity of antibodies. The time needed for an individual to become immunized does not appear to be related to the number of transfusions. This could lead to the modification of the criteria allowing to classify individuals as "responders" or "non-responders".

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

[Transfusion of blood with HL-A type. A study with 2,380 donors (author's transl)].

Patients receiving repeated transfusions sooner or later develop an anti-HL-A immunization. To prevent or to delay this immunization by transfusing "deleucocyted" blood appears in the long run, to be a vague hope. So, it became essential to use blood from donors typed for the HL-A system. In this study we have examined what would happen if a pool of 2,380 HL-A type donors were available for 110 recipients. Twenty five per cent of the recipients will have blood available from more than 5 donors with the same HL-A types as themselves, and 71% of them can receive blood from more than 5 donors sharing at least one antigen at each locus (and with no antigen known to be different between them).

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in AIDS patients by the polymerase chain reaction.

In recent years, toxoplasmosis has become one of the most frequent and life-threatening opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Despite strict clinical follow-up and repeated biological examinations, its diagnosis remains difficult to establish in the context of immunodeficiency because of the poor predictive value of serology. The aim of the study was to compare standard methods of diagnosis with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in an attempt to investigate the potential usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Twelve biological samples (cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, one brain biopsy and one liver biopsy) from 11 unselected AIDS patients were tested by PCR. The results showed good correlation (for eight out of 11 patients) between classical methods and PCR, and confirm the value of bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The pathophysiological significance of the presence of Toxoplasma in samples tested is discussed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of parenteral medium- and long-chain triglycerides on lymphocytes subpopulations and functions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may offer significant clinical benefit in malnourished patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the immunologic effect of parenteral lipids remains unknown in these severely immunodepressed patients. METHODS: We undertook a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter study comparing the effects of two i.v. lipid emulsions used during TPN: long-chain triglycerides (LCT) or balanced emulsion of long-and medium-chain triglycerides (LCT/MCT). Thirty-three AIDS patients requiring TPN for wasting and reduced oral intake were allocated randomly to receive a ternary TPN mixture consisting of 1.5 g/kg/d proteins, 18 kcal/kg/d lipids, and 12 Kcal/kg/d carbohydrates for 6 days. The following tests were performed at days 0 and 7: immunoglobulins, complement fractions, lymphocyte subpopulations count, and lymphocyte proliferation with mitogens. RESULTS: Patients were all severely malnourished (weight loss: -14.0 +/- 1.3 kg). No clinical or biological differences were observed between the groups at baseline. At day 7, both groups reported a significant increase in weight. Patients in the LCT group exhibited a significant decrease in phytohemagglutinin A response (p = .04) compared with baseline. Patients in the LCT/MCT group exhibited a lower level of IgM (p = .03) and significant increase in C3 fraction (p = .03) compared with baseline. They also showed a tendency to have a higher CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio (p = .07), whereas other immunological parameters remained unchanged CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral ternary mixture containing LCT or LCT/MCT are clinically well tolerated in AIDS patients over 6 days. With 2 g/kg/d of lipids, LCT seems to induce significant abnormalities in lymphocyte function. Such abnormalities are not observed with LCT/MCT.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗