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Biomedical subjects

P Leclerc

Publications and source records attributed to P Leclerc.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Septicemic complications of venous perfusion catheterization. 4 years' experience in an intensive care unit].

Septicemia is a complication of prolonged venous catheterisation; although rare, is at present important owing to the severity of the condition and the possibility of prevention. The severity should lead one to very careful precautions to avoid sepsis, which antibiotic therapy and emergencies often lead one to neglect. The development of research on the prophylaxis of septicemia suggests that in the future, prolonged intravenous fluid may be given less dangerously. They are usually essential during the initial stages of intensive care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurosteroids: regulatory mechanisms in male rat brain during heterosexual exposure.

Pregnenolone (delta 5-P) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in the limbic system of young adult male rats (M) exposed for several days to the scent of cycling females but in absence of sexual contacts (M/F), and compared to levels obtained in males similarly exposed to other males (M/M). delta 5-P was highest in the olfactory bulbs of M/M, as compared to other regions of the limbic system. It decreased greater than 50% in M/F olfactory bulbs, but was identical in the olfactory tubercles, the amygdalas and the hypothalamus of M/M and M/F, as well as in the plasma, the adrenals and the spleen (taken as a representative non-endocrine organ). In comparison with M/M levels, DHEA selectively increased in the hypothalamus of M/F. These results demonstrate very different steroid concentrations in different regions of the brain, and they reveal their selective and eventually opposite changes upon heterosexual exposure. Therefore, they suggest regulatory mechanisms specific to various parts of the brain which are not directly related to the hormonal levels in the blood, and which could be part of the response to still undefined signals emitted by animals of the other sex.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for the role of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in the regulation of the mouse sperm adenylyl cyclase by the egg's zona pellucida.

Sperm acrosomal exocytosis is the result of a complex set of signal transduction pathways activated physiologically by the egg's extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. In the mouse, the zona pellucida has been demonstrated to induce an increase in sperm intracellular pH, Ca2+, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations as well as to activate proteins of the Gi class (G; guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins). We recently reported that the mouse zona pellucida could activate the adenylyl cyclase of mouse sperm. It is not known, however, whether zona pellucida stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity is mediated through G proteins. In the present study, we demonstrate that the sperm membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase activity is stimulated by the G protein activators guanosine-5'-O-thiotriphosphate (GTPgammaS) and mastoparan in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal adenylyl cyclase activity measured with these two G protein activators is similar to the stimulation observed with the zona pellucida, but the effect of GTPgammaS is not additive or synergistic with the effects of mastoparan or the zona pellucida. Pertussis toxin treatment of sperm membranes inhibits the zona pellucida stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity, while the basal or forskolin-induced activation of the enzyme is not affected. Partial inhibition of the stimulatory effect of the zona pellucida on the adenylyl cyclase activity is observed with guanosine-5'-O-thiodiphosphate (GDPbetaS), another G protein antagonist. To a reconstitution system containing Lubrol-PX, where zona pellucida or GTPgammaS stimulation of the sperm enzyme is not observed, addition of G protein betagamma subunits restores the activation of the sperm adenylyl cyclase by the zona pellucida and GTPgammaS without affecting the enzyme activity under basal or forskolin-stimulated conditions. These results support our hypothesis that mouse sperm adenylyl cyclase is stimulated by the zona pellucida through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway involving G proteins of the Gi class.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryopreservation alters the levels of the bull sperm surface protein P25b.

Fertility of frozen-thawed bull sperm is reduced by cryopreservation. Freezing-thawing procedures can result in as much as a sevenfold fertility decrease. Sperm mortality and loss of motility do not fully explain the reduced fertility of cryopreserved semen; they may be partially explained by the loss of sperm surface proteins, which are necessary for fertilization. We have previously identified P25b, a sperm surface protein, which is associated with the fertility index of bulls used for artificial insemination. Using Western blotting techniques, we have evaluated P25b levels before and after cryopreservation of bull spermatozoa in extenders based on either egg yolk or milk. Long storage periods (28 days) in liquid nitrogen results in a threefold decrease of P25b levels associated with cryopreserved versus fresh spermatozoa. Over a short storage period (3-7 days), a stable P25b level was observed on spermatozoa cryopreserved in extender containing either egg yolk or milk. A decrease in P25b levels associated with spermatozoa was observed after 5 days of storage in egg yolk extender, whereas a significant decrease was observed after 14 days of sperm storage in milk extender (P < .05). Therefore, the loss of P25b may be responsible, at least in part, for the decrease in fertility following the freezing-thawing procedure of bull semen. Moreover, the cryopreservation extender used may have different effects on the loss of sperm surface proteins after even brief storage periods in liquid nitrogen. Considering that a sperm protein similar to P25b exists in humans (P34H), these results may have significant clinical applications in which frozen semen is used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metartarsal joint. Classification. Treatment. Apropos of 81 cases].

The authors have treated eighty-one cases of fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metarsal joint and have studied 232 cases reported in the literature. They suggest a modification of previous classifications. In their conclusions, they consider that purely conservative treatment is inadequate. Reduction, when obtained by closed methods, should be maintained by Kirschner wires. Open reduction should be done when closed methods do not produce a perfec reduction. When several articular fractures are present, they advocate immediate reduction and arthrodesis. The results obtained after secondary arthrodesis were not as good as those obtained after primary arthrodesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the telephone in providing prenatal care.

To assess the role of telephone services in the health care of pregnant women, we evaluated the pregnancy healthline, Info-Grossesse (IG). We assessed the population of users, the reasons for their use, their reactions to the program, and their willingness to participate in follow-up surveys. During a 44-month period, there were 3,589 calls from women who were (or thought they were) pregnant. Overall, about half the calls related to teratogen information services, whereas the other half were for more general pregnancy-related information. Although women calling about medications were slightly older than the others, there were no major differences between groups defined by the primary reason for a call. Overall, about 17% of calls required a referral for formal risk counseling, with referrals most likely for calls about medications. Based on responses to a satisfaction questionnaire completed by over 80% of those asked to participate, IG decreased concerns for and answered all the questions of about three quarters of the respondents. Over 85% of eligible callers provided information on the outcome of their pregnancies, indicating that collecting these follow-up data is an acceptable and feasible program component. This study suggests that a pregnancy healthline such as IG can reach women worried about their pregnancies and that it can, thereby, reduce adverse conditions of pregnancy associated with "unnecessary" concerns or "inappropriate" use of services.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adrenal adenoma disclosing after delivery].

Pregnancy and Cushing's syndrome are seldom found together (40 cases in the literature), since hyperadrenocorticism is often responsible for anovulation by gonadotropin suppression. We report the case of a 25-year old para II woman whose pregnancy was complicated by diabetes and arterial hypertension at 31 weeks and who received the conventional treatments (special diet, insulin therapy, pindolol). Caesarean section, motivated by premature rupture of the membranes, was performed at 37 weeks, delivering a healthy infant. The diagnosis of hypercortisolism with low ACTH level was made post partum. An adrenal tumour (the most frequent cause of Cushing's syndrome occurring during pregnancy) was removed after pre-operative treatment with ketoconazole, and endocrine functions returned to normal.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bronchopulmonary adenocarcinomas of apparently primary origin. A retrospective study of sixty-six patients (author's transl)].

A retrospective study of sixty-six case-reports confirmed the traditional factors described in this histological type of cancer, particularly the age, a slight predominence of males, and the very poor prognosis. A selection was made of 42 cases in which extensive investigations had been carried out to search for a possible extrapulmonary primary adenocarcinoma, but only one case of renal cancer and one of thyroid cancer were demonstrated. Autopsy had revealed the presence of 3 prostatic lesions and their relation to the pulmonary affection is discussed. Thyroid cancer had been found in 2 cases, which emphasizes the value of scintigraphy for this organ, whereas the authors felt that other investigations were of no value in the absence of clinically oriented signs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of quantitative evaluation of bacterial species in bronchitic infections (author's transl)].

A quantitative evaluation of the bacterial species in the sputum collected from 93 patients was conducted over a period of 7 months. The patients were divided into five different pathological categories, while separating those patients who had not received antibiotic therapy before samples were taken from those who had been administered this type of treatment. Samples were repeated after one week in 30 cases. The most frequently encountered germs were hemophilus (10(6)) and pneumococcus (10(7)). In simple bronchopathies, Gram-negative germs were only isolated at levels of 10(5) from patients previously treated with antibiotics, which demonstrates their low pathogenic role. In most severe bronchopathies they were isolated more frequently, but at levels which rarely exceeded 10(6). Their pathogenic role has to be evaluated as a function of the progression in clinical signs. The authors underline the frequency with which pneumococcal strains are resistant to tetracyclines.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗