Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Lamy

Publications and source records attributed to P Lamy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Are microRNAs located in genomic regions associated with cancer?

We report on the location of 283 miRNAs in the human genome in relation to copy number changes in three distinct types of tumours: prostate, bladder and colon. In prostate and colon tumours, we find miRNAs over-represented in regions with copy number gain and under-represented in regions with copy number loss. Surprisingly this pattern appears to be reversed in bladder cancer. We compared our miRNA copy number data to published miRNA expression data; unexpectedly, we did not find a statistically significant relationship between miRNA copy number and expression level. This suggests that miRNA expression is regulated through different mechanisms than mRNA expression.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease of the duodenum.

Duodenal obstruction is a classic complication of Crohn's disease with duodenal involvement. However, malignant transformation of duodenal lesions has very rarely been reported, and diagnosis of such a transformation is rarely made preoperatively. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient with an 8-year history of Crohn's disease who underwent bypass gastrojejunostomy for a duodenal stricture. A year later, weight loss and biliary obstruction led to a further laparotomy. At operation, an advanced carcinoma with peritoneal seedings was confirmed. Of the three patients previously reported in the literature with duodenal cancer arising in Crohn's disease stricture, only one had a preoperative diagnosis of malignancy made from endoscopic biopsies. When considering the surgical bypass of Crohn's duodenal stricture, if preoperative endoscopy and biopsy cannot be performed on account of duodenal stricturing, we suggest performing a peroperative endoscopy via a jejunotomy in order to eliminate the diagnosis of associated duodenal malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Successful treatment with adefovir dipivoxil in a patient with fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis and lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus.

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) is a severe clinical and histological variant of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection seen most commonly in the HBV infected allograft after liver transplantation. Without treatment, FCH is fatal, rapidly and universally. Remission has been reported with lamivudine but is associated with evolving resistance to lamivudine. Adefovir dipivoxil has recently been reported to be a potent and highly effective inhibitor of HBV replication in both wild-type and lamivudine resistant HBV infection. We report a case of FCH 15 months after liver transplantation for HBV related cirrhosis despite therapy with lamivudine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). Within two weeks of commencing treatment with adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg once daily, the patient had made a remarkable recovery with resolution of jaundice and normalisation of liver biochemistry. HBV DNA and hepatitis B e antigen were lost from serum subsequently and liver histology had improved at four months. This case report suggests firstly, that advanced FCH can be reversed and secondly, that addition of adefovir dipivoxil to lamivudine and HBIg may be an effective antiviral strategy.

Adenine↗
PubMed2000

Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B mutants.

Lamivudine has been shown to be an effective therapy for chronic hepatitis B, but resistance to this nucleoside agent is common after prolonged use. Five patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection developed resistance to lamivudine after 9 to 19 months of treatment. In 4 patients this occurred after liver transplantation and the remaining individual had stable cirrhosis. In each case, resistance was confirmed to be caused by one or more mutations in the HBV-DNA polymerase gene and was associated with active underlying liver disease. The patients were treated with adefovir dipivoxil in a dose of 5 to 30 mg daily. Two to 4 log(10) reductions in HBV-DNA levels were observed in 4 cases, and the fifth patient became negative by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after retransplantation in conjunction with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). Virologic improvement was associated with stable or declining serum alanine transaminase levels in 4 patients. HBV-DNA suppression has been sustained during a mean treatment period of 13 months (range 11 to 15 months), including 1 patient in whom lamivudine has been discontinued. Mild changes in renal function were observed during treatment in most cases but did not require early discontinuation of the drug. This study provides evidence that adefovir dipivoxil can be an effective treatment for lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants as well as wild-type HBV.

Adenine↗
PubMed1999

Fulminant hepatic failure resulting from lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus in a renal transplant recipient: durable response after orthotopic liver transplantation on adefovir dipivoxil and hepatitis B immune globulin.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome may occur during therapy. METHODS: We report an asymptomatic HBV carrier who underwent transplantation for end-stage renal disease. She developed an HBV flare 6 months after transplantation and was placed on lamivudine. After initial rapid improvement, she relapsed clinically and virologically. She decompensated with jaundice, peripheral edema, ascites, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. A liver biopsy specimen revealed submassive necrosis. RESULTS: Emergency liver transplantation was performed: lamivudine was discontinued. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and adefovir dipivoxil were initiated. Sixteen months after orthotopic liver transplantation, she is HBV DNA seronegative with normal liver enzymes. Sequencing of HBV polymerase gene from preliver transplantation sera did not detect the usual lamivudine resistance mutations in the YMDD motif but instead two other mutations (F514-->L, L528-->M). Lamivudine resistance was demonstrated in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic HBV carriers may reactivate following renal transplantation after immunosuppression. Resistance to lamivudine may result in severe hepatic damage in immunocompromised patients.

Adenine↗
PubMed1997

[Morbid associations in Crohn's disease. Study of a series of 832 patients].

OBJECTIVES: Depending its frequency, the association in the same subject of Crohn's disease and another pathology can be fortuitous or the expression of genetic or environmental interrelationships. The aim of our study was to identify among a series of patients with Crohn's disease preliminary data which would be suggestive of a significant association between Crohn's disease and other pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Personal and familial histories were collected in 832 patients with Crohn's disease who were seen consecutively in the same hospital clinic from 1974 to 1994. RESULTS: We found 4 cases (0.5%) of associated Crohn's disease-multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease-rheumatoid purpura in the same patient. Each of the following genetic diseases was associated with Crohn's disease in one patient (0.1%): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, deuteroanopia, multiple exostosis, familial ichthyosis, periodic disease. CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time sporadic cases of associated Crohn's disease and another rare disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, familial ichthyosis and periodic disease. We suggest that there is a significant interrelationship between personal and familial histories of Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis which should be verified in prospective studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Functional diarrheas are not, in most cases, minor clinical forms of lymphocytic or collagenous colitis].

AIM: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that some patients with functional diarrhea could actually suffer from a mild clinical pattern of collagenous or lymphocytic colitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with chronic diarrhea were included in the study if the colonic mucosa appeared normal during colonoscopy. From multiple colonic biopsies were established a conventional histological diagnosis and a quantitative histological diagnosis. This latter diagnosis was based on the semiquantitative evaluation of epithelial morphological alterations and lamina propria monocellular infiltration, and on the determination of both intraepithelial lymphocyte count and subepithelial collagen layer thickness. Multiple colonic biopsies from 12 control patients without diarrhea were analyzed according to the same protocol. RESULTS: Among the 20 patients with diarrhea, the quantitative diagnosis of collagenous colitis was made in 3 patients (thickness of the collagen band between 11 and 26 microns) and the diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis in one (21% of intraepithelial lymphocytes). The percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes did not differ between the 16 remaining patients and the controls (12 +/- 5% and 9 +/- 4%, respectively). Similarly, the score of surface epithelial damage and the score of lamina propria infiltration in patients with diarrhea (1.2 +/- 1.0 et 1.7 +/- 1.5) were not different from the values in the control group (1.3 +/- 1.3 et 1.5 +/- 1.2). The mean fecal weight in patients with diarrhea but without colitis was 161 +/- 130 g/d. All the values of fecal weight were below 300 g/d, except in one patient with a past history of truncular vagotomy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that most of the patients with functional diarrhea do not suffer from mild clinical patterns of collagenous or lymphocytic colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observing campaign on comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.

The Hubble Space Telescope made systematic observations of the split comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) (P designates a periodic comet) starting in July 1993 and continuing through mid-July 1994 when the fragments plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere. Deconvolutions of Wide Field Planetary Camera images indicate that the diameters of some fragments may have been as large as approximately 2 to 4 kilometers, assuming a geometric albedo of 4 percent, but significantly smaller values (that is, < 1 kilometer) cannot be ruled out. Most of the fragments (or nuclei) were embedded in circularly symmetric inner comae from July 1993 until late June 1994, implying that there was continuous, but weak, cometary activity. At least a few nuclei fragmented into separate, condensed objects well after the breakup of the SL9 parent body, which argues against the hypothesis that the SL9 fragments were swarms of debris with no dominant, central bodies. Spectroscopic observations taken on 14 July 1994 showed an outburst in magnesium ion emission that was followed closely by a threefold increase in continuum emission, which may have been caused by the electrostatic charging and subsequent explosion of dust as the comet passed from interplanetary space into the jovian magnetosphere. No OH emission was detected, but the derived upper limit on the H2O production rate of approximately 10(27) molecules per second does not necessarily imply that the object was water-poor.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis and prognosis of AIDS-related cholangitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine more precisely the clinical and biological characteristics of AIDS-related cholangitis, and to investigate prognostic variables of this disease. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical and prognostic study. SETTING: Biliary unit, Bicêtre Hospital, France. PATIENTS: HIV-positive patients (n = 52) referred to the unit between December 1986 and June 1993 for biliary symptoms leading to the suspicion of AIDS-related cholangitis, (42 men; 10 women; mean age, 37 +/- 8 years). INTERVENTION: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in order to determine the cause of the biliary symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical features and evolution of the cholangitis. RESULTS: Among the 52 patients, 45 met the ERCP criteria of AIDS-related cholangitis (36 men; nine women). The diagnosis of cholangitis was strongly suggested by abdominal ultrasonography in 47% of the cases. ERCP showed papillary stenosis, diffuse cholangitis, extrahepatic cholangitis alone, and intrahepatic cholangitis alone in 60, 67, 7 and 27%, respectively. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 28 patients. Pain was relieved by sphincterotomy in nine patients, but the other clinical or biological features were not influenced. One-year and 2-year survival rates were 41 +/- 7% and 8 +/- 4%, respectively. Multidimensional analysis using a Cox model showed that a lymphocyte count > 500 x 10(6)/l was the only independent predictive factor of better survival. CONCLUSION: AIDS-related cholangitis is a disease which leads preferentially to papillary stenosis or diffuse abnormalities of the biliary tract. Prognostic factors depend on the stage of the HIV infection. Another diagnosis of cholestasis was found in approximately 15% of the patients who showed biliary symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Isotonic high-sodium oral rehydration solution for increasing sodium absorption in patients with short-bowel syndrome.

We compared the effect of a standard oral rehydration solution and a high-sodium polymeric-glucose solution on sodium absorption in short-bowel syndrome. Six patients with high jejunostomy were tested in a random order with the standard solution or a solution containing maltodextrins (18 g Glucidex 12/L) enriched with 2.5 g NaCl/L. Solutions were administered via a nasogastric tube at a rate of 2 mL/min. Jejunal effluent was collected during an 8-h period. The net 8-h fluid absorption was not significantly different in the two periods. Glucose absorption was greater than 90% of the administered amount for both solutions. Net sodium absorption was greater for the maltodextrin solution than for the standard solution (56 +/- 12 vs 24 +/- 20 mmol, P less than 0.05). We conclude that replacement of glucose with maltodextrins and addition of sodium in the standard oral rehydration solution results in improved sodium absorption in short-bowel syndrome.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of orocaecal transit time by hypnosis.

The ability of hypnosis to modulate the orocaecal transit time of 10 g lactulose was tested in six healthy volunteers. Orocaecal transit time was measured by the hydrogen breath test during three periods in random order. During the control period the subjects remained throughout the test in a semirecumbent position without moving. During the hypnotic relaxation period subjects were hypnotised before lactulose ingestion and were instructed to experience relaxation till the orocaecal transit time had elapsed. During the acceleration suggestion period subjects were hypnotised before lactulose ingestion and were repeatedly instructed to imagine the acceleration of lactulose through the intestine until transit time had elapsed. The mean orocaecal transit time was significantly longer during the hypnotic relaxation period (mean (SEM) 133 (8) min) than during the control period (93 (13) min). The mean orocaecal transit time during the acceleration suggestion period was 105 (26) minutes and was not significantly different from the mean transit time during the control period. The individual values during the acceleration suggestion period were scattered. We conclude that lactulose orocaecal transit time is delayed during hypnotic relaxation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Remission of malignant pleural mesothelioma using high-dose cisplatin in monochemotherapy].

The authors report a case of a malignant mesothelioma of the left main pleura diagnosed by thoracoscopy and treated by pleural talcage followed with four courses of chemotherapy using cisplatin in a dose of 40 mgms/m2 from days 1 to 5 resulting in a near complete remission for one year. Following a review of the literature the authors analyse the potential value of chemotherapy in this type of tumour whose treatment up to the present time has been particularly disappointing.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Adaptive hyperphagia in patients with postsurgical malabsorption.

The specific nutritional consequences of malabsorption after small-bowel surgery were studied in a consecutive series of 48 ambulatory patients who had had small-bowel resection (n = 43) or bypass (n = 5) and in 10 patients who had an ileal pouch (n = 10). The patients received a 3-day standardized oral regimen providing daily 30 kcal/kg of ideal body weight (IBW). Throughout the study, 41 patients had malabsorption (fecal fat greater than 5%); 17 had fecal fat less than 5% and served as controls. The malabsorption patients absorbed 70% of protein and 71% of fat. Twenty-one were normonourished and 20 had features of mild energy malnutrition, vs. 15 and 2 controls, respectively. Compared with controls, malabsorption patients had decreased body weight and triceps skin-fold but no features of protein malnutrition. their mean daily food intake at home was significantly enhanced (39.6 +/- 13.1 kcal/IBW kg) vs. controls (28.8 +/- 5.8 kcal/IBW kg, P less than 0.001). In the malabsorption group, caloric intake was higher in the normonourished patients than in those with mild malnutrition. This study shows that a chronic malabsorption has limited nutritional consequences. The patients compensate for their absorptive handicap by increasing their oral intake.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

[Muscular metastasis of primary bronchial carcinoma].

We report 2 cases of muscle metastases from primary lung cancer (an adenocarcinoma and one epidermoid carcinoma). In one patient the metastases revealed the disease. This site of metastasis seems to be exceptional since only 46 cases have been published, but its frequency is probably underestimated. A retrospective study of the last 10 years and an exhaustive review of the literature have enabled us to determine the frequency of muscle metastases from lung cancer and their physiopathological implications.

Adenocarcinoma↗