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Biomedical subjects

P Lal

Publications and source records attributed to P Lal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Results of definitive radiotherapy in T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma: Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital experience.

Early glottic carcinomas (T1 and T2) constitute only 2% of all laryngeal cancers in our data. Seventy patients were seen between 1985 and 1992. All patients were treated by cobalt-60 small field radiotherapy using a beam directed shell. The total dose delivered was 60-65 Gy in 31 patients and 66-70 Gy in 39 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 126 months, with a mean follow up of 37 months overall and 55 months in the surgical salvage group. Radiation therapy controlled disease in 71% (50 of 70) of patients overall; 75% with T1 and 67% with T2 lesions. Total laryngectomy as salvage surgery was performed in 70% (14 of 20) of patients whose disease recurred. Ultimate control including surgical salvage occurred in 64 (91%) of 70 patients in the present study. The actuarial 5 year survival was 83 and 80% in T1 and T2 tumours, respectively (statistically insignificant). This report supports the policy of definitive irradiation, reserving surgical salvage for radiation failures in early laryngeal cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Aggressive bone metastases in urachal carcinoma.

A 38-year-old female with urachal carcinoma showed extensive bone metastases 1 year after wide excision of the urachal tumor, including partial cystectomy. A combination of radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was offered. Local radiotherapy of 8 Gy as a single fraction or 10 Gy in two fractions was delivered to the painful regions of the skeletal system. Multiagent chemotherapy consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin was given for three cycles. The patient died 28 months after the initial presentation with progression of the disease to pelvis and skeletal sites. The problem of metastatic spread after initial resection should be considered in urachal carcinoma, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy should improve the outcome in this rare neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

AIDS awareness among nursing students of Delhi.

A total of 233 students of nursing school affiliated to a major hospital of Delhi were surveyed anonymously employing a predesigned, pretested and self-administered questionnaire. Although, 78.6 per cent students knew that AIDS stands for "Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome," 15.5 per cent students were unaware of the fact that AIDS had reached India. Majority of them were aware of various aspects of HIV/AIDS. However, they also had few misconceptions particularly regarding HIV transmission. Contrary to our belief, only one-fourth students acquired AIDS information from scientific journals. One training session on AIDS conducted for a small group of students could not bring any significant change in their knowledge. Findings suggest organization of AIDS-training sessions at regular intervals from the very inception of nursing programme to impart complete and correct knowledge of these future Florence Nightingales regarding various aspects of HIV/AIDS and for removal of misconceptions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Hemostatic radiotherapy in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of hemorrhagic carcinoma of the uterine cervix with hemostatic radiotherapy (external and intracavitary radiotherapy). METHOD: Twenty cases of refractory hemorrhagic carcinoma of the uterine cervix receiving hemostatic radiotherapy between April 1987 and May 1992 were analyzed. The age of the patients ranged between 30 and 60 years with a median of 42 years. RESULTS: The mean tumor volume was 130 mm3; all cases were classified as FIGO stage IIb (n = 8), IIIb (n = 11) or IVa (n = 1). Radiotherapy was carried out either by the external or intracavitary technique. The control of hemorrhage was 100% within 12-48 h after radiotherapy. However 85% of patients failed locally in the form of residual, recurrent pelvic or metastatic disease, within 24 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic cervical cancer has a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Intrarectal formalin application, an effective treatment for grade III haemorrhagic radiation proctitis.

Haemorrhagic radiation proctitis (HRP) is infrequently seen amongst the patients who are either undergoing or have undergone radiotherapy to the pelvis. We treated 16 documented cases of HRP, who did not respond to conventional steroid retention enemas, with 4% formalin application. It was observed that the rectal bleeding was controlled completely in 81% cases in median follow up of 11 months (range 6-17 months) and diversion colostomy could be avoided in all the cases. The effectiveness of local formalin application in severe HRP is described in this article.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1995

Role of radiotherapy in cavernous hemangioma liver.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of local radiotherapy for controlling cavernous hemangioma of liver. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of four diagnosed cases of cavernous hemangiomas of the liver treated with radiotherapy. Hepatic irradiation was given in a tumor dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks period. RESULTS: Three of the four cases showed a complete clinical regression of the liver lesions over a period of 8-14 months, but in one case there was only 75% regression of the mass at 12 months of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Localized radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of giant cavernous hemangiomas of the liver and a tumor dose of 30 Gy is optimum with minimal morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Preventing gastro-enteritis deaths: recommendations based on a 3 years study.

Based on epidemiological investigation of 75 gstro-enteritis deaths that occurred in 22 major hospitals of Delhi during 1990-92, this paper deals with the observations pertaining to the role of physicians and health infrastructure in the management of gastro-enteritis patients. Majority of the patients visited private practitioners/clinics in the first instance. Hospital stay in 44% of cases was 6 hours or more, by which time dehydration and/or electrolyte imbalance should have been corrected. Still, in 54.5 percent out of these, dehydration was the cause of death, while in 18.2 percent electrolyte imbalance co-existed. Record maintenance at various hospitals was far from satisfactory. The study, highlighting the need for proper rehydration and timely referral enlists recommendations that might help in preventing gastro-enteritis deaths.

Case Management↗
PubMed1995

Brain metastasis as first presentation on carcinoma of the esophagus--a case report.

Cancer of the esophagus can metastasize to lymph nodes, lungs, liver etc. Brain accounts for less than 1% of cases. We encountered one unique case of carcinoma of esophagus who presented with brain secondaries as an initial manifestation. Cancer of the esophagus accounts for less than 1% of the cancers. Due to its inaccessible anatomical location, the diagnosis often gets delayed till late. Initially it tends to spread locally followed by metastasis to the lymph nodes and then to the distant organs. Distant metastasis per se is a relatively rare phenomenon, as locally advanced disease is a common cause of death.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Acute coronary occlusion during early post-PTCA exercise testing: a rare but avoidable risk.

We describe here one instance of an acute occlusion of an angioplastied LAD coronary artery occurring during a treadmill stress test performed 2 d after the procedure. The occlusion occurred during the recovery period after a reasonably high level of stress was achieved without evidence of ischaemia. Similar instances described in the literature are summarized and discussed. In the light of these data, it might be prudent to avoid early post-PTCA exercise stress testing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Unifocal Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) resembling Ewing's sarcoma.

In a 9 year old boy, a destructive lesion in the diaphysis of the right femur was wrongly diagnosed as a Ewing's sarcoma on the basis of the radiologic findings and fine needle aspiration cytology report. The clinical and radiologic picture was suggestive of Ewing's sarcoma, but an open biopsy of the lesion revealed a histopathological pathological picture of eosinophilic granuloma. A brief review of the literature is given, together with discussion on the differential diagnosis of a mid shaft femoral lesion in young patients.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Knowledge and attitudes of university students regarding HIV/AIDS: an urban--rural difference.

A total of 322 students from two colleges of Delhi University, one located in urban and the other in the rural area were surveyed to assess and compare their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV/AIDS. A pretested and self-administered questionnaire containing mostly close ended questions was used. Observations revealed that majority of the students were aware of various aspects of HIV/AIDS. However, they also had some misconceptions particularly regarding transmission of the disease. The science and urban students had significantly more knowledge as compared to their counter parts, there by leading to more positive attitudes among them. Findings suggest intensification of AIDS education campaign focussed on removal of misconceptions and changing negative attitudes, more so amongst rural students. Science students can prove as a potential source of peer communication to the non-science students both in urban as well as rural areas.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Thyroid in intermediary metabolism of the migratory redheaded bunting, Emberiza bruniceps (Brandt).

Effect of thyroidectomy and replacement therapy with L-T4, on liver and plasma biochemical constituents of E. bruniceps, was studied during January (recovery phase). Thyroidectomy elevated significantly the levels of plasma glucose, protein, cholesterol, diglyceride, hepatic cholesterol and depressed significantly hepatic free fatty acid without affecting liver and body weights. Treatment of thyroidectomized birds with L-T4 restored liver and plasma constituents, but had significantly depressed plasma phospholipid. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones are critically involved in lipo-regulatory mechanism(s) in E. bruniceps.

Animals↗