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Biomedical subjects

P Kallio

Publications and source records attributed to P Kallio.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Incidence of arthritis in urban Finnish children. A prospective study.

The incidence of various types of arthritis in children was estimated by a prospective 1-year study in the greater Helsinki area (population under 16 years of age: 148,362). Patients were sought from primary care physicians, and 71% of the patients studied were seen within 1 week of the onset of symptoms. All patients received followup care for at least 3 months; patients whose symptoms were prolonged received followup care for a minimum of 2 years. The incidence per 100,000 children under 16 years of age was as follows: 108.5 for all cases of arthritis, 6.7 for septic arthritis, 5.4 for enteropathic arthritis, 51.9 for transient synovitis of the hip, 18.9 for prolonged arthritis (duration greater than 3 months), and 25.8 for acute transient arthritis. The incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was 19.6. Oligoarticular disease was prevalent (76%) among the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Specificity of the monoclonal anti-I antibody (Hy).

In previous work we found that a monoclonal cold hemagglutinin from patient Hy strongly bound antigens contained in stage IV breast cancer sera. To infer the chemical structure of the antigens expressed in the cancer sera, we studied the specificity of the antibody (Hy). The antibody (Hy) had I specificity, based on agglutination scores with adult and cord red blood cells. The binding of the antibody to synthetic and milk oligosaccharides was determined using a solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The anti-I antibody (Hy) strongly bound LacNAc0-Me, LacNAc1----6Gal, LacNAc1----6 (LacNAc1----3)Gal, LacNAc-1----6 alpha GalNAc, LacNAc1----3LacNAc, and LacNAc, 0.05, 0.06, 0.09, 0.22, 0.35 and 0.75 mM giving 50% inhibition, respectively. The anti-I antibody (Hy), similar to the anti-I antibody (Ma), strongly bound LacNAc1----6Gal, but it differed from the anti-I antibody (Ma) in its cross-reactivity with the i sequence. The anti-I antibody (Hy) showed similar reactivities as the hybridoma monoclonal antibodies M18 and M39 with LacNAc1----6Gal and with the i-active sequence. The EIA procedure is a useful alternative to either radioimmunoassay or immunoprecipitation method in the study of anti-I,i specificities.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Synthesis of OmpA protein of Escherichia coli K12 in Bacillus subtilis.

We have inserted a C-terminally truncated gene of the major outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli downstream from the promoter and signal sequence of the secretory alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a secretion vector of Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis transformed with the hybrid plasmid synthesized a protein that was immunologically identified as OmpA. All the protein was present in the particulate fraction. The size of the protein compared to the peptide synthesized in vitro from the same template indicated that the alpha-amylase derived signal peptide was not removed; this was verified by N-terminal amino acid sequence determination. The lack of cleavage suggests that there was little or no translocation of OmpA protein across the cytoplasmic membrane. This is an unexpected difference compared with periplasmic proteins, which were both secreted and processed when fused to the same signal peptide. A requirement of a specific component for the export of outer membrane proteins is suggested.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Oral health status among teenage schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

In the developing countries, the main dental problem has traditionally been periodontal disease, but recently dental caries has been reported to be increasing. There are some findings showing the same pattern in Tanzania. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of caries and the periodontal status among schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam. The series consisted of pupils of classes 6 and 7 in five primary schools (n = 640, ages 12-18 yr). Two-thirds of the children examined were caries-free. Boys had significantly lower DMF scores than girls, 0.7 and 1.2, respectively. Almost all the children showed early signs of gingivitis and assessment by the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) showed that in over 50% all sextants of the mouth were affected. In the older age group (15-18 yr) girls had a significantly higher number of periodontally healthy sextants than boys. The results confirm the high prevalence of periodontal problems but show a very low prevalence of caries. Thus, there are no signs of an alarming caries problem in Dar es Salaam, but oral hygiene education should be promoted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Periodontal treatment needs in populations under 20 years of age in Espoo, Finland and Chiangmai, Thailand.

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal treatment needs at under 20 yr of age in the affluent area of Espoo, Finland, offering comprehensive public dental health care, as compared to a less advantaged area in Chiangmai, Thailand. In Espoo, 50 girls and 50 boys were examined in each age group of 7, 12 and 17 yr. In Chiangmai equal numbers of girls and boys were examined to obtain a group of 89 subjects aged 18.5 + 0.6 yr. According to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) the need of scaling increased in Espoo from 6% of the 7-yr-olds to 39% of the 17-yr-olds. Moderate pocketing (4-5 mm) occurred in one subject at age 12 and in three subjects at age 17. In Chiangmai, deep pockets (6 mm and over) were recorded for 1%, moderate pockets for a total of 44%, and dental calculus as the highest treatment need indicator in the remaining 55%, indicating a need for professional treatment in 100% of the group examined. The mean number of sextants requiring scaling was 0.6 per person at age 17 in Espoo as compared to 4.5 at 18.5 yr of age in Chiangmai. Three or more healthy sextants per subject were recorded for 47% of the 17-yr-olds in Espoo and for only 6% of the 18.5-yr-olds in Chiangmai. It was concluded that already at young age vast differences occur between periodontal treatment needs in industrialized and developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum-sickness-like disease is a common cause of acute arthritis in children.

Among 283 children in a prospective study of arthritis we found 15 patients with a self-limited serum-sickness-like disease consisting of urticaria or joint erythema and mostly polyarticular arthritis. The mean duration of joint symptoms was 5.9 days. A preceding infection was reported in 12 patients and 12 had received drugs, the therapy starting on average 12.8 days before the onset of joint symptoms. In 9 cases the drug was penicillin. Four patients had recurrent attacks. Circulating immune complexes were detected in the serum of 12 patients, but specific IgE antibodies to penicillin only in 3 patients. The estimated annual incidence of the condition was 4.7/100,000 children under age 16.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Transient synovitis and Perthes' disease. Is there an aetiological connection?

A prospective study was made of 119 children with transient synovitis or any other cause for synovial effusion and elevated intra-articular pressure. During a follow-up of one year not one case of Perthes' disease was diagnosed and the late clinical and radiographic changes were minimal with moderate overgrowth of the femoral head in 33% and widening of the joint space in 14.2%. Our results do not support the widely accepted concept that Perthes' disease develops as a result of the period of elevated intra-articular pressure found in transient synovitis. Further research into this and Perthes' disease should follow the premise that they are two different diseases without any aetiological connection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Hyperpressure in juvenile hip disease.

Intra-articular pressure was measured in 94 hips in 81 children with Perthes' disease and various forms of synovitis of the hip. The pressure was elevated in Perthes' disease (3.4 kPa), transient synovitis (17.3 kPa), septic arthritis (20.2 kPa), reactive arthritis (28.0 kPa) and arthritis with urticaria (32.3 kPa). In transient synovitis the mean pressure was only 2.3 kPa in flexion, while a mean of 26.6 kPa was seen in the neutral position and in internal rotation. In children with synovial effusion of the hip, the position of immobilisation should therefore be in flexion of 30-45 degrees with slight external rotation. The neutral position or extension, even with simultaneous traction, may endanger the circulation of the femoral head.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonography in hip disease in children.

Intra-articular synovial effusion was visualized in different juvenile hip diseases by ultrasonography; 166 hips from 149 children were examined. Joint aspiration of 97 hips confirmed that ultrasonography was more sensitive than conventional radiography in diagnosing effusion. The magnitude of the ultrasonic joint space correlated well with the clinical severity of the disease, the volume of synovial fluid, and the intra-articular pressure. Considerable widening of the ultrasonic joint space was seen in transient synovitis, septic arthritis, reactive arthritis and arthritis with urticaria; moderate widening was seen in some patients with Perthes disease, and symmetrical joint space in patients with nonspecific arthralgia. We conclude that ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis and follow-up of synovial effusion of the hip in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Use of the CPITN in populations under 20 years of age.

The aim of this study was to find the optimal approach to the use of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in age groups under 20 years of age in which the presence of false pockets around erupting teeth has caused confusion. Fifty boys and fifty girls in each age group of 7-, 12- and 17 years were selected at random from among young patients attending for regular dental care. To allow detailed analysis, CPITN recordings were made for each tooth instead of per sextant. The 4-5 mm pockets were divided into true pathologic pockets requiring scaling and improved oral hygiene; false pockets with bleeding after gentle probing and thus needing improved oral hygiene only; and false pockets with no treatment need. Comparisons of periodontal treatment needs per sextant were made after basing the CPITN code number on examination of all teeth in the sextant, of the CPITN epidemiological index teeth (17, 16; 11; 26, 27; 37, 36; 31; 46, 47), and of teeth 16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46. Incomplete eruption even of first molars and maxillary central incisors was frequently observed at age 7 whereas at ages 12 and 17 the presence of false pockets was most frequent around mandibular and maxillary second molars. It is suggested that in populations under 20 years of age CPITN recordings should be based on examination of teeth 16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The role of pili in the adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells.

Pili or fimbriae were purified by a new technique involving solubilization from the bacterial outer membrane by deoxycholate and separation from flagella by 6M urea. This technique was employed to clarify the role of pili for the adherence of urinary tract pathogenic E. coli; a virulence factor in urinary tract infection. The isolated pili formed single bands in SDS gels and were pure by serologic criteria. They retained the binding properties of the whole piliated bacteria, since they bound to uroepithelial cells and agglutinated erythrocytes. Antibodies to purified pili blocked adhesion. The adhesion and hemagglutination reactions by the strains used for pilus purification were mannose-resistant but globotetraos-sensitive, i.e. the strains recognized globoseries glycolipid receptors in the target cells. The occurrence of this property in a freshly collected material of strains was tested using erythrocytes of blood groups P1, P2k and p.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1976

Patellectomy after fracture. Long-term follow-up results with special reference to functional disability.

Twenty-eight out of a group of 38 patients, who had undergone a patellectomy during the period 1950-70, were investigated clinically and radiologically. The results were compared with the subjective symptoms of the patients to see if there was a correlation. The follow-up period was 7.4 years on average. A good subjective result was reported by only six patients. The predominant subjective symptoms were weakness of the limb and pain on movement and/or exertion. The most usual findings were atrophy of the quadriceps muscle, crepitation, and palpation tenderness. The muscular power of the quadriceps was found to be greater than or equal to 75 per cent of the power of the intact knee in only seven cases (25 per cent).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis by a phosphorelay.

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is a developmental process induced as a response to nutritional stress. Activation of sporulation-specific gene transcription is under the control of the spoOA gene product. The SpoOA protein and the SpoOF protein are both homologous to response regulator proteins of two-component regulatory systems which control bacterial responses to a variety of environmental challenges. Response regulators are activated by specific kinases which phosphorylate them. In this study, it was shown that phosphorylation of SpoOA occurs via a phosphotransferase which is the product of the spoOB locus. The phosphodonor in this reaction is the phosphorylated form of SpoOF. It is postulated that SpoOF acts as a secondary messenger that can be phosphorylated by a variety of kinases depending on the particular environmental stress. The series of phosphate transfer reactions in this system is called a phosphorelay. The end product of this series of reactions is SpoOA approximately P which is shown to have greater affinity for the DNA target, the OA box, of SpoOA on the abrB promoter than the unphosphorylated form. SpoOA approximately P, but not SpoOA, was shown to be an activator of transcription of the spoIIA operon which codes for the sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma F. Thus, the initiation of sporulation is dependent on SpoOA approximately P which arises through the phosphorelay and which acts as a transcription factor to repress certain genes, e.g. abrB, and activate others, e.g. spoIIA.

Autoradiography↗