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Biomedical subjects

P Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to P Hofmann.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Screw electrode for fetal monitoring (author's transl)].

A screw-electrode for the cardiotocographic monitoring is described. Starting from the demands of an efficient screw-electrode the electric and mechanical attributes are explained. The clinical results demonstrate the efficiency of the new electrode. It takes of a feto-fetal ECG.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1978

[Computer tomographic demonstration of an intramuscular haematoma in haemophilia (author's transl)].

Anatomical localisation of intramuscular haematomas can be achieved more accurately by computer tomography than by clinical examination in conjunction with conventional radiography. Computer tomography is able to demonstrate fresh haematomas before they become diagnosable clinically, and before secondary changes, such as calcification or bone erosions, make them visible on conventional radiographs. In this way the diagnosis is made more certain and the choice between conservative or surgical treatment is simplified. Ther period of treatment with clotting factors can, in some cases, be shortened as a result of serial examinations by computer tomography.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

[Haemophilic pseudo-tumours and iliac haematomas: radiological and clinical findings (author's transl)].

Between 1971 and 1977, 648 patients with haemophilia were seen; of these 38 had pseudo-tumours and 163 iliac haematomas. Amongst the latter 153 were cured by the administration of the appropriate factor. In ten the symptoms persisted. In the early stages the diagnosis cannot be made radiologically. Large haematomas produce indirect evidence of their presence by displacing the bladder. Particularly with small haematomas, computer tomography has proved a reliable and accurate diagnostic measure. Without treatment, a haemophilic pseudo-tumour may develop. Its radiological differential diagnosis includes malignant and benign bone tumours, inflammatory and parasitic disease. Therapy includes conservative measures (factor concentrates) or operative intervention (removal of the haematoma).

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1978

[Electromyographic examination of the femoral muscles in hemophilic effusion in the knee-joint and in irritated conditions of the knee-joint (author's transl)].

In ten patients with acute effusion in the knee-joint due to hemophilia, or with chronic knee-joint affection, the maximal isometric contraction of the M. vastus medialis and lateralis and of the M. rectus femoris was measured by electromyography. Measurements were taken before and after puncture of the effusion, or before and after intraarticular injection of a local anesthetic. In all examined patients, the contraction tests were performed below the pain threshold. The proportionate share of energy of the quadriceps muscle was considerably enhanced by reducing the intraarticular pressure and injecting a local anesthetic. This increase differs, depending on the state of the knee-joint affection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Rat gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow during restraint stress--effect of a low dose metiamide.

In rats under either mild stress (= controls) or severe stress (= restraint) gastric secretion (acid; pepsin, volume), mucosal blood flow, serum gastrin and ulcer formation were evaluated without and with additional infusion of a low dose (0.25 mg/kg.h) metiamide over an 8 h experimental period. Calculated constants of dose-response characteristics for acid output in this species are: Km = 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg/kg.h; Vmax = 94.4 +/- 11.0 per cent. Restraint depresses markedly secretion and microcirculation, but stimulates ulcer formation and raises serum gastrin. In controls, metiamide inhibits secretion and ulcer index significantly, but leaves mucosal blood flow and gastrin unaltered. In contrast, with restraint and metiamide, ulcer index was not improved, whereas mucosal blood flow was restored to almost control levels. Therefore, H2-receptor blockers, in addition to inhibition of secretion, may interfere with microcirculation either directly or by secondary release of yet unknown mediator substance(s), depending on the prevailing tissue environment.

Acids↗
PubMed1977

[The diagnostic value of mammography during pregnancy and lactation (the radiological features of the breast during pregnancy) (author's transl)].

During early and late pregnancy and lactation, there is an increase in the size of the breasts, with increased density of their structure. The moderately dense parenchyma in young women is characterised by a) wavy contours of the subcutaneous zone and b) linear or oval translucencies in the central parenchyma. Our investigations indicate that it usually takes three months after delivery before the breast structure returns to normal and one is able to interpret the mammogram satisfactorily. For this reason mammography should be avoided during these three months and if there is a suspicion of disease in the breast, a biopsy should be carried out immediately.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Multiple vascular stenoses in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)].

Vascular lesions due to neurofibromatosis have been predominantly reported in the renal arteries as cause of arterial hypertension, but they can occur everywhere. The angiography shows a smoothly bordered stenosis at the origin of the artery with an elongated funnel shaped poststenotic deformity. Collateral vessels are often present. Reconstructive arterial surgery is in a high percentage successful. The main differential diagnosis includes fibromuscular dysplasia. Arterial hypertension in a young person with neurofibromatosis should suggest the presence of pheochromocytoma or renovascular disease.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Reconstructive surgery in the lower limb in hemophiliacs.

During the years 1973-76, we performed 76 operations on the lower limbs of hemophiliacs in an attempt to correct the disability due to intraarticular hemorrhages. The ways in which rehabilitative surgery can improve function and retard further damage are discussed in the light of the pathogenesis of disability due to intraarticular and intramuscular hemorrhage. Three particularly successful operative procedures are discussed: 1) supracondylar correction of knock-knee, 2) intertrochanteric correction of coxa valga, and 3) evacuation of iliacus hematoma in patients with paralysis of the femoral nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Aplasia and hypoplasia of the lung (author's transl)].

The different forms of aplasia and hypoplasia of the lung are described. Differences in anatomic structure, prognosis and concomitant congenital anomalies suggest two special forms of hypoplasia of the lung: a) aplasia of one lobe of a lung with hypoplasia of the rest of the lung--b) hypoplasia of all parts of a lung. Bronchographic and angiographic studies are necessary for the differentiation between the special forms of hypoplasia of a lung and diseases with similar radiographic findings. The possible combination of hypoplasia of one lung with ipsilateral anomalies is pointed out.

Bronchography↗
PubMed1977

[Orthopedic problems in hemophilia. Pathophysiology and results of operations (author's transl)].

During the last 3 years we have treated over 400 patients with severe hemophilia A or B of all ages. They were looked after by the Institute for Experimental Hematology and Blood-Transfusion of the University at Bonn, for prevention, rehabilitation and operation. The specific pathophysiology of disability of the hemophiliac is shortly outlined, the chances of operative rehabilitation and their indications are discussed. The results show that--with experience--extensive operative rehabilitation can be achieved also in hemophiliacs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Congenital bowing of the tibia in neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen (author's transl)].

There is a close, but not constant, relationship between congenital bowing of the tibia or infantile pseudo-arthrosis of the tibia and von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. In about 40% it is possible to confirm the diagnosis by examining relatives, but the radiological findings and the course of the disease, as well as by histological examination. Anterior bowing with dysplastic-sclerotic bone changes results in the "high risk tibia". This may lead to a pathological fracture. Treatment depends on the clinical findings and radiological changes. It should be aimed at preventing pathological fractures and pseudarthrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Differential diagnosis of star-shaped shadows on x-ray films of the female breast (author's transl)].

The mammographic demonstration of star-shaped shadows in the breast were reported in two cases. In both cases the lesions basically had to be classified as suspected malignancy, but the cytological examination showed the lesions to be benign scar tissue. Since mammography fails to demonstrate the boundry of a lesion which is seldom benign, such false positive diagnoses cannot be truly classified as "false diagnoses".

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

[Estrogenic action of cardiac glycosides. Clinical and animal experiment studies].

Vaginal smears of young girls before puberty and of postmenopausal women who were treated with digoxine, were examined on their degree of proliferation. There was no sign of any estrogenic stimulation. In female juvenile and ovarectomized fertile rats digitoxin caused no ripening of the vaginal epithelium neither in low nor in high doses. It is supposed that some steroid-hormone-like effects which are seen by glycoside-therapy, are related to stimulation of the suprarenal gland.

Age Factors↗