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Biomedical subjects

P Hartemann

Publications and source records attributed to P Hartemann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[A study of the cytotoxicity of chloroform, 1-2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and hexachlorobutadiene to mouse L cells (author's transl)].

A cytotoxicity test based on residual protein determination is described and the in vitro toxicity of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons is evaluated with this test. The results obtained are sufficiently reproducible to yield an order of cytotoxicity: hexachlorobutadiene is about 100-fold more toxic than chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane; whereas, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is 10-fold more toxic than these two compounds. The method is fast and lends itself to the toxic evaluation of large numbers of samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Study on the relationship between isolation of mycobacteria and classical microbiological and chemical indicators of water quality in swimming pools.

Observation of skin lesions in patients who frequent swimming pools in the dermatology section of the Nancy Hospital, coupled with isolation of Mycobacteria marinum led to a preliminary survey of 20 swimming pools in the Lorraine region for Mycobacteria. Six representative pools were then chosen for more in-depth research during 1977 and 1978: 3 chlorinated, 2 brominated and 1 ozonated pool. The following parameters were analyzed: chemical (pH, conductivity, residual disinfectant, and oxidizable matter by potassium permanganate); microbiological (standard plate counts, total and faecal coliforms, Streptococci, Clostridia, Mycobacteria, and pathogenic Staphylococci). During the survey, different species were isolated: saprophytic Mycobacteria such as M. gordonae, M. flavescens, M. terrae, M. aurum and M. parafortuitum; and opportunistic pathogens such as M. marinum, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum. There was no correlation between the presence of Mycobacteria and classical microbiological indicators. In one pool, M. marinum was repeatedly isolated, this same pool supplied by thermal water was being used by some patients with skin granuloma. Increased chlorination eliminated this pathogenic species. The level of saprophytic Mycobacteria was very low while opportunistic Mycobacteria were absent in pools with a residual chlorine concentration of only 0.5--0.6 mg/l. The same results were found for brominated pools with a residual of 2 mg/l, and for the ozonated pool without a residual. The Mycobacteria contamination was due partly to the water which replaced eliminated water and partly to swimmers and pool surfaces (walls, floor).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

[Primary malignant tumour of the liver associated with the ingestion of oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

A 42-year-old woman, who had been taking oral contraceptives for 10 years, developed a primary carcinoma of the liver. The diagnosis was made by biopsy under laparoscopic control. Twenty one cases have already been reported in the literature. The aetiological role of contraceptives in the development of generally benign (approximately 200 published cases) and sometime malignant hepatic lesions, has not been definitely proven. The regression of certain benign tumours when contraceptives are stopped is the essential argument. In some patients, the association of benign lesions and of hepatic carcinoma suggests a single pathogenesis. The early recognition of such lesions justifies their being sought routinely in patients taking oral contraceptives (palpation of the liver, questioning concerning pain in the hepatic region). A national register will be required in order to determine their exact prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Serratia, cause of nosocomial infections and its occurrence in the patient's environment (author's transl)].

The Serratia infections are increasing in hospitalized patients, especially in those with reduced defences. This paper deals with a review of the recent literature on the microbiological characterization of the different Serratia species, the clinical syndrome associated with Serratia infections and the mode of transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. This author's experience in the occurrenceof Serratia in the hospital environment and their sensitivity to antibiotics and disinfectants is presented. The prevention of this infection stemps from these epidemiological data and, above all, consists in application of adequate hospital hygiene measures.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1979

[Epidemiology of infections on a thoracic surgery service].

The aim of the present work is to discover the origin of the post-operative infections presented by certain patients following surgery for pulmonary exeresis in a surgical unit that deals both with thoracic and general surgical patients (most commonly cancer surgery). A prospective epidaemiological investigation of 54 pulmonary cases was thus undertaken, lasting for a period of 6 months. This consisted in obtaining multiple microbiological specimens from the patient himself, but also from the patient's environment and from the hospital staff (more than 1000 specimens were examined). The study begins at the stage of entry of the patient to the hospital department and follows him through the operation theatre stage and the post-operative period in the intensive care unit. In the intensive care unit the patients will come into contact with other patients who have been admitted urgently. These cases may or may not be of a pulmonary nature. Among the 54 subjects studied, 19 presented with infectious post-operative complications that led to 2 deaths. In 9 cases the infection was due to auto-contamination. It would appear that the environment plays a very small rôle as a factor leading to the development of post-operative infection since very few of the specimens taken were postive and usually the staphylococci were of various different lysotypes and never corresponding to the lysotype of the infective organism. Some predisposing factors to infection were demonstrated: an association with alcoholism and chronic bronchitis, pre-operatory bronchial suppuration, and widespread pulmonary exeresis was found.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

[Demonstration of pineal gland and pituitary involution in mice poisoned with carbon tetrachloride].

Ingestion of carbone tetrachloride by male C3H Orleans mice determines an involution of the pineal gland and of the hypophysis, as well as extensive lesions of the hepatic parenchyma. There may exist in these animals a higher blood-level of glucocorticoids, as this has been shown to be the case in men suffering from cirrhosis or hepatitis. Involution of the pineal gland in cases of stress, as has been shown by various authors, would result from an entirely different mechanism, that is by increased secretion of corticoadrenal hormones.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of the cytotoxicity of chloroform on mouse L cells by measurement of proteins and chromium 51 release].

The authors describe a new cytotoxicity test based on the classical measurement of the residual proteins after a contact time of 4 days between the produit tested and the mouse L cells. The results are expressed as a cytotoxic dose 50 with a confidence limit for the 95% threshold after a statistical treatment of the analytical data by a computerized method. For chloroform, this method is more sensitive that the classical cytotoxicity test involving the chrom 51 release.

Chloroform↗
PubMed1977

[Use of measurement of liver cytochrome P 450 as a water toxicity test].

The authors describe a new approach to determine the toxicity of water samples. The level of liver hydroxylating cytochrome in mice injected with water samples is assayed. This assay is used to test the toxicity of waters containing an earth extract (humic and fulvic acids). The water samples showed various toxicities desinfected with chlorine or ozone.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Evaluation of the alginat membrane filter method for the Enterovirus concentration in water (author's transl)].

It is bound to use a concentration method for the research of enteroviruses in water. One of the concentration methods, the filtration on alginat membranes, avoids the problem of the virus elution from the filter, then the membrane is soluble in a sodium citrat buffer. This method was studied with different types of water (synthetic water, tap water and wastewater). -The recovery efficiency of Poliovirus I in clear waters (synthetic water and tap water) was poor, unsatisfying reproducible; the results are better for small virus concentrations. This efficiency may be slowly enhanced by the addition to the sample of aluminium chlorid at a final concentration of 5.10(-4) M. -The technical problems (brittleness of the membranes, slow filtrations speed, small sample volume), soon noticeable with clear waters, are more important in the case of trouble waters. Meanwhile the use of this filtration method gives better results for the recovery of Poliovirus I in wastewaters than the direct inoculation to cells cultures.

Alginates↗
PubMed1977

[Virilizing tumours of the adrenal cortex with unimpaired menstruation (author's transl)].

Virilizing adenomas of the adrenal cortex entail, typically, hirsutism, amenorrhea and hypertrophy of the clitoris. We report two cases of adrenal adenoma, both revealed by hirsutism and significant biological features, but both without any alteration of the menstrual cycle. One of our 2 patients showed moderate hypertrophy of the clitoris. In the first patient, the tumour has been located thanks to dexamethasone--modifiying adrenal secretion, and in the second patient, thanks to angiography. These two cases reported are a warning never to neglect more hirsutism, even, when unobstrusive, and always to undertake minimal hormonal investigations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of amenorrhea-galactorrhea with bromo-ergocryptine. Apropos of 12 cases].

The authors report the action of bromergocryptine in 12 patients who were suffering from a syndrome of amenorrhoea with galactorrhoea and hyperprolactinism. None of these 12 patients had a pituitary tumour; or else they had been operated on before treatment. Only in one case was the syndrome linked to taking oral contraceptives, which had been stopped more than six months previously. The dose of bromergocryptine was 5 mg. a day. If this dose fails it is possible to raise it after two months' observation. The galactorrhoea disappeared or markedly decreased in 8 out of the 12 cases. Ovulatory cycles started in 9 out of the 12. 5 of the women wanted a pregnancy: 4 succeeded and 2 of them have already been delivered of normal children. Bromergocryptine (CB 154) has thus proved itself to be remarkably effective in hyperprolactinism, not caused by a pituitary tumour, which gives rise to amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. All the same, its long-term use, especially after stopping treatment, is still to be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Activity of blood somatomedin during childhood in normal subjects and in delayed growth].

A hundred sera from children, were used to evaluate normal levels of somatomedin activity and pathological levels. The results showed that the level of this activity in the blood, rises gradually during infancy, to reach normal adult reference level by postulate, equal to 1. Although the values are widely dispersed in each sample, the general phenomenon of their increase in infancy remains significant. The patients with somatotropin deficiency, have very low somatomedin values which become normal under the influence of injection of human growth hormone. A very unusual case is that of Laron's dwarfism with very high values of HGH in the plasma, and very low levels of somatomedin and, clinical and laboratory indifference to injections of exogenous HGH. The prospects of progress in the techniques of study of somatomedin will be of great service in the near future.

Adolescent↗